rifampin and Mastitis

Topics: Adult; Bacteremia; Brucellosis; Female; Humans; Mastitis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Rifampin; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Ultrasonography

A 2-year, 7-month-old female Chihuahua was admitted for a mammary mass measuring one cm in diameter. The dog had a history of demodicosis for 4 months and showed signs of pseudopregnancy at the time of the visit. Cytologic examination of an aspirate of the mass revealed a large number of macrophages containing nonstaining bacterial rods, which were acid-fast in a Ziehl-Neelsen stain, suggesting mycobacterial infection. Histologic examination of the mass revealed a pyogranulomatous mastitis characterized by an infiltration with macrophages containing acid-fast bacteria. Mycobacterium kansasii was subsequently cultured and identified by PCR. Surgical excision of the mass resulted in the growth of other dermal masses, but antimycobacterial treatment with rifampin and clarithromycin resolved these masses within 1 month. Three months after discontinuation of the treatment, similar organisms were found in aspirates of the enlarged bilateral inguinal lymph nodes by cytologic examination. Despite antimycobacterial treatment for another 4 months, there was no improvement and demodicosis also recurred. The dog eventually died of lymphoma 5 months after the relapse of mycobacterial infection. Although M kansasii is considered an important pathogen for pulmonary and cutaneous disease in people, there is only one report in a dog with an infection in a pleural effusion. As both adult-onset demodicosis in dogs as well as mycobacterial infection in people have been associated with T-lymphocyte deficiency, the M kansasii infection in this dog may have been associated with a condition of immune compromise.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Clarithromycin; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Lung; Lymphoma; Macrophages; Mammary Glands, Human; Mastitis; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium kansasii; Rifampin

The breast infection by M tuberculosis is rare, when it occurs, clinical and histologically confused with other forms of granulomatous inflammation, making it essential to use other diagnostic methods also may be negative. We report a patient with fimica mastitis that originally was treated as idiopathic granulomatous mastitis with apparent satisfactory clinical response. However, frequent relapses forced to look for other etiologies. Fortunately, the PCR showed the cause and was managed with specific treatment with disappearance of the disease. Clinical suspicion should be in mind when faced with a case like ours.

Topics: Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Diagnostic Errors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ethambutol; Female; Granulomatous Mastitis; Humans; Isoniazid; Mastitis; Methotrexate; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prednisone; Pyrazinamide; Recurrence; Rifampin; Tuberculosis

To study the etiology, clinical and pathologic characteristics of periductal mastitis with fistula and estimate the effect of anti-mycobacterial agents for periductal mastitis with fistula.. Totally 27 patients of periductal mastitis with fistula received anti-mycobacteria drugs therapy from December 2008 to September 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. All of the patients were female. The mean age at onset was 28 years (range 15 to 40 years old). The main clinical manifestation of the 27 patients was breast fistula, including 21 patients with single fistula and 6 patients with multiple fistula. Three patients manifested with pure fistula, 14 patients with both fistula and lump, 10 patients with fistula, lump and abscess. The samples including pus or tissues of all patients were underwent bacteria culture and all patients core needle biopsy. All patients were given primary anti-mycobacteria drugs therapy, parts of patients received surgery based on the evaluation of medical treatment.. The common bacteria culture of all patients failed to demonstrate any causative microorganism. Four cases were selected randomly to undergo PCR of mycobacteria, only one case was identified as Massiliense in bacteria culture of mycobacteria. Twenty-seven patients with periductal mastitis with fistula were treated with anti-mycobacterial agents (isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol or pyrazinamide of triple oral drugs) for 1 to 3 months, the fistula of all 27 patients were closed well. Sixteen patients were treated with the agents only and cured. Eleven patients received surgical treatment after treated with the medical agents. None of the patients were given mastectomy. All patients had no reccurence until now.. The periductal mastitis with fistula has a closely relationship with the infection of nontuberculosis mycobacteria. Those patients could be treated with triple anti-mycobacterial agents and could also avoided mastectomy.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ethambutol; Female; Fistula; Humans; Isoniazid; Mastitis; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Pyrazinamide; Retrospective Studies; Rifampin; Young Adult

Breast involvement of brucella can be frequently detected in animals, however, it is extremely rare in humans. Clinical findings and complications may cause difficulties in diagnosis. We report the case of a 52-year old woman with bilateral brucella mastitis, which is difficult to differentiate from inflammatory breast carcinoma.

Topics: Brucellosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Doxycycline; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Mammography; Mastitis; Middle Aged; Rifampin

To present our 20 years experience of tuberculosis of the breast.. Retrospective study.. Teaching hospital, Turkey.. 9 women with tuberculous mastitis.. Cure.. All cases underwent frozen section and excision. One required a simple mastectomy because of the extent of destruction; the remainder underwent lumpectomy. All patients were given rifampicin, ethambutol, and isoniazid, and the three who had tuberculosis of other organs were also treated with streptomycin. Mean follow up was 87 months (range 6-178) and two patients were lost to follow up, at three and six years, respectively. Histological examination showed the presence of tubercle and central caseation in 8 cases and granulomatous infiltration in one.. Tuberculous mastitis is rare, and should be suspected in any woman with persistent breast abscesses and sinuses, particularly if she lives in an area from which tuberculosis has not been eradicated. Conservative surgery and antituberculous drugs are the treatment of choice.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antitubercular Agents; Combined Modality Therapy; Ethambutol; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Isoniazid; Mastectomy, Segmental; Mastitis; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Rifampin; Streptomycin; Tuberculosis

The activities of a range of antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus organisms that survive within bovine neutrophils in vitro were studied in mice. Cloxacillin, floxacillin, and cephradine failed to kill intracellular staphylococci but increased the organisms' sensitivity to killing by lysostaphin after neutrophil disruption. Fusidate and clindamycin caused an apparent small reduction in viable intraleukocytic S aureus, whereas novobiocin did not demonstrate intracellular activity. Substantial intracellular bactericidal effects were shown in vitro by rifampin and rifamycin SV, even at concentrations in slight excess of the minimum inhibitory concentration. In a mouse model of chronic mastitis, intramammary therapy with rifampin was more effective in reducing viable S aureus in infected glands than was therapy with rifamycin SV.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cloxacillin; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Leukocytes; Lysostaphin; Mastitis; Mastitis, Bovine; Mice; Neutrophils; Penicillin Resistance; Pregnancy; Rifampin; Rifamycins; Rodent Diseases; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus

Cloxacillin effectively killed Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in experimental acute mastitis in the mouse, but was ineffective in reducing bacterial counts in those with experimental chronic mastitis. Rifampicin was similarly bactericidal for staphylococci in vitro and in acute mastitis but it also significantly reduced numbers of viable bacteria in chronic mastitis. Exposure of multiplying staphylococci in vitro and in vivo to rifampicin alone led to the emergence of resistant bacteria, but this was prevented by the use of a combination of rifampicin with cloxacillin. This combination showed neither antagonism nor synergy in vitro, was more effective than either antibiotic alone in acute mastitis and killed S aureus in the chronic infection as effectively as rifampicin alone.

Topics: Animals; Cloxacillin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mastitis; Mice; Penicillin Resistance; Pregnancy; Rifampin; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Humans; Mastitis; Middle Aged; Postoperative Care; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Preoperative Care; Puerperal Infection; Pyelitis; Rifampin