purine and Gout studies

1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.
3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.
9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.
7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine.

Gout: Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Recently it has been identified that hypertension are frequently associated with myogenic hyperuricemia converted from overproduced hypoxanthine in the skeletal muscles."	8.84	[Idiopathic hyperuricemia with overproduction of uric acid]. ( Hisatome, I; Igawa, O; Mizuta, E, 2008)
"Patients with system lupus erythematosus, rheumatic arthritis, chronic active hepatitis and gout were found to have considerable hyperuricemia and be decreased in aminoacides content, which are the predecessors of purine."	7.73	[Hyperuricemia and disorders in content of amino acids-purine precursors in patients with autoimmune diseases and gout]. ( Anan'eva, MN; Dubiaga, VV; Nikolenko, IuI; Nikolenko, VIu; Shchukin, IN; Siniachenko, OV, 2005)
"Various purine-rich foods and high protein intake have long been thought to be risk factors for gout."	7.72	Purine-rich foods, dairy and protein intake, and the risk of gout in men. ( Atkinson, K; Choi, HK; Curhan, G; Karlson, EW; Willett, W, 2004)
"Ten women with crystal-proved primary gout and normal serum creatinine levels (below 116 mmol/L) were studied while they were on a purine-restricted diet and taking no medications known to influence uric acid metabolism."	7.69	Purine metabolism in women with primary gout. ( de Miguel, E; Gil, AA; Mateos, FA; Miranda, ME; Pérez de Ayala, C; Puig, JG; Torres, RJ, 1994)
" Recently it has been identified that hypertension are frequently associated with myogenic hyperuricemia converted from overproduced hypoxanthine in the skeletal muscles."	4.84	[Idiopathic hyperuricemia with overproduction of uric acid]. ( Hisatome, I; Igawa, O; Mizuta, E, 2008)
"Low-purine food is not only the focus of gout patients, but also the focus of contemporary green diet development."	3.96	Effect of allicin and its mechanism of action in purine removal in turbot. ( Li, J; Li, Q; Li, T; Ren, L; Song, M; Wang, D, 2020)
"The purine contents of animal foods are becoming widely concerned because excess intake of purine increases the risk of hyperuricemia and gout."	3.88	Effects of breeds, tissues and genders on purine contents in pork and the relationships between purine content and other meat quality traits. ( Huang, L; Huang, Y; Ji, J; Ma, J; Xiao, S; Zheng, M, 2018)
"The purine contents of alcoholic beverages were determined in order to utilize them in the dietary care of gout and hyperuricemia."	3.75	Determination of purine contents of alcoholic beverages using high performance liquid chromatography. ( Fujimori, S; Kaneko, K; Yamanobe, T, 2009)
"Patients with system lupus erythematosus, rheumatic arthritis, chronic active hepatitis and gout were found to have considerable hyperuricemia and be decreased in aminoacides content, which are the predecessors of purine."	3.73	[Hyperuricemia and disorders in content of amino acids-purine precursors in patients with autoimmune diseases and gout]. ( Anan'eva, MN; Dubiaga, VV; Nikolenko, IuI; Nikolenko, VIu; Shchukin, IN; Siniachenko, OV, 2005)
"Various purine-rich foods and high protein intake have long been thought to be risk factors for gout."	3.72	Purine-rich foods, dairy and protein intake, and the risk of gout in men. ( Atkinson, K; Choi, HK; Curhan, G; Karlson, EW; Willett, W, 2004)
"Ten women with crystal-proved primary gout and normal serum creatinine levels (below 116 mmol/L) were studied while they were on a purine-restricted diet and taking no medications known to influence uric acid metabolism."	3.69	Purine metabolism in women with primary gout. ( de Miguel, E; Gil, AA; Mateos, FA; Miranda, ME; Pérez de Ayala, C; Puig, JG; Torres, RJ, 1994)
"The characteristic phenomena of acute gouty arthritis are acute arthritis in a middle-aged male, associated with serum uric acid above 6 mg."	3.63	Diagnosis and treatment of gouty arthritis. ( TALBOTT, JH, 1953)
"Gout is among the most common causes of acute monoarticular arthritis."	2.43	Purine metabolism and hyperuricemic states. 'The point of view of the rheumatologist'. ( Peronato, G, 2005)
"Gout is the typical feature of GAstrV infection in goslings."	1.56	Goose astrovirus infection affects uric acid production and excretion in goslings. ( Bao, E; Lv, Y; Wu, W; Xu, R, 2020)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	26 (50.98)	18.7374
1990's	4 (7.84)	18.2507
2000's	13 (25.49)	29.6817
2010's	2 (3.92)	24.3611
2020's	6 (11.76)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Fukuuchi, T	2
Itahashi, I	1
Takayanagi, F	2
Yamaoka, N	2
Kaneko, K	3
Sabolová, M	1
Kulma, M	1
Petříčková, D	1
Kletečková, K	1
Kouřimská, L	1
Jia, Q	1
Yang, Z	1
Wang, Q	1
Yang, H	1
Tang, X	1
Zhang, H	1
Cao, L	1
Zhang, G	2
Wu, W	1
Xu, R	1
Lv, Y	1
Bao, E	1
Yasuda, M	1
Mawatari, KI	1
Fujimori, S	2
Li, T	1
Ren, L	1
Wang, D	2
Song, M	1
Li, Q	1
Li, J	1
Zheng, M	1
Huang, Y	1
Ji, J	1
Xiao, S	1
Ma, J	1
Huang, L	1
Rong, S	1
Zou, L	1
Zhang, Y	1
Li, X	1
Li, M	1
Yang, F	1
Li, C	1
He, Y	1
Guan, H	1
Guo, Y	1
Cui, X	1
Ye, H	1
Liu, F	1
Pan, H	1
Yang, Y	1
Yamanobe, T	1
Hayman, S	1
Marcason, W	1
Yamamoto, T	2
Iwatani, M	1
Morisaki, T	1
GUTMAN, AB	3
YU, TF	3
TALBOTT, JH	2
WEISSMANN, B	2
WYNGAARDEN, JB	2
LUCCHELLI, PE	1
CROSTI, PF	1
BEGUIRISTAIN, MA	1
GARDA, EA	1
BISHOP, C	1
RANKINE, DM	1
HITCHINGS, GH	1
FRANCOMANERA, R	1
GASPARDY, G	1
SCHULHOF, O	1
VIDA, M	1
RIVERA, JV	1
DELBARRE, F	2
ROBECCHI, A	1
HALL, AP	1
HOLLOWAY, VP	1
SCOTT, JT	1
GALMICHE, P	1
ALVSAKER, JO	1
AUSCHER, C	1
LABROUSSE, C	1
GERYA, DE	1
KLINENBERG, JR	2
GOLDFINGER, SE	1
SEEGMILLER, JE	2
GOLDFINGER, S	1
SEGAL, S	1
BRAMIGK, F	1
Johnson, RJ	1
Rideout, BA	1
Choi, HK	2
Atkinson, K	1
Karlson, EW	1
Willett, W	1
Curhan, G	1
Peronato, G	1
Nikolenko, IuI	1
Siniachenko, OV	1
Anan'eva, MN	1
Nikolenko, VIu	1
Dubiaga, VV	1
Shchukin, IN	1
Mount, DB	1
Reginato, AM	1
Taniguchi, A	1
Kamatani, N	1
Mizuta, E	1
Igawa, O	1
Hisatome, I	1
Wisner, DE	1
Simkin, PA	1
Gutensohn, W	1
Nuki, G	1
MacDermot, KD	1
Allsop, J	1
Watts, RW	1
Puig, JG	1
Mateos, FA	1
Miranda, ME	1
Torres, RJ	1
de Miguel, E	1
Pérez de Ayala, C	1
Gil, AA	1
Higashino, K	1
Moriwaki, Y	1
Curto, R	1
Voit, EO	1
Cascante, M	1
Nishioka, K	1
Kummer, H	1

Trial	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Dietary Interventions Evaluating Transport of Uric Acid Across the Tubules[NCT00474396]	59 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-04-30	Completed
A Three Arms, Randomized, Double-blind Controlled Trial of the Efficacy of Amway Uric Acid Lowering Product on Hyperuricemia[NCT06084585]	180 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-23	Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Article	Year
[Effect of foods on serum uric acid level]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2003, Volume: 61 Suppl 1 Topics: Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Dietary Proteins; Drinking; Food; Food Analysis; Gout; Hu	2003
[Effect of ethanol on uric acid level]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2003, Volume: 61 Suppl 1 Topics: Acetaldehyde; Animals; Erythrocytes; Ethanol; Gout; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Purines; Pyrazinamide; Ur	2003
[Diet therapy for management of hyperuricemia and gout]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2003, Volume: 61 Suppl 1 Topics: Adult; Alcoholic Beverages; Diet, Reducing; Gout; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Male; Obesity; Purines; Tem	2003
[Animal models for abnormal purine metabolism]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2003, Volume: 61 Suppl 1 Topics: Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase; Adenosine Deaminase; AMP Deaminase; Animals; Disease Models, Anim	2003
[DISEASES OF THE METABOLISM OF PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES]. Revista clinica espanola, 1963, Aug-31, Volume: 90 Topics: Gout; Humans; Metabolic Diseases; Orotic Acid; Purines; Pyrimidines; Uric Acid; Urine; Xanthines	1963
Purine metabolism and hyperuricemic states. 'The point of view of the rheumatologist'. Contributions to nephrology, 2005, Volume: 147 Topics: Gout; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Purines	2005
Pathogenesis of gout. Annals of internal medicine, 2005, Oct-04, Volume: 143, Issue:7 Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Crystallization; Diet; Gout; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Inflammation; Insulin R	2005
[Genetic testing and gene-based testing for hyperuricemia and gout]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2005, Volume: 63 Suppl 12 Topics: Carrier Proteins; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Gout; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyl	2005
[Idiopathic hyperuricemia with overproduction of uric acid]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2008, Volume: 66, Issue:4 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Gout; Humans; Hypertension; Hyperuricemia; Hypoxanthine; Muscle, Skeletal;	2008
Human purine metabolism: some recent advances and relationships with immunodeficiency. Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 1983, Volume: 42 Suppl 1 Topics: Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase; Adenosine Deaminase; Glycogen Storage Disease Type I; Gout; Human	1983
[Pharmacological agents affecting uric acid metabolism]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1996, Volume: 54, Issue:12 Topics: Allopurinol; Diuretics; Fructose; Gout; Gout Suppressants; Humans; Inosine; Kidney Diseases; Niacin;	1996
[New concept of the pathogenesis of gout and hyperuricemia]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1991, Volume: 49, Issue:5 Topics: Energy Metabolism; Gout; Purines; Uric Acid	1991

Article	Year
Determination of total purine and free purine content in milk, soymilk, and enteral nutritional supplements to assist nutritional therapy for hyperuricemia and gout. Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids, 2022, Volume: 41, Issue:12 Topics: Aged; Animals; Gout; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Milk; Purines; Uric Acid	2022
Changes in purine and uric acid content in edible insects during culinary processing. Food chemistry, 2023, Mar-01, Volume: 403 Topics: Animals; Edible Insects; Gout; Gryllidae; Humans; Insecta; Purines; Uric Acid; Xanthine	2023
A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for comprehensive determination of metabolites in the purine pathway of rat plasma and its application in anti-gout effects of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. Journal of separation science, 2023, Volume: 46, Issue:21 Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Gouty; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Gout; Lycium; Purines; Rats; Tandem	2023
Goose astrovirus infection affects uric acid production and excretion in goslings. Poultry science, 2020, Volume: 99, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Astroviridae Infections; Avastrovirus; Avian Proteins; Carrier Proteins; Disease Models, An	2020
Determination of total purine and purine base content of 80 food products to aid nutritional therapy for gout and hyperuricemia. Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids, 2020, Volume: 39, Issue:10-12 Topics: Food Analysis; Gout; Hyperuricemia; Purines	2020
Effect of allicin and its mechanism of action in purine removal in turbot. Journal of food science, 2020, Volume: 85, Issue:10 Topics: Adsorption; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cooking; Disulfides; Flatfishes; Food Han	2020
Effects of breeds, tissues and genders on purine contents in pork and the relationships between purine content and other meat quality traits. Meat science, 2018, Volume: 143 Topics: Adipose Tissue, White; Animals; Animals, Inbred Strains; China; Crosses, Genetic; Dietary Fats; Fema	2018
Determination of purine contents in different parts of pork and beef by high performance liquid chromatography. Food chemistry, 2015, Mar-01, Volume: 170 Topics: Animals; Cattle; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Gout; Hyperuricemia; Meat; Purines; Red Meat;	2015
Determination of purine contents of alcoholic beverages using high performance liquid chromatography. Biomedical chromatography : BMC, 2009, Volume: 23, Issue:8 Topics: Alcoholic Beverages; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Gout; Guanine Deaminase; Humans; Hyperuri	2009
Gout: is a purine-restricted diet still recommended? Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 2009, Volume: 109, Issue:9 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Evidence-Based Medicine; Gout; Humans; Purines; Treatment Outcome; Uric Acid	2009
Gout, a derangement of purine metabolism. Advances in internal medicine, 1952, Volume: 5 Topics: Gout; Humans; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Purines	1952
Diagnosis and treatment of gouty arthritis. California medicine, 1953, Volume: 79, Issue:3 Topics: Arthritis; Arthritis, Gouty; Colchicine; Gout; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Male; Middle Aged; Probenecid;	1953
The concept of secondary gout; relation to purine metabolism in polycythemia and myeloid metaplasia. Transactions of the Association of American Physicians, 1956, Volume: 69 Topics: Anemia, Myelophthisic; Gout; Humans; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Polycythemia; Primary Myelofibros	1956
The concept of secondary gout; relation to purine metabolism in polycythemia and myeloid metaplasia. Transactions of the Association of American Physicians, 1956, Volume: 69 Topics: Anemia, Myelophthisic; Gout; Humans; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Polycythemia; Primary Myelofibros	1956
The concept of secondary gout; relation to purine metabolism in polycythemia and myeloid metaplasia. Transactions of the Association of American Physicians, 1956, Volume: 69 Topics: Anemia, Myelophthisic; Gout; Humans; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Polycythemia; Primary Myelofibros	1956
The concept of secondary gout; relation to purine metabolism in polycythemia and myeloid metaplasia. Transactions of the Association of American Physicians, 1956, Volume: 69 Topics: Anemia, Myelophthisic; Gout; Humans; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Polycythemia; Primary Myelofibros	1956
Intermediary purine metabolism and the metabolic defects of gout. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 1957, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Gout; Humans; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Purines	1957
[Excretion of purine bodies in urine in subjects of gout; chromatographic and spectrophotometric study]. Reumatismo, 1958, Volume: 10, Issue:Supp 2 Topics: Gout; Humans; Purines	1958
[Nutrition in gout. Purine-free and low-purine diet]. La Semana medica, 1961, Jul-24, Volume: 119 Topics: Diet; Gout; Humans; Nutrition Assessment; Purines	1961
Purine metabolism in blood of gouty humans. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 1961, Volume: 10 Topics: Gout; Humans; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Purines	1961
SUMMARY OF INFORMAL DISCUSSION ON THE ROLE OF PURINE ANTAGONISTS. Cancer research, 1963, Volume: 23 Topics: Antimetabolites; Gout; Humans; Leukemia; Mercaptopurine; Pharmacology; Psoriasis; Purines; Pyrazoles	1963
[OUR EXPERIENCES WITH THE TREATMENT OF GOUT]. Orvosi hetilap, 1964, Apr-26, Volume: 105 Topics: Blood Chemical Analysis; Body Fluids; Colchicine; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Dietary Prote	1964
EXHIBIT ON GOUT. Boletin de la Asociacion Medica de Puerto Rico, 1964, Volume: 56 Topics: Colchicine; Exhibitions as Topic; Gout; Humans; Metabolism; Probenecid; Purines; Sulfinpyrazone; Uri	1964
NEW PROSPECTS IN THE TREATMENT OF GOUTY DYSPURINIA. Archives of interamerican rheumatology : A.I.R, 1964, Volume: 7 Topics: Azaserine; Blood; Drug Therapy; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gout; Leucine; Metabolism; Orotic Acid; Oxidoredu	1964
[CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY OF GOUT]. Minerva medica, 1964, Oct-17, Volume: 55 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Drug Therapy; Gout; Humans; Indoles; Indometha	1964
4-HYDROXYPYRAZOLO (3,4-D) PYRIMIDINE (HPP) IN THE TREATMENT OF GOUT: PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 1964, Volume: 23 Topics: Blood; Colchicine; Diet; Diet Therapy; Drug Therapy; Enzyme Inhibitors; Geriatrics; Gout; Humans; Pr	1964
[THE PRACTITIONER AND THE PATIENT WITH GOUT]. La Presse medicale, 1965, Apr-03, Volume: 73 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Antipyretics; Colchicine; Diagnosis;	1965
URIC ACID IN HUMAN PLASMA. I. INVESTIGATIONS ON THE PRESENCE OF PURINES IN HUMAN BLOOD. Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation, 1965, Volume: 17 Topics: Blood; Colorimetry; Gout; Humans; Hypoxanthines; Leukemia; Liver Cirrhosis; Oxidoreductases; Purines	1965
[TREATMENT OF GOUTY DYSPURINIA BY PARAMETABOLITES AND, ESPECIALLY, BY A XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR]. La Presse medicale, 1965, May-01, Volume: 73 Topics: Drug Therapy; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gout; Humans; Purines; Pyrimidines; Spectrophotometry; Urine; Xanth	1965
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR ALLOPURINOL IN THE TREATMENT OF GOUT. Annals of internal medicine, 1965, Volume: 62 Topics: Allopurinol; Blood Chemical Analysis; Drug Therapy; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gout; Humans; Metabolism; Pur	1965
THE RENAL EXCRETION OF OXYPURINES. The Journal of clinical investigation, 1965, Volume: 44 Topics: Enzyme Inhibitors; Fluids and Secretions; Gout; Hypoxanthines; Kidney; Pharmacology; Physiology; Pro	1965
Plasma glutamine and oxypurine content in patients with gout. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.), 1955, Volume: 88, Issue:3 Topics: Blood; Glutamine; Gout; Humans; Plasma; Purines	1955
Impressions of gout. Journal - Michigan State Medical Society, 1950, Volume: 49, Issue:11 Topics: Gout; Humans; Purines; Social Behavior; Uric Acid	1950
Uric acid and diet--insights into the epidemic of cardiovascular disease. The New England journal of medicine, 2004, Mar-11, Volume: 350, Issue:11 Topics: Dairy Products; Diet; Dietary Proteins; Female; Gout; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century;	2004
Purine-rich foods, dairy and protein intake, and the risk of gout in men. The New England journal of medicine, 2004, Mar-11, Volume: 350, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Biological Availability; Body Mass Index; Dairy Products; Diet; Diet	2004
[Hyperuricemia and disorders in content of amino acids-purine precursors in patients with autoimmune diseases and gout]. Likars'ka sprava, 2005, Issue:4 Topics: Amino Acids; Autoimmune Diseases; Gout; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Lipid Peroxides; Purines; Uric Acid;	2005
Management of gout and hyperuricemia. Primary care, 1984, Volume: 11, Issue:2 Topics: Allopurinol; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Colchicine; Gout; Humans; Indomethacin; Kidney; Patient Educa	1984
Inherited disorders of purine metabolism--underlying molecular mechanisms. Klinische Wochenschrift, 1984, Oct-15, Volume: 62, Issue:20 Topics: Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase; Adenosine Deaminase; Gout; Humans; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltra	1984
The rate of purine synthesis de nova in blood mononuclear cells in vitro from patients with familial hyperuricaemic nephropathy. Clinical science (London, England : 1979), 1984, Volume: 67, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Erythrocytes; Female; Gout; Humans; Kidney Disease	1984
Purine metabolism in women with primary gout. The American journal of medicine, 1994, Volume: 97, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Creatinine; Female; Gout; Humans; Hypoxanthine; Hypoxanthines; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective	1994
Analysis of abnormalities in purine metabolism leading to gout and to neurological dysfunctions in man. The Biochemical journal, 1998, Feb-01, Volume: 329 ( Pt 3) Topics: Adenylosuccinate Lyase; Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP Deaminase; Gout; Humans; Hypoxanthine Phosph	1998
[Hyperuricemia: explain, ignore or treat?]. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 1986, Jun-14, Volume: 116, Issue:24 Topics: Coronary Disease; Female; Gout; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney Calculi; Male; Purines; Risk; Uric Acid	1986

purine and Gout

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