tetracycline and Burns

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacteriophages; Base Sequence; Burns; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Chromosomes; Conjugation, Genetic; DNA Replication; DNA, Bacterial; Ecology; Escherichia coli; Extrachromosomal Inheritance; Feces; Genes; Humans; Molecular Biology; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline

Topics: Aged; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Bacteria; Burns; Candida; Female; Humans; Kanamycin; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Isolators; Penicillins; Serratia; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Wound Infection

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the abnormal formation of bone in soft tissue. Current diagnostics have low sensitivity or specificity to incremental progression of mineralization, especially at early time points. Without accurate and reliable early diagnosis and intervention, HO progression often results in incapacitating conditions of limited range of motion, nerve entrapment, and pain. We hypothesized that non-invasive near-infrared (NIR) optical imaging can detect HO at early time points and monitor heterotopic bone turnover longitudinally. C57BL6 mice received an Achilles tenotomy on their left hind limb in combination with a dorsal burn or sham procedure. A calcium-chelating tetracycline derivative (IRDye 680RD BoneTag) was injected bi-weekly and imaged via NIR to measure accumulative fluorescence for 11 wk and compared to in vivo microCT images. Percent retention of fluorescence was calculated longitudinally to assess temporal bone resorption. NIR detected HO as early as five days and revealed a temporal response in HO formation and turnover. MicroCT could not detect HO until 5 wk. Confocal microscopy confirmed fluorophore localization to areas of HO. These findings demonstrate the ability of a near-infrared optical imaging strategy to accurately and reliably detect and monitor HO in a murine model.

Topics: Achilles Tendon; Animals; Biomarkers; Bone and Bones; Bone Resorption; Burns; Calcium; Chelating Agents; Contrast Media; Disease Progression; Fluorescent Dyes; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microscopy, Confocal; Ossification, Heterotopic; Range of Motion, Articular; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Tenotomy; Tetracycline; X-Ray Microtomography

Polymeric ultra-thin films (nanosheets) possess unique properties that make them suitable materials for various biomedical applications. In our previous study, we assessed the use of an antibiotic (tetracycline, TC)-loaded nanosheet (or "TC-nanosheet") for the treatment of gastrointestinal tissue defects. The nanosheet consisted of three functional layers: layer-by-layer nanosheet as a stable platform, TC as an antimicrobial agent with autofluorescence for tracing, and a poly(vinyl acetate) nanosheet to act as a protecting layer. The TC-nanosheet has high flexibility, adhesive strength and transparency. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of the TC-nanosheet in preventing full thickness burn-wound infections. In an in vivo study, murine dorsal skin was injured by full-thickness burns and then infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), a common bacterium causing burn-associated infections. The wound site was treated either with a TC-nanosheet, TC-unloaded nanosheet or left untreated. Wound management was facilitated by the high transparency of the TC-nanosheet. The TC-nanosheet significantly improved burn-wound infection by P. aeruginosa in mice. Indeed, all mice treated with the TC-nanosheet survived, whereas the other treatment groups displayed increased rates of mortality due to bacterial infection. According to histological analyses and viable bacterial counting in the liver (bacterial translocation), the TC-nanosheets were able to prevent not only the local inflammation but also systemic inflammation. We conclude that the TC-nanosheet can act as an effective treatment for full-thickness burn-wound infection. Hence, the TC-nanosheet is a promising therapeutic tool for burn-wound management in severely burn-injured patients.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Burns; Colony Count, Microbial; Disease Models, Animal; Liver; Lung; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microbial Viability; Nanoparticles; Skin; Tetracycline; Treatment Outcome; Wound Infection

Pseudomonas aeruginosa plays a prominent role as an etiological agent involved in serious infections in burned patients. In this study P. aeruginosa infections were analyzed at the Motahari Burn Center in Tehran (from 22 December 1998 to April 1999) to estimate their frequency, antibiotic susceptibility and serotypes. One hundred and eighty-four positive cultures and 205 bacterial strains were isolated among swabs or biopsy specimens during the study period. Pseudomonas was found to be the most common (57%) followed by Acinetobacter (17%), Escherichia coli (12%), Staphylococcus aureus (8%) and other organisms (6%). The frequency of P. aeruginosa resistance to gentamicin, ceftizoxime, carbenicillin, cephalothin and ceftazidime was over 90%. The antibiotics to which P. aeruginosa was most sensitive were amikacin and tetracyclin. The "O" serotypes isolated from the 117 Pseudomona aeroginosa isolates were serotypes O:2, O:5, O:6, O:8, O:11, O:12 and O:16. The most common serotype was O:6 (20/17%) followed by O:11 (18/15%) and O:5 (14/12%). The serotype most resistant was O:16 (8%) and the most sensitive was O:8 (2%). Since treatment of infection with available antibiotics according to the results attained proved to be difficult, prevention of infection in the burned patients is considered as an appropriate means of conquering overcoming infection problems. The sum of frequencies of serotypes O:6, O:11, O:5 and O:16 was more than 60%, therefore vaccination of burn patients with polyvalent antiserum to these serotypes could possibly produce immunity in more than half of the burned patients.

Topics: Acinetobacter; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amikacin; Burns; Carbenicillin; Ceftazidime; Ceftizoxime; Cephalothin; Child; Child, Preschool; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Serotyping; Staphylococcus aureus; Tetracycline; Wound Infection

Fifteen patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) were studied. In all of them the TEN was related to drug ingestion and believed to be drug-induced. The drugs implicated include pyrazolone derivatives, allopurinol, barbiturates, tetracycline, phenytoin, and penicillamine. Possible etiologic co-factors are infections, cancer, and the systemic lupus erythematosus diathesis. The extent of skin loss varied from 25% to almost 100% involvement of the total body surface. Seven of the fifteen patients had more than 75% epidermal loss. Three deaths were recorded (20%). From observations on these fifteen patients it was found that a single drug can cause two "reaction" patterns, namely, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (or erythema multiforme) and TEN, at the same time or at different times in one and the same patient. It is stressed that from the prognostic and therapeutic viewpoints patients with TEN may be equated to patients with extensive partial-thickness burns and should be treated in a burn unit.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antipyrine; Barbiturates; Burns; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Eruptions; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Necrosis; Penicillamine; Phenytoin; Syndrome; Tetracycline

Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bacteria; Bandages; Burns; Drug Combinations; Gentamicins; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Neomycin; Oleandomycin; Skin; Solutions; Tetracycline

Topics: Aminobutyrates; Aminoglycosides; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Burns; Carbenicillin; Chloramphenicol; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Wound Infection

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Burns; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Erythromycin; Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neomycin; Oxacillin; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Time Factors

Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Burns; Disease Models, Animal; Edetic Acid; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Tetracycline; Wound Infection

Topics: Acinetobacter; Ampicillin; Animals; Bacteria; Burns; Chloramphenicol; Escherichia coli; Humans; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Proteus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Burns; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Synergism; Humans; Kanamycin; Melioidosis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Novobiocin; Pseudomonas; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Toluene; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Animals; Burns; Depression, Chemical; Immunoglobulins; Rabbits; Staphylococcus; Stimulation, Chemical; Tetracycline; Vitamin A

Topics: Administration, Topical; Ampicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bandages; Burns; Carbenicillin; Cephaloridine; Extrachromosomal Inheritance; Gentamicins; Kanamycin; Klebsiella; Mice; Nalidixic Acid; Penicillin Resistance; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Wound Infection

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Burns; Carbenicillin; Cephaloridine; Cross Infection; Enterobacteriaceae; Extrachromosomal Inheritance; Feces; Genetic Linkage; Genetics, Microbial; Hospitals; Humans; Kanamycin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Proteus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Tetracycline; Time Factors

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Body Temperature; Burns; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Carbenicillin; Catheterization; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Erythromycin; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Infant; Kanamycin; Male; Middle Aged; Nasopharynx; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Sepsis; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Tetracycline; Urinary Catheterization; Wound Infection

Sensitivity tests with 12 antibiotics on 1,018 strains of Gram-negative bacilli isolated in a burns unit between 1969 and 1971 showed some important differences from results in similar tests on a series of strains isolated between 1965 and 1967. These changes included the emergence of a large proportion of kanamycin-resistant strains of Klebsiella aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, and Escherichia coli and of smaller proportions of trimethoprim- and gentamicin-resistant strains; also the complete replacement of Proteus mirabilis with dissociated resistance to ampicillin by strains showing linked resistance to ampicillin and carbenicillin. The probable relationship of these changes to the emergence of an R factor determining resistance to tetracycline, kanamycin, carbenicillin, ampicillin, and cephaloridine in Enterobacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is discussed.

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Burns; Carbenicillin; Cephaloridine; Enterobacter; Escherichia coli; Gentamicins; Humans; Kanamycin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Proteus mirabilis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Burns; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate; Empyema; Gentamicins; Humans; Infections; Osteomyelitis; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Sepsis; Streptomycin; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline

Topics: Bacitracin; Bacteriophage Typing; Burns; Cross Infection; Erythromycin; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neomycin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus Phages; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Virulence

Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Bacteriophage Typing; Burns; Chloramphenicol; Coagulase; Erythromycin; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Methicillin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nose; Penicillin G; Skin; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Wound Infection

Topics: Bacitracin; Burns; Chloramphenicol; Cross Infection; Erythromycin; Fusidic Acid; Humans; Methicillin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Neomycin; Nose; Novobiocin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Animals; Burns; Coloring Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Necrosis; Rats; Skin; Staining and Labeling; Tetracycline

Topics: Animals; Burns; Chloramphenicol; Disease Models, Animal; Gentamicins; Mice; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Penicillins; Phagocytosis; Plasma Substitutes; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Rats; Shock, Traumatic; Stimulation, Chemical; Tetracycline

