saxitoxin and Pain

Voltage-gated sodium ion channel subtype 1.7 (Na

Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; NAV1.7 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; Pain; Protein Isoforms; Signal Transduction; Sodium Channel Blockers; Sulfonamides

To evaluate Neosaxitoxin (NeoSTX) as a local anesthetic drug, for pain control during and after piglet castration.. Prospective, randomized and double-blind study.. 24 commercial hybrids, males, 23-day-old piglets.. The piglets were randomized into two groups: a Lidocaine group and a NeoSTX group. One minute before castration, they were injected intra-scrotally with a single dose of Lidocaine (20 mg, in 1 mL) and NeoSTX (0.1 μg, in 1 mL), respectively.. NeoSTX does not generate vasoconstriction or scrotal contraction, unlike Lidocaine, where a decrease in temperature and scrotal size is observed within 5 min after the procedure. After 24 h, wound inflammation, as measured by scrotal size, was lower in the NeoSTX group. No significant difference could be shown between the vocalizations and facial expressions of pain of both groups during the castration procedure.. A single dose of NeoSTX is safe and effective for pain management during and after piglet castration. NeoSTX treated piglets were less affected by castration than those in the Lidocaine group, thus reducing piglet stress and enhancing the quality of piglet convalescence.

Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Inflammation; Lidocaine; Male; Orchiectomy; Pain; Prospective Studies; Random Allocation; Saxitoxin; Scrotum; Skin Temperature; Sus scrofa

Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Bupivacaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epinephrine; Humans; Hypesthesia; Pain; Pain Measurement; Saxitoxin; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

The use of gonyautoxin has been reported to be safe and effective in healing acute and chronic anal fissures. This study was designed to show better efficacy in healing patients with chronic anal fissure by increasing the frequency of toxin injection.. Twenty-three chronic anal fissure patients were treated with doses of 100 units of gonyautoxin, which was intrasphincteric, infiltrated. The frequency of injection was every 4 days. Anorectal manometries were performed before and 4 min after infiltration.. Total remissions were achieved within 7-14 days. The patients healed with a mean time of 8.2 +/- 2.4 days. No relapsed were observed during the 10-month follow up. Neither faecal incontinence nor other side effects were observed. All patients showed immediate sphincter relaxation detected by clinical examination. The maximum anal resting pressures, recorded 4 min after injections decreased to 62.9 +/- 27.7 mmHg, being 65.3 +/- 29.6% of baseline. Immediately after infiltration, patients reported anaesthetic effect with a fall down of the postdefecatory pain.. Although, gonyautoxin anal fissures treatment recently published proved to be safe and effective, this study shows a better protocol for anal fissure treatment, showing better efficacy by shorting the healing time with better perception of healing by patients. Gonyautoxin anal sphincter infiltration proves to be safe and effective, reducing discomfort and healing time, advantageously comparing with alternative therapeutic approaches for chronic anal fissure.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Chronic Disease; Female; Fissure in Ano; Humans; Male; Marine Toxins; Middle Aged; Pain; Remission Induction; Saxitoxin; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome

The Osteoarthritis is a chronic disease characterized by a progressive deterioration of the articular cartilage producing a strong inflammatory activity and chronic pain in patients. Horses also show osteoarthritis. Since the activation and progression of the disease are similar to that of human we developed a study model in horses. In this study, we test the effect of Neosaxitoxin, a phycotoxin from Paralytic Shellfish Poison, in the remediation of osteoarthritis equine clinical symptoms such as pain (showed in lameness) and inflammation quantifying the amounts of pro-inflammatory markers like cellular infiltration, TNF-alpha and nitric oxide in the synovial fluid obtained from the horse damaged joint. The outcomes show that Neosaxitoxin blocks pain for long lasting period (average 24.7 days). Furthermore, the amounts of pro-inflammatory markers were reduced and consequently an enhanced horse's well-being was obtained. Neosaxitoxin showed to be a candidate for establishing treatment protocols for OA, being safe and effective as a pain blocker in equine osteoarthritis.

Topics: Animals; Horse Diseases; Horses; Humans; Inflammation; Osteoarthritis; Pain; Poisons; Saxitoxin; Shellfish

Local anesthesia is an effective method to control pain. Neosaxitoxin is a phycotoxin whose molecular mechanism includes a reversible inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels at the axonal level, impeding nerve impulse propagation. The present study was designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Neosaxitoxin as a local long-acting pain blocker in horse bucked shins, and it was found to effectively control pain. While Neosaxitoxin and Gonyautoxin, another Paralytic Shellfish Poison (PSP) toxin, have been successfully used in humans as long-lasting pain blockers, this finding marks the first time a PSP has been shown to have an established effect in veterinary medicine.

Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Horse Diseases; Horses; Infusions, Subcutaneous; Lameness, Animal; Pain; Periostitis; Saxitoxin

Improvements in pain management techniques in the last decade have had a major impact on the practice of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Gonyautoxin are phycotoxins, whose molecular mechanism of action is a reversible block of the voltage-gated sodium channels at the axonal level, impeding nerve impulse propagation. This study was designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Gonyautoxin infiltration, as a long acting pain blocker in TKA. Fifteen patients received a total dose of 40 μg of Gonyautoxin during the TKA operation. Postoperatively, all patients were given a standard painkiller protocol: 100 mg of intravenous ketoprofen and 1000 mg of oral acetaminophen every 8 hours for 3 days. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain score and range of motion were recorded 12, 36, and 60 hours post-surgery. All patients reported pain of 2 or less on the VAS 12 and 36 hours post-surgery. Moreover, all scored were less than 4 at 60 hours post-surgery. All patients achieved full knee extension at all times. No side effects or adverse reactions to Gonyautoxin were detected in the follow-up period. The median hospital stay was 3 days. For the first time, this study has shown the effect of blocking the neuronal transmission of pain by locally infiltrating Gonyautoxin during TKA. All patients successfully responded to the pain control. The Gonyautoxin infiltration was safe and effective, and patients experienced pain relief without the use of opioids.

Topics: Aged; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Range of Motion, Articular; Saxitoxin