N-acetylneuraminate metabolic process
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid. [ISBN:0198506732]
N-acetylneuraminate metabolic process encompasses the intricate biochemical transformations involving N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), a crucial sialic acid playing vital roles in diverse biological functions. This process begins with the synthesis of Neu5Ac, primarily from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine via a series of enzymatic reactions catalyzed by UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase and N-acetylmannosamine kinase. The generated Neu5Ac is then incorporated into various glycoconjugates, including glycoproteins and glycolipids, through a series of glycosyltransferases. These enzymes facilitate the transfer of Neu5Ac from CMP-Neu5Ac to specific acceptor molecules, resulting in the formation of sialylated structures. The process also includes the degradation of Neu5Ac through enzymatic hydrolysis, primarily mediated by neuraminidases. These enzymes cleave Neu5Ac from glycoconjugates, releasing free Neu5Ac that can be recycled or further metabolized. The intricate regulation of these metabolic pathways ensures a precise balance of Neu5Ac levels, crucial for maintaining cell signaling, adhesion, and immune recognition. Furthermore, disruptions in N-acetylneuraminate metabolic process are implicated in various pathological conditions, emphasizing its pivotal role in human health.'
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Proteins (2)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-galactosamide-alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 1 | A CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-galactosamide-alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q11201] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 | A beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P15907] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (12)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid | 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta. 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd dihydroxybenzoic acid : Any member of the class of hydroxybenzoic acids carrying two phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring and its derivatives. | dihydroxybenzoic acid | human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| protocatechuic acid | 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4. protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | catechols; dihydroxybenzoic acid | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| gallic acid | gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid. | trihydroxybenzoic acid | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| beta-resorcylic acid | beta-resorcylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | ||
| 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid | 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; a oxidative product of saligenin | dihydroxybenzoic acid | EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human metabolite; MALDI matrix material; mouse metabolite |
| veratric acid | 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 3. veratric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | benzoic acids | allergen; plant metabolite |
| methyl gallate | methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with methanol. It exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties. methyl gallate: has both immunosuppressive and phytogenic antineoplastic activities; isolated from Acer saccharinum | gallate ester | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid | 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid : A benzoic acid derivative carrying 3-, 4- and 5-methoxy substituents. 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | benzoic acids; methoxybenzenes | human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| syringic acid | syringic acid : A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid. syringic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in third source | benzoic acids; dimethoxybenzene; phenols | plant metabolite |
| epigallocatechin gallate | (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin. epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis) | flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| cytidine monophosphate n-acetylneuraminic acid | CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acid : A nucleotide sugar used as a donor by glycosyltransferases for the synthesis of sugar chains Cytidine Monophosphate N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: A nucleoside monophosphate sugar which donates N-acetylneuraminic acid to the terminal sugar of a ganglioside or glycoprotein. | CMP-N-acyl-beta-neuraminic acid | mouse metabolite |
| guanosine diphosphate | Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. | guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor |