colistin and Edema

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUTs) occur in 3-6 per 1000 live births, accounting for most cases of paediatric end-stage kidney disease.

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child, Preschool; Colistin; Diagnosis, Differential; Edema; Epididymitis; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Orchitis; Ureter; Urethra

Multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes the type of acute lung injury that is strongly associated with bacteremia, sepsis, and mortality, especially under immunocompromised conditions. Although administration of immunoglobulin solution is an applicable immunotherapy in immunocompromised patients, efficacy of immunoglobulin administration against multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa pneumonia has not been well evaluated. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of prophylactic administration of immunoglobulin solution (IVIG) in comparison with that of other types of antimicrobial agents, such as anti-PcrV IgG, piperacillin/tazobactam, or colistin in an immunocompromised mouse model of P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Colistin was the most effective agent for preventing acute lung injury, bacteremia, cytokinemia, and sepsis. Among the four tested antimicrobial agents, after colistin, anti-PcrV IgG and IVIG were the most effective at protecting mice from mortality. Piperacillin/tazobactam did not prevent acute lung injury or bacteremia; rather, it worsened lung histology. The data suggest that using an agent for which a positive result in an in vitro susceptibility test has been obtained may not always prevent acute lung injury in a leukopenic host infected with P. aeruginosa. Clinicians should consider the possibility of discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo tests because the absence of in vitro bactericidal activity in an antimicrobial agent is not always a reliable predictor of its lack of ability to eradicate bacteria in vivo, even in immunocompromised hosts. Based on our findings, the potential protective effects of IVIG against the acute lung injury induced by P. aeruginosa should be reevaluated.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Temperature; Colistin; Cytokines; Edema; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Leukopenia; Lung; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Penicillanic Acid; Peroxidase; Piperacillin; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis; Protective Agents; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Tazobactam

Two rare species of Pseudomonas were isolated from corneal ulcers in two patients. In the first case P. acidovorans was isolated and suspected as the primary pathogenic microorganism in human disease. In the second case P. stutzeri was isolated from ocular sources, but this is the first report of its role in causing corneal disease. The patient in the second case had a scarred cornea, possibly caused by a previous herpetic infection, and this may have been a predisposing factor to the development of the infection by P. stutzeri. Susceptibility studies of both organisms revealed sensitivity to a wide range of antibiotics but resistance to carbenicillin, a drug currently used in the treatment of infections from P. aeruginosa.

Topics: Abscess; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbenicillin; Colistin; Corneal Ulcer; Edema; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Male; Middle Aged; Penicillin Resistance; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas Infections

Topics: Albuminuria; Colistin; Eczema; Edema; Fever; gamma-Globulins; Humans; Infant; Kanamycin; Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption; Male; Neurologic Manifestations; Oxacillin; Smallpox Vaccine; Staphylococcal Infections; Thiosemicarbazones; Vaccinia virus

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Child; Child, Preschool; Colistin; Cornea; Corneal Ulcer; Dogs; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Synergism; Edema; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Ophthalmic Solutions; Panophthalmitis; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas Infections; Rats; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus