thymosin and Sarcoma

We recently generated transgenic mice expressing the RET proto-oncogene with a multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A mutation (RET-MEN2A). Mammary tumors with frequent lung metastasis were developed in 22% of female transgenic mice in a stochastic fashion. In the current study, we established two cell lines (named MKK-f and MKK-s) from mammary tumors developed in RET-MEN2A transgenic mice. MKK-f and MKK-s were derived from well-differentiated ductal carcinoma and sarcomatous spindle cell carcinoma, respectively. MKK-f cells show epithelial-like morphology with a doubling time of 19 h, and MKK-s cells show spindle-shaped morphology with a doubling time of 15 h. When inoculated in immunodeficient mice, both cell lines were tumorigenic, metastasized to the lung and displayed histological features similar to those of the primary tumors. They maintained a high level of RET expression and activation of signaling molecules downstream of RET. Consistent with the histological phenotype, expression of E-cadherin was almost undetectable in MKK-s cells, whereas its expression was very high in MKK-f cells. When the difference of gene expression between the two cell lines was analyzed using cDNA microarrays including approximately 900 genes/ESTs, a total of 21 up- or down-regulated (> 2.0-fold) genes were identified. Differentially regulated genes included thymosin beta-10, fibroblast growth factor receptor 4, aldo-keto reductase and caspase 6 genes, which are known to be associated with tumor development and progression. These results may reflect the profiles of the transcriptional changes associated with dedifferentiation or progression of mammary carcinomas developed in genetically engineered mice.

Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Aldehyde Reductase; Aldo-Keto Reductases; Animals; Cadherins; Carcinoma, Ductal; Caspase 6; Caspases; Cell Differentiation; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Mice; Mice, SCID; Mice, Transgenic; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a; Mutation; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Proto-Oncogene Mas; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; Sarcoma; Thymosin; Tumor Cells, Cultured