Target type: biologicalprocess
The regulated release of serotonin by a mast cell or group of mast cells. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]
Mast cells are immune cells that play a crucial role in allergic and inflammatory responses. They are characterized by their ability to release a variety of mediators, including histamine, serotonin, and proteases, upon activation. Serotonin, a neurotransmitter and vasoactive amine, is stored in mast cell granules and is released upon stimulation. The process of serotonin secretion from mast cells involves a complex interplay of signaling pathways and cellular events:
1. **Stimulus Recognition:** Mast cells express a variety of receptors on their surface, including FcεRI (high-affinity IgE receptor), TLRs (Toll-like receptors), and complement receptors. These receptors recognize and bind to specific antigens or stimuli, initiating the activation cascade.
2. **Signal Transduction:** Upon receptor engagement, intracellular signaling pathways are activated. The most prominent pathway involves the activation of tyrosine kinases, such as Lyn and Syk. These kinases phosphorylate downstream signaling molecules, leading to the activation of phospholipase C (PLC).
3. **Calcium Influx:** PLC hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to produce diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3). IP3 binds to IP3 receptors on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), triggering the release of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytoplasm.
4. **Exocytosis:** The increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration triggers the fusion of mast cell granules with the plasma membrane, a process known as exocytosis. Granule fusion is mediated by SNARE proteins, which facilitate membrane docking and fusion.
5. **Serotonin Release:** Serotonin is stored in mast cell granules in a complex with heparin and other proteoglycans. Upon exocytosis, serotonin is released into the extracellular environment.
6. **Serotonin Signaling:** Released serotonin binds to serotonin receptors on neighboring cells, including smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and neurons. These interactions lead to a variety of physiological effects, including vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction, and inflammation.
In summary, serotonin secretion by mast cells is a complex process initiated by receptor activation and involving signal transduction, Ca2+ influx, and exocytosis. This release of serotonin contributes to various physiological and pathological responses, highlighting the important role of mast cells in immune and inflammatory processes.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Synaptic vesicular amine transporter | A synaptic vesicular amine transporter that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q05940] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| ketanserin | ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group. Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients. | aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist |
| reserpine | reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use. | alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic |
| tetrabenazine | 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7. | benzoquinolizine; cyclic ketone; tertiary amino compound | |
| 2h-benzo(a)quinolizin-2-ol, 2-ethyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy- | 2H-Benzo(a)quinolizin-2-ol, 2-Ethyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-: Proposed catecholamine depletor. | ||
| lobeline | (-)-lobeline : An optically active piperidine alkaloid having a 2-oxo-2-phenylethyl substituent at the 2-position and a 2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl group at the 6-position. | aromatic ketone; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary amine | nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist |
| dihydrotetrabenazine | dihydrotetrabenazine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | isoquinolines | |
| lobeline | |||
| lobelane | lobelane: structure in first source | ||
| mrk 560 | MRK 560: a gamma-secretase inhibitor; MRK-560 is the (cis)-isomer; structure in first source |