Topics: Burns; Colistin; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Ointments; Paromomycin; Perfusion; Tetracycline

Topics: Burns; Cell Membrane Permeability; Erythrocytes; Fluoresceins; Humans; Tetracycline

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Burns; Candida; Chlortetracycline; Colistin; Erythromycin; Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Male; Neomycin; Nystatin; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Wound Infection

Topics: Adult; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Burns; Chloramphenicol; Chlortetracycline; Erythromycin; Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate; Escherichia coli; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neomycin; Novobiocin; Oleandomycin; Oxytetracycline; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Polymyxins; Proteus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus; Streptomycin; Tetracycline; Wound Infection

Topics: Burns; Fluorescence; Methods; Tetracycline; Ultraviolet Rays

Topics: Adult; Burns; Fluorescence; Humans; Infant; Methylene Blue; Tetracycline; Ultraviolet Rays; Wound Healing

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Bacteriophage Typing; Burns; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Therapy; Erythromycin; Humans; Kanamycin; Neomycin; Penicillins; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus Phages; Streptomycin; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Burns; Child; Chloramphenicol; Colistin; Erythromycin; Escherichia coli Infections; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Immune Sera; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kanamycin; Novobiocin; Polymyxins; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Salmonella Infections; Sepsis; Serum Albumin; Shigella; Sodium Chloride; Solutions; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Tetracycline; Vancomycin

The comparative value of nitrofurazone-hydrocortisone cream, of saline solution soaks and of a dry method of care in preventing or curing surface infections was studied in 86 patients. Of a total of 117 discrete lesions treated, 59 were infected, most of these being chronically infected decubital ulcers in paraplegic patients. The other lesions were burns, avulsive and wringer injuries, orthopedic surgical wounds and various abrasions. Excellent results were obtained with the nitrofurazone-hydrocortisone cream in infected lesions: infection rapidly cleared in all 37 lesions treated although only 29 healed completely and promptly. Five lesions were improved, and in three instances healing was unduly delayed. Among 22 infected lesions treated twice daily with saline solution soaks, only five were cured, two improved, seven had delayed healing, and eight had no improvement. In the non-infected wounds, saline soaks or plain dry care after surgical debridement and hexachlorophene cleansing gave results generally more comparable to those obtained in similar cases treated with the nitrofurazone-hydrocortisone cream.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Biomedical Research; Burns; Chloramphenicol; Debridement; Hexachlorophene; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Neomycin; Nitrofurazone; Ointments; Penicillins; Pressure Ulcer; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Wound Healing; Wound Infection

Topics: Abscess; Air Microbiology; Antisepsis; Bacteriological Techniques; Bacteriophage Typing; Burns; Chloramphenicol; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Empyema; Enteritis; Epidemiology; Osteomyelitis; Penicillins; Pneumonia; Postoperative Complications; Pressure Ulcer; Pyelonephritis; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus Phages; Tetracycline; Toxicology; Wound Infection

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriological Techniques; Burns; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Egg Yolk; Erythromycin; Humans; Penicillins; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus aureus; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bronchitis; Burns; Chloramphenicol; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Subacute Bacterial; Gastroenterology; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Kanamycin; Meningoencephalitis; Ophthalmia Neonatorum; Penicillins; Preventive Medicine; Rheumatic Diseases; Streptomycin; Sulfonamides; Tetracycline; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Burns; Drug Therapy; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Solutions; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Burns; Fluorescence; Humans; Inflammation; Ischemia; Myocardial Infarction; Necrosis; Neoplasms; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Burns; Erythromycin; Humans; Methicillin; Prednisolone; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Burns; Oleandomycin; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Tetracycline

Cleansing and debridement is paramount in dealing with tetanus-prone wounds (severe crushing injuries, piercing wounds, blisters and burns are outstanding examples, particularly if contaminated with dirt, grass or other debris). Prophylaxis then is relatively easy in persons who have been actively immunized by toxoid injections. For them, a "booster" injection is indicated. Use of antitoxin, however, is hazardous, whether for prophylaxis or for treatment of the disease. Since it may in itself cause severe disease, including anaphylactic reaction and serum sickness, decision to use it must be weighed against the possibility of the development of tetanus in each case. To prepare for use of it, careful history should be taken, with particular reference to sensitivity to horse dander. Dermal tests, and perhaps ophthalmic tests, for sensitivity to the serum should be carried out. Even the tests may be hazardous and precautions should be taken accordingly. If it is decided that the use of antitoxin is necessary even though the patient is sensitive to the material, desensitization must be carried out promptly, with adequate preparation for severe reaction. There is experimental evidence that antibiotics of the tetracycline group, given soon after injury, may have prophylactic effect against tetanus.

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antitoxins; Burns; Debridement; Humans; Immunization; Serum Sickness; Tetanus; Tetanus Toxoid; Tetracycline; Vaccination