Page last updated: 2024-10-06
Carnitine synthesis
Proteins (4)
| Protein | Synonyms | Taxonomy |
|---|
| 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase | TMABA-DH; TMABALDH; EC 1.2.1.47; Aldehyde dehydrogenase E3 isozyme; Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 9 member A1; 1.2.1.3; Gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase; 1.2.1.19; R-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic | SHMT; EC 2.1.2.1; Glycine hydroxymethyltransferase; Serine methylase | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase | EC 1.14.11.1; Gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase; Gamma-BBH; Gamma-butyrobetaine,2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Trimethyllysine dioxygenase, mitochondrial | EC 1.14.11.8; Epsilon-trimethyllysine 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase; Epsilon-trimethyllysine hydroxylase; TML hydroxylase; TML-alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase; TML dioxygenase; TMLD | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (13)
| Compound | Description |
|---|
| hydronium ion | |
| Succinate | |
| NADH | |
| iron | A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN. |
| Carbon Dioxide | A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals. |
| Water | A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) |
| Oxygen | An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration. |
| gamma-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde | intermediate in biosynthesis of carnitine from lysine; structure in first source |
| nad | A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed) |
| alpha-Ketoglutarate | |
| carnitine | A constituent of STRIATED MUSCLE and LIVER. It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism. |
| trimethyllysine | stimulates growth of tumor cells; RN given refers to (S)-isomer |
| gamma-butyrobetaine | RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt |