jwh-133 and Sepsis

To investigate the protective effect of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) activation against acute lung injury in rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis and explore the underlying mechanism.. The rat models of sepsis showed severe damage of alveolar structures with significantly decreased fluid clearance rate, lowered pulmonary expressions of CB2, occludin and ZO-1 mRNA and proteins, increased water content in the lung tissue, and increased phosphorylation level of P38 MAPK and TNF-α and IL-1β levels in lung lavage fluid (all. In rats with LPS-induced sepsis, activation of CB2 can inhibit the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, reduce the release of inflammatory factors in the lung tissues, promote tight junction protein expressions, and thus offer protection against acute lung injury.

Topics: Acute Lung Injury; Animals; Cannabinoids; Lipopolysaccharides; Lung; Occludin; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; Receptors, Cannabinoid; RNA, Messenger; Sepsis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Water

Uncontrolled infection and increased inflammatory mediators might cause systemic inflammatory response. It is already known that Cannabinoid Type 2 (CB2) receptors, which are commonly expressed in immune cells and in many other tissues, have an effect on the regulation of immune response. In the present study of ours, the effects of CB2 receptor agonist JWH-133 was investigated on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced polymicrobial sepsis model in rats. In the present study, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups (i.e. the Sham, CLP, JWH-133 0.2 mg/kg, JWH-133 1 mg/kg, and JWH-133 5 mg/kg Groups). Except for the Sham Group, the CLP-induced sepsis model was applied to all groups. The histopathological damage in brain, lung, liver and, heart was examined and the caspase-3, p-NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels were determined immunohistochemically. The serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 levels were examined with the ELISA Method. The JWH-133 treatment decreased the histopathological damage in brain, heart, lung, and liver and reduced the caspase-3, p-NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 levels in these tissues. In addition to this, JWH-133 treatment also decreased the serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 levels, which were increased due to CLP, and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels. In the present study, it was determined that the CB2 receptor agonist JWH-133 decreases the CLP-induced inflammation, and reduces the damage in brain, lung, liver and heart. Our findings show the therapeutic potential of the activation of CB2 receptors with JWH-133 in sepsis.

Topics: Animals; Brain; Cannabinoids; Cecum; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Heart; Ligation; Liver; Lung; Male; Myocardium; NF-kappa B; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; Sepsis

BACKGROUND Cannabinoid (CB) receptors are involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal (GI) motility under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. We aimed to characterize the possible influence of CB(1) and CB(2) receptors on motility impairment in a model of septic ileus. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections were used to mimic pathophysiological features of septic ileus. Spontaneous jejunal myoelectrical activity was measured in rats in vivo, and upper GI transit was measured in vivo by gavaging of a charcoal marker into the stomach of mice, in absence or presence of LPS, and CB(1) and CB(2) receptor agonists and antagonists. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histology was performed with haematoxylin-eosin staining. KEY RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide treatment significantly reduced amplitude and frequency of myoelectric spiking activity and GI transit in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. TNF-alpha and IL-6 were increased in LPS-treated animals and histology showed oedema and cell infiltration. Both, the CB(1) agonist HU210 and the CB(2) agonist JWH133 reduced myoelectrical activity whereas the CB(1) antagonist AM251 caused an increase of myoelectrical activity. Pretreatment with AM251 or AM630 prevented against LPS-induced reduction of myoelectrical activity, and also against the delay of GI transit during septic ileus in vivo. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The LPS model of septic ileus impairs jejunal myoelectrical activity and delays GI transit in vivo. Antagonists at the CB(1) receptor or the CB(2) receptor prevent the delay of GI transit and thus may be powerful tools in the future treatment of septic ileus.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cannabinoids; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dronabinol; Electrophysiology; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Gastrointestinal Motility; Gastrointestinal Transit; Ileus; Interleukin-6; Jejunal Diseases; Jejunum; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Piperidines; Pyrazoles; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; Sepsis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha