Page last updated: 2024-10-25

clonidine and Ache

clonidine has been researched along with Ache in 318 studies

Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.
clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"Background and Purpose- Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is an effective treatment for managing patients with severe poststroke spasticity, who can experience continued pain and decline in their quality of life (QoL)."9.27Effect of Intrathecal Baclofen on Pain and Quality of Life in Poststroke Spasticity. ( Abouihia, A; Calabrese, A; Cloud, G; Creamer, M; Francisco, GE; Kossmehl, P; Saltuari, L; Ward, AB; Wissel, J; Yochelson, M; Zampolini, M, 2018)
"This double-blind randomized controlled study was designed to evaluate the analgesic effects of topical treatments with clonidine (CLON) and pentoxifylline (PTX) tested alone or as low- and high-dose combinations in a human experimental model of pain."9.22Effects of topical combinations of clonidine and pentoxifylline on capsaicin-induced allodynia and postcapsaicin tourniquet-induced pain in healthy volunteers: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study. ( Bennett, GJ; Bley, K; Coderre, TJ; Gandhi, W; Laferrière, A; Ragavendran, JV; Schweinhardt, P; Ware, MA, 2016)
"We investigated pain evoked activity in the human secondary sensory cortex (SII) following clonidine administration in six healthy volunteers using multi-channel magnetoencephalography (MEG)."9.12Clonidine effects on pain evoked SII activity in humans. ( Bischoff, P; Bromm, B; Hauck, M; Lorenz, J; Morrow, TJ; Schmidt, G; Zimmermann, R, 2006)
"To evaluate the effects of clonidine and ephedrine on propofol-induced pain and on hemodynamic changes during the induction sequence."9.12Clonidine-ephedrine combination reduces pain on injection of propofol and blunts hemodynamic stress responses during the induction sequence. ( Fukushima, H; Furuya, A; Ishiyama, T; Kashimoto, S; Kumazawa, T; Oguchi, T, 2006)
"Clonidine premedication prevents tourniquet pain and reduces sympathetic nerve activity."9.11Oral clonidine premedication exacerbates hypotension following tourniquet deflation by inhibiting noradrenaline release. ( Hongo, T; Kim, C; Kobayashi, N; Maruyama, K; Ogawa, R; Takeda, S, 2004)
"It was possible to reduce the infiltration pain of local anesthetic during epidural catheterization by oral administration of 3 mg of tizanidine as premedication."9.11Effect of oral tizanidine on local-anesthetic infiltration pain during epidural catheterization. ( Imanaga, K; Inoue, T; Ogawa, R; Wajima, Z, 2004)
"Clonidine is frequently added to opioids in implantable intrathecal pumps for the management of chronic pain."9.11Stability of clonidine in clonidine-hydromorphone mixture from implanted intrathecal infusion pumps in chronic pain patients. ( Dunn, E; McCartney, C; Peng, P; Rudich, Z, 2004)
"To evaluate the effectiveness of intrathecal clonidine or clonidine/opioid admixture for the treatment of chronic pain states, a retrospective chart audit of 15 patients seen by the Pain Medicine and Neurosurgical Services was performed."9.10Long-term outcomes during treatment of chronic pain with intrathecal clonidine or clonidine/opioid combinations. ( Ackerman, LL; Follett, KA; Rosenquist, RW, 2003)
"Clonidine is approved in the US for epidural administration in the treatment of intractable neuropathic cancer pain, but is also administered intrathecally for this indication and both epidurally and intrathecally in the treatment of acute, postoperative pain."9.09Relative potency of epidural to intrathecal clonidine differs between acute thermal pain and capsaicin-induced allodynia. ( Curry, R; Eisenach, JC; Hood, DD, 2000)
"We performed a double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial in 15 patients to determine the efficacy of intrathecal morphine or clonidine, alone or combined, in the treatment of neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury."9.09The efficacy of intrathecal morphine and clonidine in the treatment of pain after spinal cord injury. ( Cousins, MJ; Mather, LE; Molloy, AR; Rutkowski, SB; Siddall, PJ; Walker, S, 2000)
" Treatment with tizanidine resulted in a significant improvement in pain intensity (P=0."9.09Open-label dose-titration safety and efficacy study of tizanidine hydrochloride in the treatment of spasticity associated with chronic stroke. ( Dromerick, A; Gelber, DA; Good, DC; Richardson, M; Sergay, S, 2001)
"We examined the analgesic effects of orally administered clonidine on pain induced by injection of propofol (Diprivan; 2,6-diisopropyl phenol)."9.09Orally administered clonidine significantly reduces pain during injection of propofol. ( Inoue, T; Ogawa, R; Ogura, A; Wajima, Z; Yoshikawa, T, 2001)
"Twenty patients with chronic pain who previously had obtained analgesia from epidural clonidine and lignocaine agreed to participate in a double-blind crossover study of lumbar epidural clonidine (150 micrograms), lignocaine (40 mg) and the combination of clonidine (150 microgram) and lignocaine (40 mg), all drugs were given in a volume of 3 ml."9.08A double-blind randomised comparison of the effects of epidural clonidine, lignocaine and the combination of clonidine and lignocaine in patients with chronic pain. ( Glynn, C; O'Sullivan, K, 1996)
" Clonidine significantly decreased pain rating after electrical stimulation at L1-L4 and sensitivity to pinprick and cold at L1-L4-S1, increased pressure pain tolerance threshold at S1, and increased thresholds after single and repeated stimulation of the sural nerve."9.08Epidural epinephrine and clonidine: segmental analgesia and effects on different pain modalities. ( Arendt-Nielsen, L; Curatolo, M; Petersen-Felix, S; Zbinden, AM, 1997)
"Clonidine is approved for intraspinal administration in the treatment of neuropathic cancer pain."9.08Intrathecal, but not intravenous, clonidine reduces experimental thermal or capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia in normal volunteers. ( Curry, R; Eisenach, JC; Hood, DD, 1998)
"Clonidine, but not placebo, caused pain relief, sedation, and decreased blood pressure and heart rate after bolus epidural injection."9.07Epidural clonidine treatment for refractory reflex sympathetic dystrophy. ( Eisenach, JC; Jackson, K; Rauck, RL; Southern, J; Young, LD, 1993)
"In a randomized, double-blind, 2-period crossover study, 24 patients with pain due to diabetic polyneuropathy received transdermal clonidine, 0."9.07Transdermal clonidine versus placebo in painful diabetic neuropathy. ( Benjamin, J; Lynch, SA; Max, MB; Muir, J; Zeigler, D, 1992)
"In order to assess the effect of spinal clonidine on tourniquet pain, 30 patients scheduled to undergo orthopaedic surgery under spinal anaesthesia were allocated randomly to two groups."9.06Prevention of tourniquet pain by spinal isobaric bupivacaine with clonidine. ( Belon, M; Boico, O; Bonnet, F; Diallo, A; Guilbaud, M; Saada, M, 1989)
"In a randomised double-blind study of 20 patients with chronic pain, epidural morphine 5 mg in 5 ml of saline was compared with epidural clonidine 150 micrograms in 5 ml of saline."9.06A double-blind comparison between epidural morphine and epidural clonidine in patients with chronic non-cancer pain. ( Dawson, D; Glynn, C; Sanders, R, 1988)
"Despite weak evidence, clonidine may be a useful adjunct in epidural or spinal morphine therapy of cancer pain."8.84[Clonidine in the treatment of cancer pain]. ( Nielsen, JB; Sjøgren, P, 2008)
"Sprague-Dawley rats were used to test the analgesic effect of pentazocine and neostigmine using the paw formalin pain model and the incision mechanical allodynia model."8.12Antinociceptive Effects and Interaction Mechanisms of Intrathecal Pentazocine and Neostigmine in Two Different Pain Models in Rats. ( Bai, X; Guo, J; Huang, H; Ouyang, H; Wu, S; Zhang, K, 2022)
"Clonidine was successful in reducing pain related distress and facilitating adherence to the penicillin regimen."7.96Clonidine for pain-related distress in Aboriginal children on a penicillin regimen to prevent recurrence of rheumatic fever. ( Atkinson, N; Cook, J; Kelly, J; Mitchell, A; Ralph, AP; Remenyi, B; Spain, B; Wade, V, 2020)
"Our data indicate that IV dexmedetomidine exerts pronounced antinociception against CRD-induced visceral pain and suggest that the antinociceptive effect of dexmedotimidine is mediated in part by opioid receptors, but peripheral alpha(2)-ARs are not involved."7.75The antinociceptive effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine in colorectal distension-induced visceral pain in rats: the role of opioid receptors. ( Bilge, SS; Bostanci, MO; Bozkurt, A; Ciftcioglu, E; Dilek, A; Güldogus, F; Ilkaya, F; Ulger, F, 2009)
"To investigate the effects of intrathecal escin and clonidine, used alone or in combination, in the treatment of neuropathic pain in rats and the possible mechanism."7.75[Effects of intrathecal escin and clonidine in the treatment of neuropathic pain in rats]. ( Chen, CY; Huang, Y; Qing, ZH; Wang, B; Yao, XH; Zhou, P, 2009)
" For their positive morphine analgesia modulation (due to alpha(2C)-AR stimulation) and sedation overcoming (due to alpha(2A)-AR antagonism), 8 and 11 might be useful as adjuvant agents in the management of pain with morphine."7.75Might adrenergic alpha2C-agonists/alpha2A-antagonists become novel therapeutic tools for pain treatment with morphine? ( Bruzzone, A; Cardinaletti, C; Del Bello, F; Ghelfi, F; Giannella, M; Mattioli, L; Paris, H; Perfumi, M; Piergentili, A; Pigini, M; Quaglia, W, 2009)
"To investigate the effects of intrathecal ouabain and tizanidine injection for treatment of neuropathic pain in rats."7.74[Effects of intrathecal ouabain and tizanidine injection for treatment of neuropathic pain in rats]. ( He, WX; Li, Q; Lin, LL; Liu, XG; Ou-Yang, HD; Wang, PZ; Zeng, WA; Zhang, ZQ, 2008)
"Clonidine can effectively reduce pain and/or hypersensitivity."7.74Effects of topical application of clonidine cream on pain behaviors and spinal Fos protein expression in rat models of neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, and inflammatory pain. ( Arita, H; Hanaoka, K; Hayashida, M; Li, C; Sawamura, S; Sekiyama, H; Sumida, T; Takeda, K; Yamada, Y, 2007)
"We studied whether peripheral alpha2-adrenergic receptors are involved in the antihyperalgesic effects of oxcarbazepine by examining the effects of yohimbine (selective alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist), BRL 44408 (selective alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor antagonist), MK-912 (selective alpha2C-adrenoceptor antagonist), and clonidine (alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist) on the antihyperalgesic effect of oxcarbazepine in the rat model of inflammatory pain."7.74The involvement of peripheral alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the antihyperalgesic effect of oxcarbazepine in a rat model of inflammatory pain. ( Bosković, B; Paranos, SLj; Prostran, MS; Stepanović-Petrović, RM; Tomić, MA; Ugresić, ND; Vucković, SM, 2007)
"These data indicate for the first time that the clonidine-induced increase in punctuate mechanical threshold is mediated via the activation of all but M2 muscarinic receptor subtypes, and via the activation of alpha4beta2 but not alpha7 nicotinic receptor subtypes in a rodent model for human postoperative pain."7.73Spinal muscarinic and nicotinic subtypes activated by clonidine in postincisional pain. ( Boselli, E; Chassard, D; Duflo, F; Ryvlin, P, 2005)
"Intrathecal clonidine reduces tactile allodynia in animal models of neuropathic pain, and this effect is blocked by atropine."7.72Plasticity in action of intrathecal clonidine to mechanical but not thermal nociception after peripheral nerve injury. ( Conklin, D; Eisenach, JC; Paqueron, X, 2003)
"We investigated the interaction between spinally administered bupivacaine and clonidine using an animal model of acute and inflammatory pain."7.72Intrathecal clonidine and bupivacaine have synergistic analgesia for acute thermally or inflammatory-induced pain in rats. ( Hanaoka, K; Nishiyama, T, 2004)
"Intrathecally administered alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtype-specific antagonists were used to determine which alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtype mediates the analgesic effect of intrathecally administered tizanidine in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model of neuropathic pain."7.72Alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtype specificity of intrathecally administered tizanidine used for analgesia for neuropathic pain. ( Dills, CV; Leiphart, JW; Levy, RM, 2004)
"To report a case of possible clonidine-induced hypertension (by Naranjo score) in a patient with a C4 spinal lesion."7.71Clonidine-induced hypertension in a patient with a spinal lesion. ( Backo, AL; Clause, SL; Gibbs, KA; Triller, DM, 2002)
"Spinally-administered midazolam, a benzodiazepine, and clonidine, an alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist, have significant synergistic effects on thermally-induced acute and formalin-induced inflammatory pain."7.71The synergistic interaction between midazolam and clonidine in spinally-mediated analgesia in two different pain models of rats. ( Hanaoka, K; Nishiyama, T, 2001)
"Intrathecal administration of alpha(2) adrenergic agonists, such as clonidine, is capable of alleviating neuropathic pain."7.70Role of spinal muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in clonidine-induced nitric oxide release in a rat model of neuropathic pain. ( Chen, SR; Eisenach, J; Pan, HL; Xu, Z, 2000)
" We describe a case of chronic pain following SCI which failed to respond to a variety of approaches including intrathecal administration of morphine."7.69Intrathecal morphine and clonidine in the management of spinal cord injury pain: a case report. ( Cousins, MJ; Gray, M; Rutkowski, S; Siddall, PJ, 1994)
"The aim of the present study was to investigate whether clonidine and morphine interact positively to produce analgesia against the low intensity tonic pain represented by the formalin model in rats."7.69Morphine, clonidine coadministration in subanalgesic doses: effective control of tonic pain. ( Gurtu, S; Mukerjee, D; Shukla, S, 1994)
"To assess the benefit of ketamine addition to a morphine-clonidine-lidocaine mixture administered continuously by the intrathecal route for the treatment of cancer pain."7.69[Cancer pain: beneficial effect of ketamine addition to spinal administration of morphine-clonidine-lidocaine mixture]. ( Lemos, D; Muller, A, 1996)
"The effect of intrathecal morphine (MO) and the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists clonidine (CLON) and dexmedetomidine on self-mutilation (autotomy), a behavior that may indicate the presence of neuropathic pain, has been examined in rats."7.68The differential effects of morphine and the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists clonidine and dexmedetomidine on the prevention and treatment of experimental neuropathic pain. ( Puke, MJ; Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z, 1993)
"Clonidine was administered by epidural injections with per os relay and long term therapeutic follow-up to 38 patients with deafferentation neurological sequellar pain either fully or partly intractable to classical pain treatments."7.67[Thoracolumbar or sacral epidural administration of clonidine in deafferentation pain: possibilities, limits and long-term follow-up]. ( Farcot, JM; Grasser, C; Mercky, F, 1989)
"A case is reported in which spinal intrathecal administration of clonidine produced pain."7.67Pain after spinal intrathecal clonidine. An adverse interaction with tricyclic antidepressants? ( Hardy, PA; Wells, JC, 1988)
"The use of clonidine in the management of opiate abstinence is presented in a patient dependent upon levorphanol tartrate given for chronic pain."7.66The use of clonidine for management of opiate abstinence in a chronic pain patient. ( Bakris, GL; Cross, PD; Hammarsten, JE, 1982)
"Pain was not different in the two groups after tourniquet release."6.69Adding clonidine to lidocaine for intravenous regional anesthesia prevents tourniquet pain. ( Bernard, JM; Bonnet, F; Gentili, M, 1999)
"Tizanidine is a well-tolerated and effective drug for symptomatic treatment of spasticity."6.67A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of tizanidine in the treatment of spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis. United Kingdom Tizanidine Trial Group. ( , 1994)
"Clonidine is an agonist at the alpha2-adrenergic receptor that has been in clinical use for over 40 years."6.47Clonidine: clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use in pain management. ( Neil, MJ, 2011)
" Compared with midazolam, dexmedetomidine was favorable in reducing both emergence delirium and pain in the postoperative care unit, and both clonidine and dexmedetomidine reduced anxiety in the postoperative care unit."5.69Postoperative recovery in preschool-aged children: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing premedication with midazolam, clonidine, and dexmedetomidine. ( Bromfalk, Å; Engström, Å; Hultin, M; Myrberg, T; Walldén, J, 2023)
" In the mouse formalin test, DBV injection produced a dramatic leftward shift in the dose-response curve for clonidine-induced analgesia."5.35Acupoint stimulation with diluted bee venom (apipuncture) potentiates the analgesic effect of intrathecal clonidine in the rodent formalin test and in a neuropathic pain model. ( Beitz, AJ; Han, HJ; Kim, HW; Kwon, YB; Lee, HJ; Lee, JH; Roh, DH; Seo, HS; Yoon, SY, 2009)
"The clonidine response was inhibited by yohimbine (0."5.32Clonidine and guanfacine-induced antinociception in visceral pain: possible role of alpha 2/I2 binding sites. ( Hosseini, AR; Khansefid, N; Sabetkasaie, M; Sadat Ladgevardi, MA; Vala, S, 2004)
"CFA injection resulted in significant thermal hyperalgesia throughout the four days of observation."5.31Intrathecal clonidine decreases spinal nitric oxide release in a rat model of complete Freund's adjuvant induced inflammatory pain. ( Cheng, JT; Chuang, YC; Lin, CR; Wang, CJ; Yang, LC, 2002)
"Clonidine was found to be highly effective in arthritic animals, even at the lower concentration: the elevation in threshold produced by 30 micrograms/kg i."5.28Potent antinociceptive effects of clonidine systemically administered in an experimental model of clinical pain, the arthritic rat. ( Besson, JM; Guilbaud, G; Kayser, V, 1992)
"Evidence suggests that the pain and hyperalgesia in SMP are related to activation of peripheral adrenergic receptors."5.28Topical application of clonidine relieves hyperalgesia in patients with sympathetically maintained pain. ( Campbell, JN; Davis, KD; Meyer, RA; Raja, SN; Treede, RD, 1991)
"Background and Purpose- Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is an effective treatment for managing patients with severe poststroke spasticity, who can experience continued pain and decline in their quality of life (QoL)."5.27Effect of Intrathecal Baclofen on Pain and Quality of Life in Poststroke Spasticity. ( Abouihia, A; Calabrese, A; Cloud, G; Creamer, M; Francisco, GE; Kossmehl, P; Saltuari, L; Ward, AB; Wissel, J; Yochelson, M; Zampolini, M, 2018)
"Clonidine therapy was used to alleviate symptoms of narcotic analgesic withdrawal."5.27Narcotic bowel syndrome treated with clonidine. Resolution of abdominal pain and intestinal pseudo-obstruction. ( Greenberger, NJ; McPhee, MS; Sandgren, JE, 1984)
"This double-blind randomized controlled study was designed to evaluate the analgesic effects of topical treatments with clonidine (CLON) and pentoxifylline (PTX) tested alone or as low- and high-dose combinations in a human experimental model of pain."5.22Effects of topical combinations of clonidine and pentoxifylline on capsaicin-induced allodynia and postcapsaicin tourniquet-induced pain in healthy volunteers: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study. ( Bennett, GJ; Bley, K; Coderre, TJ; Gandhi, W; Laferrière, A; Ragavendran, JV; Schweinhardt, P; Ware, MA, 2016)
"After 50 µg clonidine or 5 mg bupivacaine, the heat pain tolerance increased by ∼1°C, similar to the analgesic effect of 5 mg epidural morphine or 30 µg epidural fentanyl in previous studies using this experimental heat pain model."5.17Analgesic and sympatholytic effects of low-dose intrathecal clonidine compared with bupivacaine: a dose-response study in female volunteers. ( Angst, MS; Ginosar, Y; Riley, ET, 2013)
" However, the incidence of nocturnal enuresis, urgency attacks, and daytime incontinence were significantly reduced compared with baseline in the tizanidine group (P=."5.16Doxazosin versus tizanidine for treatment of dysfunctional voiding in children: a prospective randomized open-labeled trial. ( Dawaba, M; El-Assmy, MM; El-Hefnawy, AS; Hafez, AT; Helmy, T; Sarhan, O, 2012)
"We investigated pain evoked activity in the human secondary sensory cortex (SII) following clonidine administration in six healthy volunteers using multi-channel magnetoencephalography (MEG)."5.12Clonidine effects on pain evoked SII activity in humans. ( Bischoff, P; Bromm, B; Hauck, M; Lorenz, J; Morrow, TJ; Schmidt, G; Zimmermann, R, 2006)
"To evaluate the effects of clonidine and ephedrine on propofol-induced pain and on hemodynamic changes during the induction sequence."5.12Clonidine-ephedrine combination reduces pain on injection of propofol and blunts hemodynamic stress responses during the induction sequence. ( Fukushima, H; Furuya, A; Ishiyama, T; Kashimoto, S; Kumazawa, T; Oguchi, T, 2006)
"The addition of clonidine to local anaesthetics enhances pain relief after peripheral nerve block, but the site of action is unproven."5.11Clonidine added to bupivacaine enhances and prolongs analgesia after brachial plexus block via a local mechanism in healthy volunteers. ( Eichler, HG; Fleck, T; Hutschala, D; Klimscha, W; Mascher, H; Schmetterer, L; Tschernko, EM, 2004)
"Clonidine premedication prevents tourniquet pain and reduces sympathetic nerve activity."5.11Oral clonidine premedication exacerbates hypotension following tourniquet deflation by inhibiting noradrenaline release. ( Hongo, T; Kim, C; Kobayashi, N; Maruyama, K; Ogawa, R; Takeda, S, 2004)
"It was possible to reduce the infiltration pain of local anesthetic during epidural catheterization by oral administration of 3 mg of tizanidine as premedication."5.11Effect of oral tizanidine on local-anesthetic infiltration pain during epidural catheterization. ( Imanaga, K; Inoue, T; Ogawa, R; Wajima, Z, 2004)
"Clonidine is frequently added to opioids in implantable intrathecal pumps for the management of chronic pain."5.11Stability of clonidine in clonidine-hydromorphone mixture from implanted intrathecal infusion pumps in chronic pain patients. ( Dunn, E; McCartney, C; Peng, P; Rudich, Z, 2004)
"To evaluate the effectiveness of intrathecal clonidine or clonidine/opioid admixture for the treatment of chronic pain states, a retrospective chart audit of 15 patients seen by the Pain Medicine and Neurosurgical Services was performed."5.10Long-term outcomes during treatment of chronic pain with intrathecal clonidine or clonidine/opioid combinations. ( Ackerman, LL; Follett, KA; Rosenquist, RW, 2003)
"Clonidine is approved in the US for epidural administration in the treatment of intractable neuropathic cancer pain, but is also administered intrathecally for this indication and both epidurally and intrathecally in the treatment of acute, postoperative pain."5.09Relative potency of epidural to intrathecal clonidine differs between acute thermal pain and capsaicin-induced allodynia. ( Curry, R; Eisenach, JC; Hood, DD, 2000)
"We performed a double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial in 15 patients to determine the efficacy of intrathecal morphine or clonidine, alone or combined, in the treatment of neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury."5.09The efficacy of intrathecal morphine and clonidine in the treatment of pain after spinal cord injury. ( Cousins, MJ; Mather, LE; Molloy, AR; Rutkowski, SB; Siddall, PJ; Walker, S, 2000)
" Treatment with tizanidine resulted in a significant improvement in pain intensity (P=0."5.09Open-label dose-titration safety and efficacy study of tizanidine hydrochloride in the treatment of spasticity associated with chronic stroke. ( Dromerick, A; Gelber, DA; Good, DC; Richardson, M; Sergay, S, 2001)
"We examined the analgesic effects of orally administered clonidine on pain induced by injection of propofol (Diprivan; 2,6-diisopropyl phenol)."5.09Orally administered clonidine significantly reduces pain during injection of propofol. ( Inoue, T; Ogawa, R; Ogura, A; Wajima, Z; Yoshikawa, T, 2001)
"Twenty patients with chronic pain who previously had obtained analgesia from epidural clonidine and lignocaine agreed to participate in a double-blind crossover study of lumbar epidural clonidine (150 micrograms), lignocaine (40 mg) and the combination of clonidine (150 microgram) and lignocaine (40 mg), all drugs were given in a volume of 3 ml."5.08A double-blind randomised comparison of the effects of epidural clonidine, lignocaine and the combination of clonidine and lignocaine in patients with chronic pain. ( Glynn, C; O'Sullivan, K, 1996)
"We investigated the influence of preanesthetic medication on the pain relieving effect of the lidocaine tape during needle insertion for venous cannulation."5.08[Influence of preanesthetic medication on the effect of a local anesthetic tape]. ( Horikawa, Y; Kagawa, T; Kondo, M; Obara, H; Ohnishi, H, 1997)
" Clonidine significantly decreased pain rating after electrical stimulation at L1-L4 and sensitivity to pinprick and cold at L1-L4-S1, increased pressure pain tolerance threshold at S1, and increased thresholds after single and repeated stimulation of the sural nerve."5.08Epidural epinephrine and clonidine: segmental analgesia and effects on different pain modalities. ( Arendt-Nielsen, L; Curatolo, M; Petersen-Felix, S; Zbinden, AM, 1997)
"Clonidine is approved for intraspinal administration in the treatment of neuropathic cancer pain."5.08Intrathecal, but not intravenous, clonidine reduces experimental thermal or capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia in normal volunteers. ( Curry, R; Eisenach, JC; Hood, DD, 1998)
"Clonidine, but not placebo, caused pain relief, sedation, and decreased blood pressure and heart rate after bolus epidural injection."5.07Epidural clonidine treatment for refractory reflex sympathetic dystrophy. ( Eisenach, JC; Jackson, K; Rauck, RL; Southern, J; Young, LD, 1993)
"In a randomized, double-blind, 2-period crossover study, 24 patients with pain due to diabetic polyneuropathy received transdermal clonidine, 0."5.07Transdermal clonidine versus placebo in painful diabetic neuropathy. ( Benjamin, J; Lynch, SA; Max, MB; Muir, J; Zeigler, D, 1992)
"In order to assess the effect of spinal clonidine on tourniquet pain, 30 patients scheduled to undergo orthopaedic surgery under spinal anaesthesia were allocated randomly to two groups."5.06Prevention of tourniquet pain by spinal isobaric bupivacaine with clonidine. ( Belon, M; Boico, O; Bonnet, F; Diallo, A; Guilbaud, M; Saada, M, 1989)
"In a randomised double-blind study of 20 patients with chronic pain, epidural morphine 5 mg in 5 ml of saline was compared with epidural clonidine 150 micrograms in 5 ml of saline."5.06A double-blind comparison between epidural morphine and epidural clonidine in patients with chronic non-cancer pain. ( Dawson, D; Glynn, C; Sanders, R, 1988)
"Ziconotide is a nonopioid intrathecal analgesic used to manage moderate to severe chronic pain."4.86Ziconotide combination intrathecal therapy: rationale and evidence. ( Deer, T; Rauck, RL; Wallace, MS, 2010)
"Multimodal therapy encompasses a wide range of procedures and medications, including regional analgesia with continuous epidural or peripheral nerve block infusions, judicious opioids, acetaminophen, anti-inflammatory agents, anticonvulsants, ketamine, clonidine, mexiletine, antidepressants, and anxiolytics as options to treat or modulate pain at various sites of action."4.84The evolution of pain management in the critically ill trauma patient: Emerging concepts from the global war on terrorism. ( Black, IH; Malchow, RJ, 2008)
"Despite weak evidence, clonidine may be a useful adjunct in epidural or spinal morphine therapy of cancer pain."4.84[Clonidine in the treatment of cancer pain]. ( Nielsen, JB; Sjøgren, P, 2008)
" Opioids are used in routinely, but alpha2-agonists, such as clonidine or cholinesterase inhibitors (neostigmine), have also been used for labour analgesia or to relieve pain following caesarean section."4.83The use of neuraxial adjuvant drugs (neostigmine, clonidine) in obstetrics. ( Roelants, F, 2006)
"This review has covered the five potential causes for opioid poorly responsive pain, namely (a) a loss of opioid receptors on the spinal terminals of C-fibres as a result of peripheral nerve damage, (b) an accumulation of morphine-3-glucuronide, (c) changes in the non-opioid peptides, F8Fa or CCK, either spinally or supraspinally, (d) actions of the opioid peptide dynorphin and (e) spinally generated hypersensitive states via activation of the NMDA receptor."4.79Neurophysiology of opioid poorly responsive pain. ( Dickenson, AH, 1994)
"The paper considers mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy of the drug sirdalud (tizanidine) in painful musculotonic syndromes."4.79[The use of sirdalud in painful muscle tonic syndromes]. ( Damulin, IV, 1997)
"To evaluate the duration and effect of superior hypogastric nerve block (SHNB) with ropivacaine and clonidine on postinterventional pain levels and opioid requirements in patients undergoing uterine artery embolization."4.31Postinterventional Patient Comfort After Uterine Artery Embolization and Superior Hypogastric Nerve Block. ( Binkert, CA; Najafi, A; Steffen, DA, 2023)
"Based on the potency ratios of clonidine and dexmedetomidine (8 to 1) we hypothesize that a lower dexmedetomidine dose would provide patients with 50 min of pain free tourniquet time."4.12A sequential allocation study to determine the ED ( Al Assadi, S; Kanazi, G; Karam, C; Zeeni, C, 2022)
"Sprague-Dawley rats were used to test the analgesic effect of pentazocine and neostigmine using the paw formalin pain model and the incision mechanical allodynia model."4.12Antinociceptive Effects and Interaction Mechanisms of Intrathecal Pentazocine and Neostigmine in Two Different Pain Models in Rats. ( Bai, X; Guo, J; Huang, H; Ouyang, H; Wu, S; Zhang, K, 2022)
"Clonidine was successful in reducing pain related distress and facilitating adherence to the penicillin regimen."3.96Clonidine for pain-related distress in Aboriginal children on a penicillin regimen to prevent recurrence of rheumatic fever. ( Atkinson, N; Cook, J; Kelly, J; Mitchell, A; Ralph, AP; Remenyi, B; Spain, B; Wade, V, 2020)
" In the present study, we examined whether dexmedetomidine and clonidine could inhibit the function of tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na(+) channels, which play important roles in the generation of pain."3.77Dexmedetomidine and clonidine inhibit the function of Na(v)1.7 independent of α(2)-adrenoceptor in adrenal chromaffin cells. ( Kanai, T; Maruta, T; Nemoto, T; Satoh, S; Tsuneyoshi, I; Wada, A; Yanagita, T, 2011)
"Our data indicate that IV dexmedetomidine exerts pronounced antinociception against CRD-induced visceral pain and suggest that the antinociceptive effect of dexmedotimidine is mediated in part by opioid receptors, but peripheral alpha(2)-ARs are not involved."3.75The antinociceptive effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine in colorectal distension-induced visceral pain in rats: the role of opioid receptors. ( Bilge, SS; Bostanci, MO; Bozkurt, A; Ciftcioglu, E; Dilek, A; Güldogus, F; Ilkaya, F; Ulger, F, 2009)
"To investigate the effects of intrathecal escin and clonidine, used alone or in combination, in the treatment of neuropathic pain in rats and the possible mechanism."3.75[Effects of intrathecal escin and clonidine in the treatment of neuropathic pain in rats]. ( Chen, CY; Huang, Y; Qing, ZH; Wang, B; Yao, XH; Zhou, P, 2009)
" For their positive morphine analgesia modulation (due to alpha(2C)-AR stimulation) and sedation overcoming (due to alpha(2A)-AR antagonism), 8 and 11 might be useful as adjuvant agents in the management of pain with morphine."3.75Might adrenergic alpha2C-agonists/alpha2A-antagonists become novel therapeutic tools for pain treatment with morphine? ( Bruzzone, A; Cardinaletti, C; Del Bello, F; Ghelfi, F; Giannella, M; Mattioli, L; Paris, H; Perfumi, M; Piergentili, A; Pigini, M; Quaglia, W, 2009)
"To investigate the effects of intrathecal ouabain and tizanidine injection for treatment of neuropathic pain in rats."3.74[Effects of intrathecal ouabain and tizanidine injection for treatment of neuropathic pain in rats]. ( He, WX; Li, Q; Lin, LL; Liu, XG; Ou-Yang, HD; Wang, PZ; Zeng, WA; Zhang, ZQ, 2008)
" The three models were benchmarked using compounds known to be active in neuropathic pain patients and nerve injury animal models, including gabapentin, amitriptyline and clonidine."3.74Transient allodynia pain models in mice for early assessment of analgesic activity. ( Cheevers, CV; Donello, JE; Gil, DW, 2008)
"Clonidine can effectively reduce pain and/or hypersensitivity."3.74Effects of topical application of clonidine cream on pain behaviors and spinal Fos protein expression in rat models of neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, and inflammatory pain. ( Arita, H; Hanaoka, K; Hayashida, M; Li, C; Sawamura, S; Sekiyama, H; Sumida, T; Takeda, K; Yamada, Y, 2007)
"We studied whether peripheral alpha2-adrenergic receptors are involved in the antihyperalgesic effects of oxcarbazepine by examining the effects of yohimbine (selective alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist), BRL 44408 (selective alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor antagonist), MK-912 (selective alpha2C-adrenoceptor antagonist), and clonidine (alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist) on the antihyperalgesic effect of oxcarbazepine in the rat model of inflammatory pain."3.74The involvement of peripheral alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the antihyperalgesic effect of oxcarbazepine in a rat model of inflammatory pain. ( Bosković, B; Paranos, SLj; Prostran, MS; Stepanović-Petrović, RM; Tomić, MA; Ugresić, ND; Vucković, SM, 2007)
"The chronic pain relieving effects following spinal administration of clonidine are probably connected to alpha2-adrenoreceptor-induced augmented synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) in the spinal cord."3.73Involvement of nitric oxide in clonidine-induced spinal analgesia. ( Aronov, S; Ben-Abraham, R; Givati-Divshi, D; Katz, Y, 2005)
"These data indicate for the first time that the clonidine-induced increase in punctuate mechanical threshold is mediated via the activation of all but M2 muscarinic receptor subtypes, and via the activation of alpha4beta2 but not alpha7 nicotinic receptor subtypes in a rodent model for human postoperative pain."3.73Spinal muscarinic and nicotinic subtypes activated by clonidine in postincisional pain. ( Boselli, E; Chassard, D; Duflo, F; Ryvlin, P, 2005)
" Compared with female WT mice, male WT mice exhibited higher pain thresholds and enhanced opioid (morphine) and alpha(2)-adrenergic (clonidine) receptor-induced antinociception in a spinal reflex test."3.72Contribution of GIRK2-mediated postsynaptic signaling to opiate and alpha 2-adrenergic analgesia and analgesic sex differences. ( Bader, S; Basbaum, AI; Jan, LY; Margeta-Mitrovic, M; Mitrovic, I; Stoffel, M, 2003)
"Neuraxial clonidine is an effective adjunct in the treatment of neuropathic pain and increases acetylcholine concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in humans."3.72Intrathecal clonidine reduces hypersensitivity after nerve injury by a mechanism involving spinal m4 muscarinic receptors. ( Eisenach, JC; Kang, YJ, 2003)
" The purpose of this study was to evaluate stability and compatibility of morphine-clonidine admixtures with an implantable infusion system that is commonly used to treat pain patients."3.72Stability and compatibility of morphine-clonidine admixtures in an implantable infusion system. ( Elsberry, DD; Hassenbusch, SJ; Hildebrand, KR, 2003)
" Although adrenergic agonists have potent vascular effects, recent studies suggest that capsaicin-sensitive nociceptors may express adrenoceptors, suggesting that these drugs may directly modulate the function of an important class of pain-signaling neurons in peripheral tissues."3.72Adrenergic regulation of capsaicin-sensitive neurons in dental pulp. ( Bowles, WR; Hargreaves, KM; Jackson, DL, 2003)
"Intrathecal clonidine reduces tactile allodynia in animal models of neuropathic pain, and this effect is blocked by atropine."3.72Plasticity in action of intrathecal clonidine to mechanical but not thermal nociception after peripheral nerve injury. ( Conklin, D; Eisenach, JC; Paqueron, X, 2003)
"We investigated the interaction between spinally administered bupivacaine and clonidine using an animal model of acute and inflammatory pain."3.72Intrathecal clonidine and bupivacaine have synergistic analgesia for acute thermally or inflammatory-induced pain in rats. ( Hanaoka, K; Nishiyama, T, 2004)
" milnacipran, a monoamine reuptake inhibitor, inhibits an acute visceral pain response induced by colorectal or uterine cervical distension."3.72The monoamine reuptake inhibitor milnacipran does not affect nociception to acute visceral distension in rats. ( Eisenach, JC; Rao, SG; Shin, SW; Tong, C, 2004)
"Intrathecally administered alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtype-specific antagonists were used to determine which alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtype mediates the analgesic effect of intrathecally administered tizanidine in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model of neuropathic pain."3.72Alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtype specificity of intrathecally administered tizanidine used for analgesia for neuropathic pain. ( Dills, CV; Leiphart, JW; Levy, RM, 2004)
"To report a case of possible clonidine-induced hypertension (by Naranjo score) in a patient with a C4 spinal lesion."3.71Clonidine-induced hypertension in a patient with a spinal lesion. ( Backo, AL; Clause, SL; Gibbs, KA; Triller, DM, 2002)
"Tizanidine, an alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist with myospasmolytic action, is indicated for the treatment of back pain either as monotherapy or in combination with nonsteridal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)."3.71Modulation of NSAID-induced antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects by alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists with gastroprotective effects. ( Jain, NK; Kulkarni, SK; Singh, A, 2002)
"Spinally-administered midazolam, a benzodiazepine, and clonidine, an alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist, have significant synergistic effects on thermally-induced acute and formalin-induced inflammatory pain."3.71The synergistic interaction between midazolam and clonidine in spinally-mediated analgesia in two different pain models of rats. ( Hanaoka, K; Nishiyama, T, 2001)
"Intrathecally administered clonidine increases release of spinal acetylcholine, which may be related to its analgesic action in neuropathic pain."3.70Intrathecal clonidine alleviates allodynia in neuropathic rats: interaction with spinal muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. ( Chen, SR; Eisenach, JC; Pan, HL, 1999)
"The present data suggest that intrathecal morphine, and to some extent clonidine, but not baclofen, alleviated the abnormal pain-related behaviors in this new rat model of partial peripheral nerve injury."3.70Effects of intrathecal morphine, clonidine and baclofen on allodynia after partial sciatic nerve injury in the rat. ( Hao, JX; Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z; Xu, IS; Xu, XJ, 1999)
"Intrathecal administration of alpha(2) adrenergic agonists, such as clonidine, is capable of alleviating neuropathic pain."3.70Role of spinal muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in clonidine-induced nitric oxide release in a rat model of neuropathic pain. ( Chen, SR; Eisenach, J; Pan, HL; Xu, Z, 2000)
"Clonidine increased colonic and rectal compliance, and reduced tone, pain, gas sensation and rectal urgency."3.70Towards identifying optimal doses for alpha-2 adrenergic modulation of colonic and rectal motor and sensory function. ( Burton, DD; Camilleri, M; Fett, SL; Kost, L; Malcolm, A; Zinsmeister, AR, 2000)
") morphine, but not the alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonist clonidine, administered prior to sciatic nerve section, reduced the level of autotomy in rats, which is a behavioural model of neuropathic pain."3.69The effects of intrathecal morphine and clonidine on the prevention and reversal of spinal cord hyperexcitability following sciatic nerve section in the rat. ( Luo, L; Puke, CMJ; Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z, 1994)
" We describe a case of chronic pain following SCI which failed to respond to a variety of approaches including intrathecal administration of morphine."3.69Intrathecal morphine and clonidine in the management of spinal cord injury pain: a case report. ( Cousins, MJ; Gray, M; Rutkowski, S; Siddall, PJ, 1994)
"The antinociceptive actions of morphine and tizanidine (an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist) administered intrathecally in a rat model of mononeuropathic pain were investigated."3.69A comparison of intrathecally administered narcotic and nonnarcotic analgesics for experimental chronic neuropathic pain. ( Dills, CV; Kim, DL; Leiphart, JW; Levy, RM; Zikel, OM, 1995)
"The aim of the present study was to investigate whether clonidine and morphine interact positively to produce analgesia against the low intensity tonic pain represented by the formalin model in rats."3.69Morphine, clonidine coadministration in subanalgesic doses: effective control of tonic pain. ( Gurtu, S; Mukerjee, D; Shukla, S, 1994)
" In addition, we also investigate the action of both HEs against capsaicin-mediated pain."3.69Analysis of the mechanisms underlying the antinociceptive effect of the extracts of plants from the genus Phyllanthus. ( Calixto, JB; Filho, VC; Santos, AR; Yunes, RA, 1995)
"To determine the clinical usefulness of the long-term intrathecal administration of midazolam and clonidine in patients with refractory neurogenic and musculoskeletal pain."3.69Long-term intrathecal administration of midazolam and clonidine. ( Borg, PA; Krijnen, HJ, 1996)
"To assess the benefit of ketamine addition to a morphine-clonidine-lidocaine mixture administered continuously by the intrathecal route for the treatment of cancer pain."3.69[Cancer pain: beneficial effect of ketamine addition to spinal administration of morphine-clonidine-lidocaine mixture]. ( Lemos, D; Muller, A, 1996)
"Direct intraspinal injection of the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine, and the alpha-adrenergic agents dexmedetomidine and clonidine, produced a dose-dependent elevation of pain thresholds in the Northern grass frog, Rana pipiens."3.69Spinal administration of adrenergic agents produces analgesia in amphibians. ( Brenner, GM; Stevens, CW, 1996)
"The effects of the intrathecal alpha 2-agonists tizanidine and clonidine and the somatostatin analog octreotide on an experimental rat model of tactile allodynia were investigated to determine the therapeutic potential for treating chronic neuropathic pain."3.69Effects of intrathecal nonnarcotic analgesics on chronic tactile allodynia in rats: alpha 2-agonists versus somatostatin analog. ( Kroin, JS; Ono, N; Paice, JA; Penn, RD, 1997)
"The effect of intrathecal morphine (MO) and the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists clonidine (CLON) and dexmedetomidine on self-mutilation (autotomy), a behavior that may indicate the presence of neuropathic pain, has been examined in rats."3.68The differential effects of morphine and the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists clonidine and dexmedetomidine on the prevention and treatment of experimental neuropathic pain. ( Puke, MJ; Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z, 1993)
"Clonidine was administered in the lumbar epidural space to nine volunteers while monitoring blood pressure, heart rate, finger and toe blood flow, and response to cold pain testing, and while sampling CSF and arterial plasma for clonidine analysis."3.68Hemodynamic and analgesic actions of epidurally administered clonidine. ( Detweiler, D; Eisenach, J; Hood, D, 1993)
"Ten patients with deafferentation pain after spinal cord injury were given 150 micrograms clonidine epidurally."3.68Cerebrospinal fluid kinetics of epidural clonidine in man. ( Glynn, CJ; Jamous, MA; Teddy, PJ, 1992)
"Epidural clonidine produces analgesia in humans with acute and chronic pain."3.68A comparison of two epidural alpha 2-agonists, guanfacine and clonidine, in regard to duration of antinociception, and ventilatory and hemodynamic effects in goats. ( Baudendistel, LJ; Gibbons, JJ; Schweiss, JF; Smith, BD, 1992)
"A patient with disseminated cancer pain failed to obtain pain relief despite the intravenous infusion of hydromorphone at a rate equivalent to over 7 g of morphine/day."3.67Failure of epidural opioid to control cancer pain in a patient previously treated with massive doses of intravenous opioid. ( Cousins, MJ; Tanelian, DL, 1989)
"Clonidine was administered by epidural injections with per os relay and long term therapeutic follow-up to 38 patients with deafferentation neurological sequellar pain either fully or partly intractable to classical pain treatments."3.67[Thoracolumbar or sacral epidural administration of clonidine in deafferentation pain: possibilities, limits and long-term follow-up]. ( Farcot, JM; Grasser, C; Mercky, F, 1989)
"The jaw-opening reflex (JOR) in anesthetized rats and rabbits was the pain paradigm studied."3.67Evidence for alpha adrenoceptor modulation of the nociceptive jaw-opening reflex in rats and rabbits. ( Curtis, AL; Marwah, J, 1986)
"A case is reported in which spinal intrathecal administration of clonidine produced pain."3.67Pain after spinal intrathecal clonidine. An adverse interaction with tricyclic antidepressants? ( Hardy, PA; Wells, JC, 1988)
"Epidural clonidine is an alternate way to treat severe pain in man."3.67Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma concentrations of clonidine in pigs after epidural, intravenous and intramuscular administration. ( Gordh, T; Hartvig, P, 1986)
"The use of clonidine in the management of opiate abstinence is presented in a patient dependent upon levorphanol tartrate given for chronic pain."3.66The use of clonidine for management of opiate abstinence in a chronic pain patient. ( Bakris, GL; Cross, PD; Hammarsten, JE, 1982)
"Sufentanil and clonidine were effective as sedative in patients undergoing heart catheterization."2.76Sedation with sufentanil and clonidine in patients undergoing heart catheterization. ( Barros, GA; Castro, PA; Nascimento, Jdos S; Rocha, AP; Santos, KP; Vasconcelos, LM, 2011)
"Gabapentin is an important adjuvant to the management of opiate dependence both in acute detoxification as well as stabilisation phase."2.71Gabapentin in the management of pentazocine dependence: a potent analgesic--anticraving agent. ( Jain, MK; Kumar, P, 2003)
"Tizanidine is a centrally acting alpha-2 adrenoreceptor agonist widely used in the treatment of spasticity in patients with cerebral or spinal injury, and it is causing drawsiness in some of them."2.71[Effects of tizanidine for refractory sleep disturbance in disabled children with spastic quadriplegia]. ( Cho, K; Fujieda, K; Fukuda, I; Miyamoto, A; Oka, R; Tanaka, H, 2004)
" Effect on pain (including dose-response relationship) was due to 0."2.70Effects of an alpha(2)-adrenergic agonist on gastrointestinal transit, colonic motility, and sensation in humans. ( Burton, DD; Camilleri, M; Malcolm, A; McKinzie, S; Szarka, LA; Viramontes, BE; Zinsmeister, AR, 2001)
"Pain was not different in the two groups after tourniquet release."2.69Adding clonidine to lidocaine for intravenous regional anesthesia prevents tourniquet pain. ( Bernard, JM; Bonnet, F; Gentili, M, 1999)
"We have studied the use of clonidine combined with low doses of sufentanil and bupivacaine in 45 parturients requiring extradural analgesia for the first stage of labour, in a double-blind, randomized study."2.68Extradural clonidine combined with sufentanil and 0.0625% bupivacaine for analgesia in labour. ( Boulétreau, P; Chassard, D; Dailler, F; Golfier, F; Mathon, L; Tournadre, JP, 1996)
"Tizanidine is a well-tolerated and effective drug for symptomatic treatment of spasticity."2.67A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of tizanidine in the treatment of spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis. United Kingdom Tizanidine Trial Group. ( , 1994)
"Mechanistic approaches and multimodal analgesic techniques have been clearly demonstrated to be the most effective pain management strategy to improve outcomes."2.55Analgesia in the surgical intensive care unit. ( Brudney, CS; Ehieli, E; Pyati, S; Yalamuri, S, 2017)
"Intubation of the trachea and mechanical ventilation are ubiquitous painful procedures in the neonatal intensive care unit that are poorly assessed and treated."2.49Sedation and analgesia to facilitate mechanical ventilation. ( Colby, CE; Nemergut, ME; Yaster, M, 2013)
"Clonidine is an agonist at the alpha2-adrenergic receptor that has been in clinical use for over 40 years."2.47Clonidine: clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use in pain management. ( Neil, MJ, 2011)
"Among the more common symptoms is spasticity."2.41Management of spasticity, pain, and paroxysmal phenomena in multiple sclerosis. ( Schapiro, RT, 2001)
" It is concluded that co-administration of Vit B12 and morphine could reduce tolerance to analgesic effect of morphine chronic administration and also reduce its withdrawal symptoms."1.40Effect of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) in the induction and expression of morphine tolerance and dependence in mice. ( Etemad, L; Ghazanfari, S; Hosseinzadeh, H; Imenshahidi, M; Moshiri, M, 2014)
"Uliginosin B is a natural phloroglucinol derivative, obtained from Hypericum species native to South America."1.40Determination of pharmacological interactions of uliginosin B, a natural phloroglucinol derivative, with amitriptyline, clonidine and morphine by isobolographic analysis. ( Antonio, CB; da Costa, PF; Müller, LG; Noël, F; Rates, SM; Stolz, ED; von Poser, GL, 2014)
"Whether the additional PTSD and functional neurologic deficits were due to a direct effect of the lightning strike on the central nervous system or a secondary response is open to speculation."1.39Central hyperadrenergic state after lightning strike. ( Ahlskog, JE; Craft, JM; Gelfman, R; Kantor, B; Low, PA; Parsaik, AK; Seime, RJ; Sheldon, SH; Singer, W; Staab, JP, 2013)
"Pain was evoked by injection of a formalin solution (5%, 50 μl) into the hindpaw of male Sprague-Dawley rats."1.37Antinociceptive effect of intrathecal ginsenosides through alpha-2 adrenoceptors in the formalin test of rats. ( Choi, JI; Huang, LJ; Kim, CM; Kim, WM; Lee, HG; Yoon, MH, 2011)
"Clonidine and ET have been reported to have cardiovascular interactions involving the sympathetic nervous system, but it is not known whether ETA receptor antagonist affects clonidine analgesia."1.36Involvement of imidazoline and opioid receptors in the enhancement of clonidine-induced analgesia by sulfisoxazole. ( Andurkar, SV; Boxwalla, M; Gulati, A; Matwyshyn, G; Puppala, BL, 2010)
"Pain was assessed using the formalin test (induced by a subcutaneous injection of 50 microl of a 5% formalin solution to the hindpaw)."1.35Evaluation for the interaction between intrathecal melatonin and clonidine or neostigmine on formalin-induced nociception. ( Huang, LJ; Kim, WM; Kim, YO; Lee, HG; Park, HC; Yoon, MH, 2008)
" In the mouse formalin test, DBV injection produced a dramatic leftward shift in the dose-response curve for clonidine-induced analgesia."1.35Acupoint stimulation with diluted bee venom (apipuncture) potentiates the analgesic effect of intrathecal clonidine in the rodent formalin test and in a neuropathic pain model. ( Beitz, AJ; Han, HJ; Kim, HW; Kwon, YB; Lee, HJ; Lee, JH; Roh, DH; Seo, HS; Yoon, SY, 2009)
"Neuropathic pain is associated with several sensory abnormalities, including allodynia as well as spontaneous pain."1.34Opioid self-administration in the nerve-injured rat: relevance of antiallodynic effects to drug consumption and effects of intrathecal analgesics. ( Buechler, NL; Eisenach, JC; Kim, SA; Martin, TJ; Porreca, F, 2007)
"Morphine tolerance was induced using a 3-day cumulative twice-daily dosing regimen with s."1.32Influence of prazosin and clonidine on morphine analgesia, tolerance and withdrawal in mice. ( Lähdesmäki, J; Ozdoğan, UK; Scheinin, M, 2003)
"Treating this pain is often difficult, particularly in elderly patients, owing to iatrogenic effects and to interactions with the pre-existing diseases and treatments frequently present in this age group."1.32[Facial anesthetic blocks in the treatment of acute pain during ophthalmic zoster]. ( Chiquet, C; Gain, P; Maugery, J; Michaud, P; Navez, ML; Pascal, J; Thuret, G, 2003)
" In this study, we investigated the dose-response characteristics of IT clonidine, and whether a subeffective dose of clonidine could enhance the effect of SCS in nerve-injured rats with tactile hypersensitivity (allodynia)."1.32Intrathecal clonidine potentiates suppression of tactile hypersensitivity by spinal cord stimulation in a model of neuropathy. ( Linderoth, B; Meyerson, BA; Schechtmann, G; Wallin, J, 2004)
"The clonidine response was inhibited by yohimbine (0."1.32Clonidine and guanfacine-induced antinociception in visceral pain: possible role of alpha 2/I2 binding sites. ( Hosseini, AR; Khansefid, N; Sabetkasaie, M; Sadat Ladgevardi, MA; Vala, S, 2004)
"CFA injection resulted in significant thermal hyperalgesia throughout the four days of observation."1.31Intrathecal clonidine decreases spinal nitric oxide release in a rat model of complete Freund's adjuvant induced inflammatory pain. ( Cheng, JT; Chuang, YC; Lin, CR; Wang, CJ; Yang, LC, 2002)
"Clonidine was also evaluated in combination with ketamine and dextromethorphan."1.31Interactions of NMDA antagonists and an alpha 2 agonist with mu, delta and kappa opioids in an acute nociception assay. ( Baker, AK; Hoffmann, VL; Meert, TF, 2002)
"Moxonidine is a mixed I(1) imidazoline/alpha(2)moxonidine=morphine."1.31Effects of the I(1) imidazoline/alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor agonist moxonidine in comparison with clonidine in the formalin test in rats. ( Lutz, EA; Shannon, HE, 2000)
"In untreated mice, morphine, fentanyl, clonidine, oxymetazoline, desipramine and lidocaine, but not MK801, produced dose-related antinociception when tested using a 55 degrees C water tail-flick test."1.31Pharmacologic reversal of pertussis toxin-induced thermal allodynia in mice. ( Shannon, HE; Womer, DE, 2000)
"3-10 microg) and clonidine (1-30 microg) were administered to obtain the dose-response curves and the 50% effective dose (ED(50)) for each drug."1.31Intrathecal carbachol and clonidine produce a synergistic antiallodynic effect in rats with a nerve ligation injury. ( Han, SM; Hwang, JH; Lee, EJ; Park, JY; Park, PH; Sim, JY, 2002)
"Morphine and clonidine were given intrathecally through implanted catheters alone or in a 1:3 fixed ratio."1.30Synergistic antinociceptive interactions of morphine and clonidine in rats with nerve-ligation injury. ( Bian, D; Lopez, Y; Nichols, ML; Ossipov, MH; Porreca, F, 1997)
" boluses of ST to generate dose-response curves."1.30Spinal infusion of N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist MK801 induces hypersensitivity to the spinal alpha-2 agonist ST91 in the rat. ( Dunbar, SA; Yaksh, TL, 1997)
"Clonidine was more potent in CCI then in CFA rats in reducing the response to cold."1.30The cold plate as a test of nociceptive behaviors: description and application to the study of chronic neuropathic and inflammatory pain models. ( Franssen, M; Goff, JR; Janni, G; Jasmin, L; Kohan, L, 1998)
"Tizanidine (TZD) is an alpha-2-adrenergic drug with potential spinal analgesic action and could be a substitute or additive for intrathecal (i."1.30Distribution, tolerability and tissue compatibility of intrathecal tizanidine in the sheep. ( Loew, M; Ochs, G; Tonn, J; Toyka, K, 1998)
" The ability of intrathecally administered clonidine alone or in combination with morphine, DPDPE, or U50,488H to alter thresholds for the production of the visceromotor response was examined."1.29Visceral antinociceptive effects of spinal clonidine combined with morphine, [D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin, or U50,488H. ( Collins, JG; Harada, Y; Kishikawa, K; Kitahata, LM; Nishioka, K, 1995)
"clonidine was neither potentiated by i."1.29Neither cholecystokinin nor galanin modulate intrathecal clonidine-induced depression of the nociceptive flexor reflex in the rat. ( Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z; Xu, XJ, 1993)
"Idazoxan (2."1.29Noradrenergic and opioid systems interact to alter the detection of noxious thermal stimuli and facial scratching in monkeys. ( Anton, F; Dubner, R; Kenshalo, DR; Thomas, DA; Williams, GM, 1993)
" Microinjections of medetomidine into the cerebellum or the PAG produced an identical dose-response curve in the tail-flick test as that obtained following microinjection into the RVM."1.29The rostroventromedial medulla is not involved in alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated antinociception in the rat. ( Hämäläinen, MM; Pertovaara, A, 1993)
"clonidine was reversed by the selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist atipamezole."1.29Effects of intrathecal vs. systemic clonidine in treating chronic allodynia-like response in spinally injured rats. ( Hao, JX; Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z; Xu, XJ; Yu, W, 1996)
"Clonidine was found to be highly effective in arthritic animals, even at the lower concentration: the elevation in threshold produced by 30 micrograms/kg i."1.28Potent antinociceptive effects of clonidine systemically administered in an experimental model of clinical pain, the arthritic rat. ( Besson, JM; Guilbaud, G; Kayser, V, 1992)
"Naloxone pretreatment attenuated this decline."1.28Clonidine and yohimbine modulate the effects of naloxone on novelty-induced hypoalgesia. ( Dawes, P; Rochford, J, 1992)
"Evidence suggests that the pain and hyperalgesia in SMP are related to activation of peripheral adrenergic receptors."1.28Topical application of clonidine relieves hyperalgesia in patients with sympathetically maintained pain. ( Campbell, JN; Davis, KD; Meyer, RA; Raja, SN; Treede, RD, 1991)
"Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino-acid, C-terminal amidated peptide that is found in bulbospinal pathways and can inhibit the release of the primary afferent C-fiber neurotransmitter, substance P."1.28The antinociceptive effects of spinally administered neuropeptide Y in the rat: systematic studies on structure-activity relationship. ( Boublik, JH; Brown, MR; Hua, XY; Rivier, JE; Spicer, MA; Yaksh, TL, 1991)
"Pretreatment with reserpine (2 mg/kg) significantly reduced the antinociceptive activity of FR64822, when tested against acetic acid writhing."1.28Involvement of dopamine in the mechanism of action of FR64822, a novel non-opioid antinociceptive compound. ( Nomura, K; Ohkubo, Y; Yamaguchi, I, 1991)
" Dose-response curves for IT morphine were obtained in the presence of fixed doses (0."1.28Interaction of intrathecal morphine and ST-91 on antinociception in the rat: dose-response analysis, antagonism and clearance. ( Monasky, MS; Stevens, CW; Yaksh, TL; Zinsmeister, AR, 1990)
" Graded dose-response curves (DRC) were constructed from tail-flick latencies converted to % maximal possible effect (%MPE), and the ED50 calculated."1.28Spinal antinociceptive synergy between clonidine and morphine, U69593, and DPDPE: isobolographic analysis. ( Green, J; Harris, S; Lloyd, P; Lozito, R; Messineo, E; Ossipov, MH, 1990)
" dose-response curves for the effect of the chronic drug given as a bolus."1.28Potency of infused spinal antinociceptive agents is inversely related to magnitude of tolerance after continuous infusion. ( Stevens, CW; Yaksh, TL, 1989)
"Clonidine therapy was used to alleviate symptoms of narcotic analgesic withdrawal."1.27Narcotic bowel syndrome treated with clonidine. Resolution of abdominal pain and intestinal pseudo-obstruction. ( Greenberger, NJ; McPhee, MS; Sandgren, JE, 1984)
"Clonidine pretreatment did not significantly alter the effect of baclofen alone, but reversed the potentiation of the action of baclofen produced by both theophylline and isobutylmethylxanthine."1.27Clonidine reverses methylxanthine-induced potentiation of baclofen antinociception. ( Sawynok, J; Steardo, L, 1985)
"Pretreatment with clonidine had only a slight effect on long-term blockade, but yohimbine was without effect."1.27Substance P-induced long-term blockade of spinal adrenergic analgesia: reversal by morphine and naloxone. ( Nance, PW; Sawynok, J, 1987)
"Both baclofen and clonidine were injected intraperitoneally in all experiments."1.27Role of ascending and descending noradrenergic pathways in the antinociceptive effect of baclofen and clonidine. ( Reid, A; Sawynok, J, 1986)
" Yohimbine, but not naloxone, antagonized the antinociceptive effects of clonidine, whereas both yohimbine and naloxone altered the dose-response function for the effects of clonidine on blood pressure."1.27Intrathecal morphine and clonidine: antinociceptive tolerance and cross-tolerance and effects on blood pressure. ( Gebhart, GF; Solomon, RE, 1988)
" After 12 generations of selective breeding, the high antinociceptive response line exhibited about 7 times steeper dose-response curve than did the low antinociceptive response line whereas only small differences were seen with saline alone."1.27Selective breeding for levorphanol-induced antinociception on the hot-plate assay: commonalities in mechanism of action with morphine, pentazocine, ethylketocyclazocine, U-50488H and clonidine in mice. ( Belknap, JK; Danielson, PW; Laursen, SE; Noordewier, B, 1987)
" The dose-response curve of depression by morphine alone of C-fiber-evoked activity (ED50 8 micrograms) is significantly shifted by clonidine to the left (ED50 0."1.27Mutual potentiation of antinociceptive effects of morphine and clonidine on motor and sensory responses in rat spinal cord. ( Carlsson, KH; Jochim, A; Jurna, I; Wilcox, GL, 1987)
"Naloxone was found to reverse this hypoalgesic state."1.27Association between hypoalgesia and hypertension in rats after short-term isolation. ( Fuentes, JA; Naranjo, JR, 1985)

Research

Studies (318)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199069 (21.70)18.7374
1990's91 (28.62)18.2507
2000's104 (32.70)29.6817
2010's42 (13.21)24.3611
2020's12 (3.77)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Hlasta, DJ1
Luttinger, D1
Perrone, MH1
Silbernagel, MJ1
Ward, SJ1
Haubrich, DR1
Malhotra, V1
Vats, M1
Nath, R1
Mehta, S1
Kumar, R1
Bhalla, M1
Sinha, JN1
Shanker, K1
Pathak, SR1
Matsushita, Y1
Manabe, M1
Kitagawa, I1
Higuchi, M1
Hosaka, YZ1
Kitamura, N1
Punj, J1
Garg, H1
Gomez, G1
Bagri, NK1
Thakur, JP1
Singh, LD1
Jain, D1
Darlong, V1
Pandey, R1
Karam, C1
Al Assadi, S1
Kanazi, G1
Zeeni, C1
Huang, H1
Bai, X1
Zhang, K1
Guo, J1
Wu, S1
Ouyang, H1
Sorrieul, J1
Robert, J1
Vincent, L1
Andre, M1
Bourcier, B1
Bienfait, F1
Hamon, SJ1
Dupoiron, D1
Devys, C1
Carlsen Misic, M1
Eriksson, M1
Normann, E1
Pettersson, M1
Blomqvist, Y1
Olsson, E2
Steffen, DA1
Najafi, A1
Binkert, CA1
Bäcke, P1
Bruschettini, M1
Sibrecht, G1
Thernström Blomqvist, Y1
Dersch-Mills, D1
Howlett, A1
Lind, J1
Marchuk, A1
Mohammad, K1
Bromfalk, Å1
Hultin, M1
Myrberg, T1
Engström, Å1
Walldén, J1
Donato, J1
Rao, K1
Lewis, T1
Mitchell, A1
Kelly, J1
Cook, J1
Atkinson, N1
Spain, B1
Remenyi, B1
Wade, V1
Ralph, AP1
Drummond, PD2
Morellini, N1
Finch, PM1
Birklein, F1
Knudsen, LF1
Creamer, M1
Cloud, G1
Kossmehl, P1
Yochelson, M1
Francisco, GE1
Ward, AB1
Wissel, J1
Zampolini, M1
Abouihia, A1
Calabrese, A1
Saltuari, L1
Ginosar, Y1
Riley, ET1
Angst, MS1
Parsaik, AK1
Ahlskog, JE1
Singer, W1
Gelfman, R1
Sheldon, SH1
Seime, RJ1
Craft, JM1
Staab, JP1
Kantor, B1
Low, PA1
Nemergut, ME1
Yaster, M1
Colby, CE1
Delaunois, A1
De Ron, P1
Dedoncker, P1
Rosseels, ML1
Cornet, M1
Jnoff, E1
Hanon, E1
Guyaux, M1
Depelchin, BO1
Fan, QQ1
Li, L1
Wang, WT1
Yang, X2
Suo, ZW2
Hu, XD2
Ghazanfari, S1
Imenshahidi, M1
Etemad, L1
Moshiri, M1
Hosseinzadeh, H1
Ohnesorge, H1
Feng, Z1
Zitta, K1
Steinfath, M1
Albrecht, M1
Bein, B1
Wang, XT1
Lian, X1
Xu, YM1
Chapman, CR1
Bradshaw, DH1
Donaldson, GW1
Jacobson, RC1
Nakamura, Y1
Milne, B3
Jhamandas, K3
Sutak, M3
Grenier, P2
Cahill, CM3
Stone, LS1
German, JP1
Kitto, KF1
Fairbanks, CA1
Wilcox, GL2
Makau, CM2
Towett, PK2
Abelson, KS1
Kanui, TI3
Stolz, ED1
Müller, LG1
Antonio, CB1
da Costa, PF1
von Poser, GL1
Noël, F1
Rates, SM1
Wu, BT1
Chen, KT1
Liu, KS1
Chen, YW2
Hung, CH2
Wang, JJ2
Bassani, AS1
Banov, D1
Ragavendran, JV1
Laferrière, A1
Bennett, GJ1
Ware, MA1
Gandhi, W1
Bley, K1
Schweinhardt, P1
Coderre, TJ1
Vo, L1
Hood, S1
Nag, S4
Mokha, SS4
Ehieli, E1
Yalamuri, S1
Brudney, CS1
Pyati, S1
Abelson, KSP1
Malchow, RJ1
Black, IH1
Giovannoni, MP1
Ghelardini, C1
Vergelli, C1
Dal Piaz, V1
Nazarian, A1
Christianson, CA1
Hua, XY2
Yaksh, TL9
Wang, Q1
Limbird, LE1
Ou-Yang, HD1
Zeng, WA1
Li, Q1
He, WX1
Wang, PZ1
Lin, LL1
Zhang, ZQ1
Liu, XG1
Nielsen, JB1
Sjøgren, P1
Yoon, MH4
Park, HC1
Kim, WM3
Lee, HG3
Kim, YO2
Huang, LJ3
Yoon, SY2
Roh, DH2
Kwon, YB1
Kim, HW1
Seo, HS2
Han, HJ2
Lee, HJ1
Beitz, AJ2
Lee, JH2
Gulati, A2
Bhalla, S1
Matwyshyn, G2
Zhang, Z1
Andurkar, SV2
Kim, CM2
An, TH1
Feng, X1
Zhang, F1
Dong, R1
Li, W1
Liu, J1
Zhao, X1
Xue, Q1
Yu, B1
Xu, J2
Schreiber, S2
Frishtick, R1
Volis, I1
Rubovitch, V1
Pick, CG2
Weizman, R1
Ulger, F1
Bozkurt, A1
Bilge, SS1
Ilkaya, F1
Dilek, A1
Bostanci, MO1
Ciftcioglu, E1
Güldogus, F1
Yao, XH1
Zhou, P1
Huang, Y1
Wang, B1
Chen, CY1
Qing, ZH1
Cardinaletti, C1
Mattioli, L1
Ghelfi, F1
Del Bello, F1
Giannella, M1
Bruzzone, A1
Paris, H1
Perfumi, M1
Piergentili, A1
Quaglia, W1
Pigini, M1
Song, S1
Cao, J1
Shi, X1
Miao, X1
Young, S3
Vainio, M1
Scheinin, M2
Dukat, M4
Boxwalla, M1
Puppala, BL1
Fortinguerra, F1
Maschi, S1
Clavenna, A1
Bonati, M1
Wallace, MS1
Rauck, RL2
Deer, T1
Attigah, N1
Kutter, J1
Demirel, S1
Hakimi, M1
Hinz, U1
Motsch, J1
Böckler, D1
Choi, JI1
Rocha, AP1
Barros, GA1
Nascimento, Jdos S1
Santos, KP1
Vasconcelos, LM1
Castro, PA1
Davoody, L1
Quiton, RL1
Lucas, JM1
Ji, Y1
Keller, A1
Masri, R1
Chu, CC1
Chen, YC1
Hsueh, MI1
Maruta, T1
Nemoto, T1
Satoh, S1
Kanai, T1
Yanagita, T1
Wada, A1
Tsuneyoshi, I1
Neil, MJ1
Patel, D1
Naik, S1
Misra, A1
El-Hefnawy, AS1
Helmy, T1
El-Assmy, MM1
Sarhan, O1
Hafez, AT1
Dawaba, M1
Walker, SM2
Grafe, M1
Hayashida, K1
Kimura, M1
Yoshizumi, M1
Hobo, S1
Obata, H2
Eisenach, JC17
Dworkin, RH1
Lin, CR1
Chuang, YC1
Cheng, JT1
Wang, CJ1
Yang, LC1
Backo, AL1
Clause, SL1
Triller, DM1
Gibbs, KA1
Goudas, LC2
Cousins, MJ5
Carr, DB2
Jain, NK1
Kulkarni, SK1
Singh, A1
Lavand'homme, PM1
Ma, W1
De Kock, M2
Baker, AK1
Hoffmann, VL1
Meert, TF1
Blednov, YA1
Stoffel, M2
Alva, H1
Harris, RA1
Mitrovic, I1
Margeta-Mitrovic, M1
Bader, S1
Jan, LY1
Basbaum, AI1
Ozdoğan, UK1
Lähdesmäki, J1
Gain, P1
Thuret, G1
Chiquet, C1
Pascal, J1
Michaud, P1
Maugery, J1
Navez, ML1
Kang, YJ1
Hildebrand, KR1
Elsberry, DD1
Hassenbusch, SJ1
Hargreaves, KM1
Jackson, DL1
Bowles, WR1
Parisod, E1
Siddall, PJ3
Viney, M1
McClelland, JM1
Paqueron, X2
Conklin, D1
Ackerman, LL1
Follett, KA1
Rosenquist, RW1
De Rossi, R1
Bucker, GV1
Varela, JV1
McCleane, G1
Kumar, P1
Jain, MK1
Bowen, G1
Viscusi, ER1
Andonakakis, A1
Bischoff, P2
Schmidt, GN1
Scharein, E1
Bromm, B2
Schulte am Esch, J1
Nishiyama, T3
Hanaoka, K4
Hutschala, D1
Mascher, H1
Schmetterer, L1
Klimscha, W2
Fleck, T1
Eichler, HG1
Tschernko, EM1
Shin, SW1
Rao, SG1
Tong, C1
Maruyama, K1
Takeda, S1
Hongo, T1
Kobayashi, N1
Kim, C1
Ogawa, R3
Zhao, ZQ2
Lacey, G1
Hendry, IA1
Morton, CR1
Kern, U1
Martin, C1
Scheicher, S1
Müller, H1
Wesolowska, A1
Imanaga, K1
Wajima, Z2
Inoue, T2
Schechtmann, G1
Wallin, J1
Meyerson, BA1
Linderoth, B1
de Padua, AI1
de Castro, M1
Schmidt, A1
Coutinho Neto, J1
Terra Filho, J1
Martinez, JA1
Kayacan, N1
Arici, G1
Karsli, B1
Bigat, Z1
Akar, M1
Sabetkasaie, M1
Vala, S1
Khansefid, N1
Hosseini, AR1
Sadat Ladgevardi, MA1
Leiphart, JW2
Dills, CV2
Levy, RM2
Koga, K1
Honda, K1
Ando, S1
Harasawa, I2
Kamiya, HO1
Takano, Y1
Tanaka, H1
Fukuda, I1
Miyamoto, A1
Oka, R1
Cho, K1
Fujieda, K1
Rudich, Z1
Peng, P1
Dunn, E1
McCartney, C1
Classen, AM1
Wimbish, GH1
Kupiec, TC1
Varga, EV1
Hosohata, K1
Borys, D1
Navratilova, E1
Nylen, A1
Vanderah, TW1
Porreca, F3
Roeske, WR1
Yamamura, HI1
Li, X2
Miura, T1
Okazaki, R1
Yoshida, H1
Namba, H1
Okai, H1
Kawamura, M1
Chernes, Y1
Rigai, T1
Rice, KC1
Aronov, S2
Ben-Abraham, R2
Givati-Divshi, D2
Katz, Y2
Inomata, S1
Kakiuchi, Y1
Miyabe, M1
Ohara, Y1
Sukegawa, I1
Osaka, Y1
Kohda, Y1
Toyooka, H1
Romero-Sandoval, EA1
McCall, C1
Duflo, F1
Boselli, E1
Ryvlin, P1
Chassard, D2
Wesołowska, A1
Romero-Sandoval, A1
Hauck, M1
Schmidt, G1
Zimmermann, R1
Lorenz, J1
Morrow, TJ1
Ishiyama, T1
Kashimoto, S1
Oguchi, T1
Furuya, A1
Fukushima, H1
Kumazawa, T1
Roelants, F1
Vranken, JH1
van Kan, HJ1
van der Vegt, MH1
Danelli, G1
Nuzzi, M1
Salcuni, PF1
Caberti, L1
Berti, M1
Rossini, E1
Casati, A1
Fanelli, G1
Mathes, WF1
Kanarek, RB1
Martin, TJ1
Kim, SA1
Buechler, NL1
Glennon, RA1
Gil, DW1
Cheevers, CV1
Donello, JE1
Ortiz, JP1
Heinricher, MM1
Selden, NR1
Li, C1
Sekiyama, H1
Hayashida, M1
Takeda, K1
Sumida, T1
Sawamura, S1
Yamada, Y1
Arita, H1
Tomić, MA1
Vucković, SM1
Stepanović-Petrović, RM1
Ugresić, ND1
Paranos, SLj1
Prostran, MS1
Bosković, B1
Thompson, AD1
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Johnston, SE1
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Goldstein, FJ1
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Courteix, C1
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Chantelauze, C1
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Eschalier, A1
Tjølsen, A1
Lund, A1
Mjellem-Joly, N1
Hole, K2
Puke, MJ2
Hämäläinen, MM1
Pertovaara, A1
Gurtu, S1
Shukla, S1
Mukerjee, D1
Olson, EE1
Hogan, QH1
Abram, SE1
Raja, SN2
Meyer, RA2
Campbell, JN2
Rochford, J3
Dawes, P3
Jackson, K1
Young, LD1
Southern, J1
Stewart, J1
Eisenach, J2
Detweiler, D1
Hood, D1
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Wandres, DL1
Schroeder, DJ1
Dickenson, AH1
Raffa, RB1
Connelly, CD1
Chambers, JR1
Stone, DJ1
Taniguchi, K1
Yoshitake, S1
Iwasaka, H1
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Santos, AR1
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Glynn, C2
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Karim, F1
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Hao, JX2
Yu, W1
Mathon, L1
Dailler, F1
Golfier, F1
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Boulétreau, P1
Stevens, CW3
Brenner, GM1
Lopez, Y1
Bian, D1
Nichols, ML1
Ono, N1
Kroin, JS1
Penn, RD1
Paice, JA1
Main, DC1
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Kilpatrick, IC1
Jones, A1
Dunbar, SA1
Kawamata, T1
Omote, K1
Kawamata, M1
Iwasaki, H2
Namiki, A2
Nguyen, TT1
Matsumoto, K1
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Kagawa, T1
Horikawa, Y1
Ohnishi, H1
Obara, H1
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Petersen-Felix, S1
Arendt-Nielsen, L1
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Wang, Y1
Cheng, CY1
Wang, JY1
Lin, JC1
Budai, D2
Fields, HL2
Damulin, IV1
Shelley, WB1
Shelley, ED1
Jasmin, L1
Kohan, L1
Franssen, M1
Janni, G1
Goff, JR1
Burnstein, Y1
Shelton, K1
Higginbotham, EJ1
Ochs, G1
Loew, M1
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Toyka, K1
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Pan, HL4
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Steinberg, RB1
Madabhushi, L1
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Shannon, HE2
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Malcolm, A2
Camilleri, M2
Kost, L1
Burton, DD2
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Zinsmeister, AR3
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Rueter, LE1
Meyer, MD1
Decker, MW1
Fahlke, C1
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Molloy, AR1
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Mather, LE1
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Gyermek, L1
Lee, C1
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Yamaguchi, T1
Hao, S1
Takahata, O1
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Yoo, KY1
Jeong, CY1
Yoshikawa, T1
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Viramontes, BE1
Szarka, LA1
McKinzie, S1
Lee, EJ1
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Park, JY1
Hwang, JH1
Park, PH1
Han, SM1
Zarrindast, MR1
Sahebgharani, M1
Schapiro, RT1
Uhle, EI1
Becker, R1
Gatscher, S1
Bertalanffy, H1
Noerr, B1
Besson, JM1
Glynn, CJ2
Jamous, MA2
Teddy, PJ2
Fishbain, DA1
Rosomoff, HL1
Rosomoff, RS1
Wakita, K1
Boell, R1
Smith, BD1
Baudendistel, LJ1
Gibbons, JJ1
Schweiss, JF1
Zeigler, D1
Lynch, SA1
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Davis, KD1
Treede, RD1
Zhukov, VN1
Troian, IuIu1
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Spicer, MA1
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Brown, MR1
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Khar'kovskiĭ, AO1
Foo, H1
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Ohkubo, Y1
Nomura, K1
Yamaguchi, I1
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Gebhart, GF4
Monasky, MS1
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Saada, M2
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Farcot, JM2
Mercky, F1
Grasser, C1
Boico, O1
Kuznetsova, OIu1
Mikhaĭlovich, VA1
Ruksin, VV1
Coventry, DM1
Todd, G1
Butkhuzi, SM1
Kolchin, VV1
Moroz, BT1
Sakvarelidze, ZA1
Jørum, E1
Kameyama, T2
Nabeshima, T2
Matsuno, K2
Sugimoto, A1
Moore, RA1
Lloyd, JW1
Laugner, B1
Thiébaut, JB1
Curtis, AL1
Marwah, J1
Pappas, BA1
Ings, R1
Wikberg, JE1
Hajós, M1
Jimenez, AC1
Gusmorino, P1
Pinter, I1
Snow, B1
Reid, A1
Geng, WP1
Xu, SY1
Dawson, D1
Sanders, R1
Hardy, PA1
Wells, JC1
Solomon, RE1
Ness, TJ1
Hughes, HE1
Barr, GA1
Duggan, AW1
Belknap, JK1
Danielson, PW1
Laursen, SE1
Noordewier, B1
Carlsson, KH1
Jochim, A1
Jurna, I1
Duan, J1
Schwarz, KO1
Swain, R1
Jørgensen, HA1
Fasmer, OB1
Tan, YM1
Croese, J1
Gordh, T1
Hartvig, P1
Yu, GD1
Chen, JS1
Yin, WP1
Yin, QZ1
O'Neill, TP1
Haigler, HJ1
Naranjo, JR1
Fuentes, JA1
Chatterjee, TK1
Paalzow, L1
Schneider, KW1
Hanington, E1
Boissier, JR1
Zebrowska-Lupina, I1
Simon, P1

Clinical Trials (13)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
A Sequential Allocation Study to Determine the ED50 of Dexmetedomidine as an Adjuvant to Lidocaine Intravenous Regional Anesthesia[NCT05342870]23 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-08-31Completed
Clonidine as Pain Relief During ROP Eye Examinations[NCT04902859]Phase 450 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-04-25Recruiting
A Randomized, Controlled, Open-label, Parallel-group, Multi-center Study to Compare the Effect of Intrathecal Baclofen Therapy Versus Best Medical Treatment on Severe Spasticity in Post-stroke Patients After 6 Months Active Treatment[NCT01032239]Phase 461 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-11-30Completed
The Effects of Topical Treatment With Clonidine + Pentoxifylline in Patients With Neuropathic Pain[NCT03342950]Phase 24 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-02-19Terminated (stopped due to Low recruitment due to the COVID-19 pandemic)
Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Femoral Nerve Blockade and Standard Parenteral Opioid Pain Management Alone in Patients With Hip Fracture in the Emergency Department[NCT02381717]60 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-08-31Recruiting
Managing Acute Pain in Critically Ill Non-communicative Palliative Care Patients[NCT02127086]377 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-03-31Completed
Guanfacine for PONV and Pain After Sinus Surgery[NCT02882854]84 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-11-30Completed
The Evaluation of the Combination of Magnesium and Lidocaine for the Pretreatment of Pain That is Caused by the Injection of Propofol.[NCT01342510]Phase 4200 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-04-30Completed
Hemodynamic Effect of Intrathecal Clonidine in Hypertensive Subjects: A Pilot Study to Assess Its Effectiveness in Hypertensive Subjects With Poor Blood Pressure Control (Phase II)[NCT01297335]Phase 210 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-02-28Completed
Study of the Efficiency of the Ketamine With Low Analgesic Doses, in Association With High Opioids, in the Treatment of the Rebels Pains, in Palliative Phase of the Cancerous Disease[NCT01326325]Phase 324 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-07-31Completed
Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block for Cesarean Section[NCT01015807]90 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-11-30Completed
Comparison Between Intravenous and Intrathecal Clonidine in Post-cesarean Analgesia[NCT02550444]64 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-04-30Completed
Effects of Lidocaine Patch on Intradermal Capsaicin Induced Pain and Hyperalgesia[NCT00373893]Phase 112 participants Interventional2005-12-31Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Change in Average 10 Meter Time Walking Test (10MTWT) From Baseline to Month 6

Change in average 10MTWT from baseline to month 6 beetween ITB and BMT arm. Change=10MTWT at month 6 - 10MTWT at baseline (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6

Interventionseconds (Mean)
ITB Therapy4.86
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)-2.48

Change in Average Ashworth Scale (AS) in Affected Lower Extremities From Baseline to Month 6

"AS is a manual test, measuring the resistance to passive movement about a joint with varying degrees of velocity. Scores range from 1-5, with 5 choices. A score of 1 indicates no resistance, and 5 indicates rigidity. The following muscle groups in the lower extremities were assessed: hip flexors, hip adductors, knee extensors, knee flexors, plantar flexors and ankle-dorsal flexors. Average AS was calculated as the average of AS scores of the 6 muscles of the affected lower extremity. Change in average AS in affected lower extremities from baseline to month 6 between ITB and BMT arm was assessed.~Change= AS at month 6 - AS at baseline." (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
ITB Therapy-0.99
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)-0.43

Change in Average Ashworth Scale (AS) in Affected Upper Extremities From Baseline to Month 6

"AS is a manual test, measuring the resistance to passive movement about a joint with varying degrees of velocity. Scores range from 1-5, with 5 choices. A score of 1 indicates no resistance, and 5 indicates rigidity. The following muscle groups in the upper extremities were assessed: wrist flexors, elbow flexors, elbow extensors, shoulder abductors and shoulder adductors. Average AS was calculated as the average of AS scores of the 5 muscles of the affected lower extremities. Change in average AS in affected upper extremities from baseline to month 6 between ITB and BMT arm was assessed.~Change= AS at month 6 - AS at baseline." (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
ITB Therapy-0.66
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)-0.17

Change in Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Score From Baseline to Month 6

FIM contains 18 items composed of 13 motor tasks and 5 cognitive tasks. Tasks are rated on a 7-point ordinal scale that ranges from total assistance (or complete dependence) to complete independence. Ratings should reflect actual observed performance, not capability. Total score ranges from 18 (lowest) to 126 (highest) level of independence. Change in FIM total score from baseline to month 6 between ITB and BMT arm was assessed. Change=FIM score at month 6 - FIM score at baseline. (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
ITB Therapy2.68
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)-2.58

Change in Stroke Specific Quality of Life (SS-QoL ) From Baseline to Month 6

"SS-QoL questionnaire is a self-assessed quality of life questionnaire specifically designed for post-stroke patients. It evaluates 49 items across 12-domains: personality, energy, language, mobility, vision, upper extremity function, thinking, mood, work/productivity, self-care, and family and social roles. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert Scale, measuring either positive or negative response to a statement. Summary score is composed of an unweighted average of the 12 domain scores, with higher scores indicating better QoL. Total score ranges from 1 to 5. Change in SS-QoL summary score from baseline to month 6 between ITB and BMT arm was assessed.~Change=SS-QoL score at month 6 - SS-QoL score at baseline." (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
ITB Therapy0.26
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)0.05

Change in Euro QoL Group-5 Dimensional, 3 Level Version (EQ-5D-3L) From Baseline to Month 6

"The EQ-5D-3L is a generic measure of health status consisting in the EQ-5D-3L descriptive system and the EQ visual analogue scale (EQ VAS). The EQ-5D-3L descriptive system is characterized on five dimensions: mobility, self-care, ability to undertake usual activities, pain and anxiety/depression. Patients were asked to indicate their level of health on each dimension using one of three levels: no health problems, moderate health problems, and severe health problems. Responses from the questionnaire were converted to a single health index utility score; this ranges from -0.595 to 1. EQ VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale from 0 to 100 where the endpoints are labelled 'Best imaginable health state' (100) and 'Worst imaginable health state' (0). Change in EQ-5D-3L utility score and VAS score from baseline to month 6 between ITB and BMT arm were assessed. Change=EQ-5D-3L utility or VAS score at month 6 - EQ-5D-3L utility or VAS score." (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Utility ScoreVAS
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)0.014.40
ITB Therapy0.099.68

Change in Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) From Baseline to Month 6

"NPRS is designed to assess the level of pain a patient is feeling at a point in time. The following questions has been presented to patients: What is your actual spasticity-related or spasm-related pain? What was your least spasticity-related or spasm-related pain during the last week? What was your worst spasticity-related or spasm-related pain during the last week? The patient indicated how much pain he is feeling on a scale from 0 to 10. A score of 0 (zero) is no pain while a score of 10 (ten) is worst possible pain. Change in NPRS related to actual, least or worst pain from baseline to month 6 between ITB and BMT arm was assessed. Change=NPRS at month 6 - NPRS at baseline." (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Actual painLeast PainWorst Pain
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)0.000.24-0.04
ITB Therapy-1.17-1.61-1.35

Change in SF-12 (12-item Short Form) From Baseline to Month 6

The SF-12 is generic assessment of health-related quality of life, which evaluates 8 health dimensions (physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, vitality, social functioning, role emotional, mental health, and general health). Subscale scores for each dimension were aggregated into summary scores for physical (PCS) and mental health (MCS) components (ranging from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health). Changes in the PCS and MCS from baseline to Month 6 were both compared between the BMT and ITB arms. Change=SF-12 score at month 6 - SF-12 score at baseline. (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: Baseline and month 6

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
PCSMCS
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)-1.13-0.82
ITB Therapy3.131.05

Healthcare Resource Utilization

Number of patients with healthcare professional contacts outside of study visits in the ITB and BMT between baseline and months 6 (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: baseline, ITB test (only ITB arm), second assessment (only BMT arm), week 6 (only ITB arm), month 3, month 6

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Baseline : general practitionerBaseline : neurologistBaseline : nurse (hospital setting)Baseline : nurse (home care)Baseline : orthopedic surgeonBaseline : otherITB test:general practitionerITB test: neurologistITB test :otherSecond Assessment: general practitionerSecond Assessment: neurologistSecond Assessment: nurse (home care)Second Assessment: otherweek 6: general practitionerweek 6: nurse (hospital setting)week 6: othermonth 3: general practitionermonth 3: neurologistmonth 3: othermonth 6: general practitionermonth 6: neurologistmonth 6: other
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)8801013NANANA5114NANANA8397211
ITB Therapy14410310113NANANANA422716838

Number of Participants Who Were Able to Transfer From the Wheelchair to Bed Without Human Assistance

Patient was asked to transfer from the wheelchair to bed without human assistance. High level functional patient (HLP) could transfer. Low level functional patient (LLP) was not able to transfer. Comparison of the number and percentage of HLP and LLP between ITB and BMT arms was evaluated. (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: baseline, month 3, month 6

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Baseline72364475Baseline72364476Month 372364475Month 372364476Month 672364475Month 672364476
HLPLLP
ITB Therapy22
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)24
ITB Therapy9
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)21
ITB Therapy6
ITB Therapy19
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)19
ITB Therapy5
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)5

Therapy Satisfaction

"Patients were presented with two statements (I am satisfied with the reduction in spasticity provided by my treatment, and I would recommend this therapy to a friend). They agreed, disagreed or were neutral with the statements." (NCT01032239)
Timeframe: month 6

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Patient Satisfaction with Spasticity Reduction72364475Patient Satisfaction with Spasticity Reduction72364476Patient Therapy Reccomandation72364475Patient Therapy Reccomandation72364476
disagreeneutralagree
ITB Therapy2
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)7
ITB Therapy4
ITB Therapy16
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)11
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)5
ITB Therapy3
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)4
Best Medical Treatment (BMT)14

PACU Length of Stay in Minutes

(NCT02882854)
Timeframe: Time frame between arrival and discharge in PACU, approximately 90 minutes

Interventionminutes (Median)
Guanfacine128
Placebo110

Postoperative Nausea Assessment Using 11-point Nausea Scale (nVRS)

PONV assessed using nVRS at 24 hours postop when 0 is no nausea and 10 is worst nausea. (NCT02882854)
Timeframe: 24 hours post op

Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
Guanfacine0.00
Placebo0.00

Postoperative Pain Assessment Using 11-point Visual/Verbal Analog (VAS)

Postoperative pain assessment using VAS at 24 hours postop when 0 is no pain and 10 is worst pain (NCT02882854)
Timeframe: 24 hours postop

Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
Guanfacine3
Placebo2

Total Narcotic Requirement in PACU

Total narcotic requirement in PACU tallied in morphine equivalents during PACU stay (NCT02882854)
Timeframe: Time frame between arrival and discharge in PACU, approximately 90 minutes

Interventionmorphine equivalents (Median)
Guanfacine8.75
Placebo7.50

Maximum Postoperative Pain Assessment Using 11-point Visual/Verbal Analog (VAS)

Maximum postoperative pain assessment assessed in PACU at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after PACU arrival using VAS when 0 is no pain and 10 is worst pain (NCT02882854)
Timeframe: 15, 30, 60 minutes after arriving in PACU

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
15 minutes after PACU admission7248297715 minutes after PACU admission7248297830 minutes after PACU admission7248297730 minutes after PACU admission7248297860 minutes after PACU admission7248297760 minutes after PACU admission72482978
Mild (Pain nVRS 1-5)Moderate/Severe (Pain nVRS 6-10)None (Pain nVRS 0)
Guanfacine31
Placebo24
Guanfacine0
Placebo5
Guanfacine8
Placebo10
Guanfacine18
Placebo20
Guanfacine7
Placebo6
Guanfacine14
Placebo14
Guanfacine12
Placebo16
Guanfacine6
Placebo13
Guanfacine21
Placebo12

Number of Patients With Pain Associated With Injection of Propofol.

"Ten seconds following injection of propofol, subjects were asked Are you having pain at your IV site? Any behavioral signs were noted. Injection pain was assessed using the following four point scale: 0 = no pain; 1 = mild pain (pain reported only in response to questioning and without behavioral signs); 2 = moderate pain (pain reported in response to questioning and accompanied by a behavioral sign, or pain reported spontaneously without questioning); and 3 = severe pain (strong vocal response or response accompanied by facial grimacing, arm withdrawal, or tears)." (NCT01342510)
Timeframe: < 1 minute.

Interventionparticipants reporting pain (Number)
Lidocaine11
Magnesium25
Lidocaine/Magnesium15
Control18

Percentage of Participants Reporting Pain With Injection of Propofol

Following injection of the study drug, 50 mg of propofol will be injected. Ten seconds after propofol, subjects will be asked a standard question about pain. Behavioral signs will be noted. Pain will be assessed using a four point scale: 0=no pain, 1=mild pain (pain reported only in response to questioning and without behavioral signs), 2=moderate pain (pain reported in response to questioning and a behavioral sign, or pain reported without questioning), 3=severe pain (strong vocal response or behavioral response). (NCT01342510)
Timeframe: Approximately 10 seconds following administration of propofol.

Interventionpercentage of patients reporting pain (Number)
Lidocaine29
Magnesium57
Lidocaine/Magnesium41
Control46

Change in Blood Pressure After Intrathecal Injection of Clonidine.

"Subjects baseline blood pressure (systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)), and blood pressures after clonidine injection was compared against baseline to assess efficacy of clonidine in refractory hypertensive subjects. Subject's blood pressure was monitored continuously after intrathecal injection of clonidine until subjects blood pressure nadir and return to pre clonidine injection level. The mean value reported below are the average changes in blood pressure from baseline (pre clonidine injection) in both SBP and DBP during post clonidine injection blood pressure monitoring for 4 hours.~Blood pressure measurements were collected every 10 minutes for first hour after injection, and every 15 minutes after the first hour, up to 4 hours were averaged to report the change from baseline." (NCT01297335)
Timeframe: Baseline, Every 10 Minutes for first hour after clonidine injection, and every 15 minutes after first hour, until 4 hours after clonidine injection

Interventionmm Hg (Mean)
Change in mean SBP after clonidine injectionChange in DBP after clonidine injection
Intrathecal Clonidine7937

Changes in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Ratings of Sedation and Sensation of Dry Mouth Reported by the Subjects, Pre and 1 Hour Post Injection

Subjects were asked to rate severity of two of the most common side effects of clonidine, sedation and sensation of dry mouth, at pre and post (1 hour after) intrathecal administration of clonidine. The mean changes between pre and post injection VAS ratings of sedation and sensation of dry mouth are reported below. The VAS scale ranges from 1 to 10 cm, with higher values indicating higher level of sedation and higher level of dry mouth. (NCT01297335)
Timeframe: Before clonidine injection (Baseline), and at 1 hour after clonidine injection.

Interventioncm (Mean)
Change in level of sedationChange in sensation of dry mouth
Intrathecal Clonidine3.363.47

Likert Scale Pain Rating

Likert scale is 11 point digital pain rating system that asks subjects to rate their pain from 0 to 10. Rating of 0 means no pain at all, and in increasing order, 10 would mean worst pain imaginable/ unbearable pain. (NCT01297335)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 1 hour post injection.

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Pre-injection average Likert scorePost-injection average Likert score
Intrathecal Clonidine6.53.6

Wound Hyperalgesia Index (WHA) Assessed 48 Hrs After Block Placement in the Different Groups

Determine which of three different TAP formulations (Placebo, TAP, Clo-TAP) has the most beneficial effect on the postoperative area of hyperalgesia 48hrs after the start of the cesarean section. The smaller the area of WHA, assessed in cm2, the better the outcome. Area sizes may range from 0 to any size. (NCT01015807)
Timeframe: 48hrs after CS

Interventioncm^2 (Mean)
Placebo1.07
TAP (Bupi)1.27
Clo-TAP (Bupi + Clon)0.74

Reviews

29 reviews available for clonidine and Ache

ArticleYear
Pharmacological interventions for pain and sedation management in newborn infants undergoing therapeutic hypothermia.
    The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2022, 11-10, Volume: 11

    Topics: Clonidine; Dexmedetomidine; Humans; Hypothermia, Induced; Infant, Newborn; Morphine Derivatives; Obs

2022
Pharmacology of Common Analgesic and Sedative Drugs Used in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.
    Clinics in perinatology, 2019, Volume: 46, Issue:4

    Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Clonidine; C

2019
Sedation and analgesia to facilitate mechanical ventilation.
    Clinics in perinatology, 2013, Volume: 40, Issue:3

    Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Benzodiazepines; Clonidine; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infant;

2013
Analgesia in the surgical intensive care unit.
    Postgraduate medical journal, 2017, Volume: 93, Issue:1095

    Topics: Acetaminophen; Amines; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthetics, Local; C

2017
The evolution of pain management in the critically ill trauma patient: Emerging concepts from the global war on terrorism.
    Critical care medicine, 2008, Volume: 36, Issue:7 Suppl

    Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Ste

2008
The evolution of pain management in the critically ill trauma patient: Emerging concepts from the global war on terrorism.
    Critical care medicine, 2008, Volume: 36, Issue:7 Suppl

    Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Ste

2008
The evolution of pain management in the critically ill trauma patient: Emerging concepts from the global war on terrorism.
    Critical care medicine, 2008, Volume: 36, Issue:7 Suppl

    Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Ste

2008
The evolution of pain management in the critically ill trauma patient: Emerging concepts from the global war on terrorism.
    Critical care medicine, 2008, Volume: 36, Issue:7 Suppl

    Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Ste

2008
Alpha2-agonists as analgesic agents.
    Medicinal research reviews, 2009, Volume: 29, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Humans; Pain

2009
[Clonidine in the treatment of cancer pain].
    Ugeskrift for laeger, 2008, Nov-03, Volume: 170, Issue:45

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Clonidine; Humans; Injections, Epidural; Injections, Spinal;

2008
Pain management in the paediatric population: the regulatory situation in Europe.
    Archives of disease in childhood, 2010, Volume: 95, Issue:9

    Topics: Adolescent; Analgesics; Buprenorphine; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Drug and Narcotic Control

2010
Ziconotide combination intrathecal therapy: rationale and evidence.
    The Clinical journal of pain, 2010, Volume: 26, Issue:7

    Topics: Analgesics; Baclofen; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; om

2010
Clonidine: clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use in pain management.
    Current clinical pharmacology, 2011, Volume: 6, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans;

2011
Combination spinal analgesic chemotherapy: a systematic review.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2002, Volume: 95, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Antineoplastic Agents; Cholineste

2002
Pharmacological management of neuropathic pain.
    CNS drugs, 2003, Volume: 17, Issue:14

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Baclofen;

2003
Spinal agents for acute pain management.
    Current pain and headache reports, 2004, Volume: 8, Issue:1

    Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Chronic Disease; C

2004
The use of neuraxial adjuvant drugs (neostigmine, clonidine) in obstetrics.
    Current opinion in anaesthesiology, 2006, Volume: 19, Issue:3

    Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics; Cesarean Section; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clonidine; Female;

2006
MD-354: what is it good for?
    CNS drug reviews, 2007,Spring, Volume: 13, Issue:1

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Guanidines; Humans

2007
Clonidine: new research in psychotropic drug pharmacology.
    Medicinal research reviews, 1981,Spring, Volume: 1, Issue:1

    Topics: Aggression; Analgesics; Animals; Anxiety Disorders; Arousal; Avoidance Learning; Behavior, Animal; B

1981
Spinal antinociception: clinical aspects.
    Annals of medicine, 1995, Volume: 27, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Dru

1995
Clonidine in pain management.
    The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 1993, Volume: 27, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Injections, Epidural; Inj

1993
Neurophysiology of opioid poorly responsive pain.
    Cancer surveys, 1994, Volume: 21

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Central Nervous System; Clonidine; Dextromethorphan; Dextrorphan; Dynor

1994
alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists for regional anesthesia. A clinical review of clonidine (1984-1995).
    Anesthesiology, 1996, Volume: 85, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Conduction; Clon

1996
alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists for regional anesthesia. A clinical review of clonidine (1984-1995).
    Anesthesiology, 1996, Volume: 85, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Conduction; Clon

1996
alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists for regional anesthesia. A clinical review of clonidine (1984-1995).
    Anesthesiology, 1996, Volume: 85, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Conduction; Clon

1996
alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists for regional anesthesia. A clinical review of clonidine (1984-1995).
    Anesthesiology, 1996, Volume: 85, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Conduction; Clon

1996
alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists for regional anesthesia. A clinical review of clonidine (1984-1995).
    Anesthesiology, 1996, Volume: 85, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Conduction; Clon

1996
alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists for regional anesthesia. A clinical review of clonidine (1984-1995).
    Anesthesiology, 1996, Volume: 85, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Conduction; Clon

1996
alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists for regional anesthesia. A clinical review of clonidine (1984-1995).
    Anesthesiology, 1996, Volume: 85, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Conduction; Clon

1996
alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists for regional anesthesia. A clinical review of clonidine (1984-1995).
    Anesthesiology, 1996, Volume: 85, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Conduction; Clon

1996
alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists for regional anesthesia. A clinical review of clonidine (1984-1995).
    Anesthesiology, 1996, Volume: 85, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Conduction; Clon

1996
[The use of sirdalud in painful muscle tonic syndromes].
    Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 1997, Volume: 69, Issue:10

    Topics: Clonidine; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle Spasticity; Muscle Tonus; Muscular Diseases; Pa

1997
Aquadynia: noradrenergic pain induced by bathing and responsive to clonidine.
    Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1998, Volume: 38, Issue:2 Pt 2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Baths; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Female; Human

1998
Alpha 2-agonist agents: a review for CRNAs.
    CRNA : the clinical forum for nurse anesthetists, 1998, Volume: 9, Issue:3

    Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Clonidine; Humans; Hypertension; Nurse Anesthetist

1998
Promising non-narcotic analgesic techniques for labour.
    Bailliere's clinical obstetrics and gynaecology, 1998, Volume: 12, Issue:3

    Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Clonidine; Epinephrine; Female; Humans; Midazolam;

1998
Management of spasticity, pain, and paroxysmal phenomena in multiple sclerosis.
    Current neurology and neuroscience reports, 2001, Volume: 1, Issue:3

    Topics: Acetates; Amines; Autoimmune Diseases; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Cannabin

2001
Transdermal clonidine.
    Neonatal network : NN, 2000, Volume: 19, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Analgesics; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance;

2000
Detoxification of nonopiate drugs in the chronic pain setting and clonidine opiate detoxification.
    The Clinical journal of pain, 1992, Volume: 8, Issue:3

    Topics: Analgesics; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Humans; Pain; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome

1992
The narcotic bowel syndrome.
    Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 1989, Volume: 11, Issue:2

    Topics: Abdomen; Clonidine; Humans; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction; Narcotics; Pain; Substance Withdrawal Syn

1989
Migraine.
    Transactions of the Medical Society of London, 1971, Volume: 87

    Topics: Blood Vessels; Cacao; Cheese; Clonidine; Diet Therapy; Eye Diseases; Food; Headache; Hematologic Dis

1971

Trials

49 trials available for clonidine and Ache

ArticleYear
Clonidine as analgesia during retinopathy of prematurity screening in preterm infants (cloROP): protocol for a randomised controlled trial.
    BMJ open, 2022, 09-22, Volume: 12, Issue:9

    Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Clonidine; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premat

2022
Postoperative recovery in preschool-aged children: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing premedication with midazolam, clonidine, and dexmedetomidine.
    Paediatric anaesthesia, 2023, Volume: 33, Issue:11

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Dexme

2023
Effect of Intrathecal Baclofen on Pain and Quality of Life in Poststroke Spasticity.
    Stroke, 2018, Volume: 49, Issue:9

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Baclofen; Benzodiazepines; Clonidine; Dantrolene; Female; Humans; Infusi

2018
Analgesic and sympatholytic effects of low-dose intrathecal clonidine compared with bupivacaine: a dose-response study in female volunteers.
    British journal of anaesthesia, 2013, Volume: 111, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Cross-

2013
Central noradrenergic mechanisms and the acute stress response during painful stimulation.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2014, Volume: 28, Issue:12

    Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic Neurons; Adult; Brain; Clonidine; Doubl

2014
Effects of topical combinations of clonidine and pentoxifylline on capsaicin-induced allodynia and postcapsaicin tourniquet-induced pain in healthy volunteers: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study.
    Pain, 2016, Volume: 157, Issue:10

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesics; Capsaicin; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination;

2016
Involvement of Opioid Receptors and α
    The journal of pain, 2016, Volume: 17, Issue:11

    Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Adult; Bl

2016
Effects of premedication of midazolam or clonidine on perioperative anxiety and pain in children.
    Bioscience trends, 2009, Volume: 3, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Analgesics; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine;

2009
Sedation with sufentanil and clonidine in patients undergoing heart catheterization.
    Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia, 2011, Volume: 96, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesics, Opioid

2011
Doxazosin versus tizanidine for treatment of dysfunctional voiding in children: a prospective randomized open-labeled trial.
    Urology, 2012, Volume: 79, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Anorexia; Child; Chil

2012
Long-term outcomes during treatment of chronic pain with intrathecal clonidine or clonidine/opioid combinations.
    Journal of pain and symptom management, 2003, Volume: 26, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Drug The

2003
Perineal analgesic actions of epidural clonidine in cattle.
    Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia, 2003, Volume: 30, Issue:2

    Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics; Animals; Cattle; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heart

2003
Gabapentin in the management of pentazocine dependence: a potent analgesic--anticraving agent.
    The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2003, Volume: 51

    Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Clonidine; Cyclohexanecarboxy

2003
Clonidine induced sedation and analgesia--an EEG study.
    Journal of neurology, 2004, Volume: 251, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Central Nervous System; Clonidine; Consciousness; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Respon

2004
Clonidine added to bupivacaine enhances and prolongs analgesia after brachial plexus block via a local mechanism in healthy volunteers.
    European journal of anaesthesiology, 2004, Volume: 21, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Anesthetics, Local; Blood Pressure; Brachial Plexus; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Cros

2004
Oral clonidine premedication exacerbates hypotension following tourniquet deflation by inhibiting noradrenaline release.
    Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nippon Ika Daigaku zasshi, 2004, Volume: 71, Issue:1

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Anesthesia, Spinal; Blood Pressure; Clonidin

2004
Effect of oral tizanidine on local-anesthetic infiltration pain during epidural catheterization.
    Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nippon Ika Daigaku zasshi, 2004, Volume: 71, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthetics, Local; Catheteriza

2004
Clonidine as a pre-anesthetic agent for flexible bronchoscopy.
    Respiratory medicine, 2004, Volume: 98, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Bronchoscopy; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Heart

2004
Patient-controlled epidural analgesia in labour: the addition of fentanyl or clonidine to bupivacaine.
    Agri : Agri (Algoloji) Dernegi'nin Yayin organidir = The journal of the Turkish Society of Algology, 2004, Volume: 16, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Bupivacaine;

2004
[Effects of tizanidine for refractory sleep disturbance in disabled children with spastic quadriplegia].
    No to hattatsu = Brain and development, 2004, Volume: 36, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Disabled Children;

2004
Stability of clonidine in clonidine-hydromorphone mixture from implanted intrathecal infusion pumps in chronic pain patients.
    Journal of pain and symptom management, 2004, Volume: 28, Issue:6

    Topics: Analgesics; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Complex Mixtures; Drug Combinations; Drug Stability; Drug St

2004
Clonidine effects on pain evoked SII activity in humans.
    European journal of pain (London, England), 2006, Volume: 10, Issue:8

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method;

2006
Clonidine-ephedrine combination reduces pain on injection of propofol and blunts hemodynamic stress responses during the induction sequence.
    Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:3

    Topics: Analgesics; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Clonidine; Ephedrine; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Midd

2006
Does clonidine 50 microg improve cervical plexus block obtained with ropivacaine 150 mg for carotid endarterectomy? A randomized, double-blinded study.
    Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:8

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amides; Analgesics; Anesthetics, Local; Cervical Plexus; Clonidine; Double-

2006
Effect of clonidine on ICP and on the hemodynamic responses to nociceptive stimuli in patients with brain tumors.
    Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology, 1995, Volume: 7, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia; Brain Neoplasms; Clonidine; Female; Hemodynamics

1995
Transdermal clonidine compared to placebo in painful diabetic neuropathy using a two-stage 'enriched enrollment' design.
    Pain, 1995, Volume: 60, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Clonidine; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetic N

1995
A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of tizanidine in the treatment of spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis. United Kingdom Tizanidine Trial Group.
    Neurology, 1994, Volume: 44, Issue:11 Suppl 9

    Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans;

1994
Epidural clonidine treatment for refractory reflex sympathetic dystrophy.
    Anesthesiology, 1993, Volume: 79, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Heart Rate; Humans; Injections, Epidu

1993
The effects of imipramine, amitriptyline and clonidine administered by iontophoresis on the pain threshold.
    Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica, 1995, Volume: 46, Issue:3-4

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Amitriptyline; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Clonidine; Humans

1995
A double-blind randomised comparison of the effects of epidural clonidine, lignocaine and the combination of clonidine and lignocaine in patients with chronic pain.
    Pain, 1996, Volume: 64, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Analgesia, Epidural; Anesthetics, Local; Chronic Disease; Cl

1996
Extradural clonidine combined with sufentanil and 0.0625% bupivacaine for analgesia in labour.
    British journal of anaesthesia, 1996, Volume: 77, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthet

1996
[Influence of preanesthetic medication on the effect of a local anesthetic tape].
    Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1997, Volume: 46, Issue:9

    Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Administration, Topical; Adult; Aged; Anesthetics, Local; Anti-Anxiety Agents

1997
Epidural epinephrine and clonidine: segmental analgesia and effects on different pain modalities.
    Anesthesiology, 1997, Volume: 87, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Clonidine; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind M

1997
Intravenous regional clonidine in the management of sympathetically maintained pain.
    Anesthesiology, 1998, Volume: 89, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Pain Measurement

1998
Intrathecal, but not intravenous, clonidine reduces experimental thermal or capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia in normal volunteers.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1998, Volume: 87, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Capsaicin; Clonidine; Double-Blind Met

1998
Intrathecal, but not intravenous, clonidine reduces experimental thermal or capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia in normal volunteers.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1998, Volume: 87, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Capsaicin; Clonidine; Double-Blind Met

1998
Intrathecal, but not intravenous, clonidine reduces experimental thermal or capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia in normal volunteers.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1998, Volume: 87, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Capsaicin; Clonidine; Double-Blind Met

1998
Intrathecal, but not intravenous, clonidine reduces experimental thermal or capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia in normal volunteers.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1998, Volume: 87, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Capsaicin; Clonidine; Double-Blind Met

1998
[Controlled analgesia in a burn patient: fentanyl sparing effect of clonidine].
    Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation, 1998, Volume: 17, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Burns; Clonidine; Doubl

1998
Adding clonidine to lidocaine for intravenous regional anesthesia prevents tourniquet pain.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1999, Volume: 88, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Loca

1999
Relative potency of epidural to intrathecal clonidine differs between acute thermal pain and capsaicin-induced allodynia.
    Pain, 2000, Volume: 84, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Capsaicin; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; H

2000
The efficacy of intrathecal morphine and clonidine in the treatment of pain after spinal cord injury.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2000, Volume: 91, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Heart Rate;

2000
Open-label dose-titration safety and efficacy study of tizanidine hydrochloride in the treatment of spasticity associated with chronic stroke.
    Stroke, 2001, Volume: 32, Issue:8

    Topics: Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Hand Strength; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscl

2001
Orally administered clonidine significantly reduces pain during injection of propofol.
    British journal of anaesthesia, 2001, Volume: 86, Issue:6

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Chi-Square Distribution; Clonidine; Female;

2001
Effects of an alpha(2)-adrenergic agonist on gastrointestinal transit, colonic motility, and sensation in humans.
    American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 2001, Volume: 281, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Biomechanical Phenomena; Clonidine; Colon; Compliance; Dose-Respon

2001
Continuous intrathecal clonidine administration for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
    Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, 2000, Volume: 75, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Chronic Disea

2000
Clonidine in acute and chronic pain.
    South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 1992, Apr-18, Volume: 81, Issue:8

    Topics: Acute Disease; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Pain

1992
Transdermal clonidine versus placebo in painful diabetic neuropathy.
    Pain, 1992, Volume: 48, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Aged; Clonidine; Diabetic Neuropathies; Double-Blind Method; Femal

1992
[Analgesic effects of an oral dose of clonidine].
    Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 1989, Dec-02, Volume: 119, Issue:48

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Humans; Male; Pain; Pain Measure

1989
Prevention of tourniquet pain by spinal isobaric bupivacaine with clonidine.
    British journal of anaesthesia, 1989, Volume: 63, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Spinal; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Male; Pain

1989
Role of spinal noradrenergic system in transmission of pain in patients with spinal cord injury.
    Lancet (London, England), 1986, Nov-29, Volume: 2, Issue:8518

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Central Nervous System; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Injections, Epidural; Male; Middle A

1986
A double-blind comparison between epidural morphine and epidural clonidine in patients with chronic non-cancer pain.
    Pain, 1988, Volume: 34, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Ma

1988

Other Studies

240 other studies available for clonidine and Ache

ArticleYear
Alpha 2-adrenergic agonists/antagonists: the synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a series of indolin-2-yl and tetrahydroquinolin-2-yl imidazolines.
    Journal of medicinal chemistry, 1987, Volume: 30, Issue:9

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Brain; Clonidine; Imidazoles; Indo

1987
Synthesis and biological evaluation of imidazoline derivatives as potential CNS and CVS agents.
    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 2020, 12-01, Volume: 30, Issue:23

    Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Central Nervous System Agents; Depression; Female; Hypertension; I

2020
Inhibition of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 through α
    The Journal of veterinary medical science, 2021, Oct-05, Volume: 83, Issue:10

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Nociception; Pain; Pain Management; Periph

2021
Sympathetic Blocks for Raynaud's Phenomena in Pediatric Rheumatological Disorders.
    Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2022, 07-01, Volume: 23, Issue:7

    Topics: Autonomic Nerve Block; Child; Clonidine; Humans; Pain; Raynaud Disease; Rheumatic Diseases

2022
A sequential allocation study to determine the ED
    BMC anesthesiology, 2022, 05-27, Volume: 22, Issue:1

    Topics: Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthetics, Local; Clonidine; Dexmedetomidine; Double-Blind Method; Humans;

2022
Antinociceptive Effects and Interaction Mechanisms of Intrathecal Pentazocine and Neostigmine in Two Different Pain Models in Rats.
    Pain research & management, 2022, Volume: 2022

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Atropine Derivatives; Clonidine; Formaldehyde; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Naloxone;

2022
Stability of Morphine Sulfate-Clonidine and Sufentanil-Clonidine Mixtures.
    Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society, 2023, Volume: 26, Issue:6

    Topics: Clonidine; Humans; Morphine; Pain; Polypropylenes; Sufentanil

2023
Postinterventional Patient Comfort After Uterine Artery Embolization and Superior Hypogastric Nerve Block.
    Cardiovascular and interventional radiology, 2023, Volume: 46, Issue:1

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Nerve Block; Pain; Pain, Postoper

2023
Impact of dexmedetomidine in conjunction with a weaning protocol on post-surgical opioid use in a neonatal intensive care unit.
    Pharmacotherapy, 2023, Volume: 43, Issue:7

    Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Dexmedetomidine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intensive Ca

2023
Clonidine for pain-related distress in Aboriginal children on a penicillin regimen to prevent recurrence of rheumatic fever.
    Rural and remote health, 2020, Volume: 20, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Australia; Clonidine; Humans; Male; Pain; Penicillins; Recurrence; Rheumatic Fever

2020
Complex regional pain syndrome: intradermal injection of phenylephrine evokes pain and hyperalgesia in a subgroup of patients with upregulated α1-adrenoceptors on dermal nerves.
    Pain, 2018, Volume: 159, Issue:11

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adult; Aged; Clonidine;

2018
Central hyperadrenergic state after lightning strike.
    Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:4

    Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anxiety; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Autonomic Nerv

2013
Advantageous safety profile of a dual selective alpha(2C) agonist/alpha(2A) antagonist antinociceptive agent.
    Fundamental & clinical pharmacology, 2014, Volume: 28, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Analgesics; Animals;

2014
Activation of α2 adrenoceptors inhibited NMDA receptor-mediated nociceptive transmission in spinal dorsal horn of mice with inflammatory pain.
    Neuropharmacology, 2014, Volume: 77

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Inflammation; Male; Mice; Nociception; Pai

2014
Effect of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) in the induction and expression of morphine tolerance and dependence in mice.
    Drug research, 2014, Volume: 64, Issue:3

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dr

2014
Influence of clonidine and ketamine on m-RNA expression in a model of opioid-induced hyperalgesia in mice.
    PloS one, 2013, Volume: 8, Issue:11

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Arrestins; beta-Arrestin 2; beta-Arrestins; Brain; Clonidine; Disease M

2013
α(2) noradrenergic receptor suppressed CaMKII signaling in spinal dorsal horn of mice with inflammatory pain.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2014, Feb-05, Volume: 724

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; C

2014
Analgesia, enhancement of spinal morphine antinociception, and inhibition of tolerance by ultra-low dose of the α2A-adrenoceptor selective antagonist BRL44408.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2014, Nov-15, Volume: 743

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance;

2014
Morphine and clonidine combination therapy improves therapeutic window in mice: synergy in antinociceptive but not in sedative or cardiovascular effects.
    PloS one, 2014, Volume: 9, Issue:10

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Syne

2014
Intrathecal administration of clonidine or yohimbine decreases the nociceptive behavior caused by formalin injection in the marsh terrapin (Pelomedusa subrufa).
    Brain and behavior, 2014, Volume: 4, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Analgesics; Animals;

2014
Determination of pharmacological interactions of uliginosin B, a natural phloroglucinol derivative, with amitriptyline, clonidine and morphine by isobolographic analysis.
    Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 2014, Oct-15, Volume: 21, Issue:12

    Topics: Amitriptyline; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Hyp

2014
Clonidine intensifies memantine cutaneous analgesia in response to local skin noxious pinprick in the rat.
    Pharmacological reports : PR, 2015, Volume: 67, Issue:3

    Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Injectio

2015
Evaluation of the Percutaneous Absorption of Ketamine HCl, Gabapentin, Clonidine HCl, and Baclofen, in Compounded Transdermal Pain Formulations, Using the Franz Finite Dose Model.
    Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2016, Volume: 17, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Aged; Amines; Baclofen; Clonidine; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Drug Comp

2016
Activation of the trigeminal α2-adrenoceptor produces sex-specific, estrogen dependent thermal antinociception and antihyperalgesia using an operant pain assay in the rat.
    Behavioural brain research, 2016, 11-01, Volume: 314

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Estrogens; Female; Hyperalgesia; Male; Ovariectomy; Pain; Pain Measu

2016
Modulation of formalin-induced pain-related behaviour by clonidine and yohimbine in the Speke's hinged tortoise (Kiniskys spekii).
    Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, 2017, Volume: 40, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Formaldehyde; Pain; Turtles; Yohimbine

2017
Dexmedetomidine and ST-91 analgesia in the formalin model is mediated by alpha2A-adrenoceptors: a mechanism of action distinct from morphine.
    British journal of pharmacology, 2008, Volume: 155, Issue:7

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Dex

2008
Knockout of spinophilin, an endogenous antagonist of arrestin-dependent alpha2-adrenoceptor functions, enhances receptor-mediated antinociception yet does not eliminate sex-related differences.
    Behavioural brain research, 2009, Feb-11, Volume: 197, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Anima

2009
[Effects of intrathecal ouabain and tizanidine injection for treatment of neuropathic pain in rats].
    Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University, 2008, Volume: 28, Issue:10

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Injections, Spinal; Ouabain; Pain; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sp

2008
Evaluation for the interaction between intrathecal melatonin and clonidine or neostigmine on formalin-induced nociception.
    Life sciences, 2008, Dec-19, Volume: 83, Issue:25-26

    Topics: Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Drug

2008
Acupoint stimulation with diluted bee venom (apipuncture) potentiates the analgesic effect of intrathecal clonidine in the rodent formalin test and in a neuropathic pain model.
    The journal of pain, 2009, Volume: 10, Issue:3

    Topics: Acupuncture Points; Analgesics; Animals; Bee Venoms; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Respons

2009
Determination of adrenergic and imidazoline receptor involvement in augmentation of morphine and oxycodone analgesia by clonidine and BMS182874.
    Pharmacology, 2009, Volume: 83, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Area Under Curve; Clonidine; Dansyl Compound

2009
Synergistic antinociception of intrathecal sildenafil with clonidine in the rat formalin test.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2009, Volume: 92, Issue:4

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Cyclic GMP; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug

2009
Intrathecal administration of clonidine attenuates spinal neuroimmune activation in a rat model of neuropathic pain with existing hyperalgesia.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2009, Jul-01, Volume: 614, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Biomarkers; Clonidine; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Enzyme Activati

2009
The antinociceptive properties of reboxetine in acute pain.
    European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2009, Volume: 19, Issue:10

    Topics: Adrenergic Antagonists; Analgesics; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Clonidine; Disease Models, Anima

2009
The antinociceptive effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine in colorectal distension-induced visceral pain in rats: the role of opioid receptors.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2009, Volume: 109, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Catheter

2009
[Effects of intrathecal escin and clonidine in the treatment of neuropathic pain in rats].
    Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University, 2009, Volume: 29, Issue:9

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Escin; Injections, Spinal; Male; Pain; Random Alloca

2009
Testosterone is essential for alpha(2)-adrenoceptor-induced antinociception in the trigeminal region of the male rat.
    Neuroscience letters, 2009, Dec-18, Volume: 467, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Catheterization; Clo

2009
Might adrenergic alpha2C-agonists/alpha2A-antagonists become novel therapeutic tools for pain treatment with morphine?
    Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2009, Nov-26, Volume: 52, Issue:22

    Topics: Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonis

2009
Activation of spinal alpha-2 adrenoceptors, but not mu-opioid receptors, reduces the intrathecal N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced increase in spinal NR1 subunit phosphorylation and nociceptive behaviors in the rat.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2010, Feb-01, Volume: 110, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, A

2010
Antinociceptive synergism of MD-354 and clonidine. Part II. The alpha-adrenoceptor component.
    Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology, 2010, Volume: 107, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Guan

2010
Involvement of imidazoline and opioid receptors in the enhancement of clonidine-induced analgesia by sulfisoxazole.
    Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2010, Volume: 88, Issue:5

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Body Temperature; Clonid

2010
Assessment of patients' satisfaction in carotid surgery under local anaesthesia by psychometrical testing--a prospective cohort study.
    European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery, 2011, Volume: 41, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Local; Anxiety; Cervical Plexus; Clonidine; Endarterecto

2011
Antinociceptive effect of intrathecal ginsenosides through alpha-2 adrenoceptors in the formalin test of rats.
    British journal of anaesthesia, 2011, Volume: 106, Issue:3

    Topics: Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dr

2011
Conditioned place preference reveals tonic pain in an animal model of central pain.
    The journal of pain, 2011, Volume: 12, Issue:8

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Conditioning, Operant; Disease Models, Animal; Electr

2011
Clonidine as adjuvant for oxybuprocaine, bupivacaine or dextrorphan has a significant peripheral action in intensifying and prolonging analgesia in response to local dorsal cutaneous noxious pinprick in rats.
    Neuroscience letters, 2011, Jun-08, Volume: 496, Issue:3

    Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Area Under

2011
Low dose alpha-2 antagonist paradoxically enhances rat norepinephrine and clonidine analgesia.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2011, Volume: 112, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Analgesia; Analgesics

2011
Dexmedetomidine and clonidine inhibit the function of Na(v)1.7 independent of α(2)-adrenoceptor in adrenal chromaffin cells.
    Journal of anesthesia, 2011, Volume: 25, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Animals; Binding Site

2011
Improved transnasal transport and brain uptake of tizanidine HCl-loaded thiolated chitosan nanoparticles for alleviation of pain.
    Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2012, Volume: 101, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Analgesics; Animals; Cell Line; Chitosan; Clonidine; Mice; Nanoparticles

2012
Intrathecal clonidine in the neonatal rat: dose-dependent analgesia and evaluation of spinal apoptosis and toxicity.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2012, Volume: 115, Issue:2

    Topics: Age Factors; Analgesics; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Carrageenan; Clonid

2012
Ondansetron reverses antihypersensitivity from clonidine in rats after peripheral nerve injury: role of γ-aminobutyric acid in α2-adrenoceptor and 5-HT3 serotonin receptor analgesia.
    Anesthesiology, 2012, Volume: 117, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesia; Animals; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; gamma-A

2012
Mechanism-based treatment of pain.
    Pain, 2012, Volume: 153, Issue:11

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Diabetic Neuropathies; Female; Humans; Male; Nervous System Diseases

2012
Stereo-selective inhibition of spinal morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia by an ultra-low dose of the alpha-2-adrenoceptor antagonist efaroxan.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2013, Feb-28, Volume: 702, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics; Animals; Benzofurans

2013
Intrathecal clonidine decreases spinal nitric oxide release in a rat model of complete Freund's adjuvant induced inflammatory pain.
    Inflammation, 2002, Volume: 26, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Clonidine; Enzyme Inhibitors; Freu

2002
Clonidine-induced hypertension in a patient with a spinal lesion.
    The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2002, Volume: 36, Issue:9

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Blood Pressure; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Fructose; Humans; Hype

2002
Modulation of NSAID-induced antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects by alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists with gastroprotective effects.
    Life sciences, 2002, May-03, Volume: 70, Issue:24

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Clonidine; Drug Synergi

2002
Perineural alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor activation inhibits spinal cord neuroplasticity and tactile allodynia after nerve injury.
    Anesthesiology, 2002, Volume: 97, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Anima

2002
Interactions of NMDA antagonists and an alpha 2 agonist with mu, delta and kappa opioids in an acute nociception assay.
    Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica, 2002, Volume: 53, Issue:3

    Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Adrenergic

2002
A pervasive mechanism for analgesia: activation of GIRK2 channels.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2003, Jan-07, Volume: 100, Issue:1

    Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Baclofen; Benzoxazines; Clonidine; Crosses, Genetic; Ethanol; Female

2003
Contribution of GIRK2-mediated postsynaptic signaling to opiate and alpha 2-adrenergic analgesia and analgesic sex differences.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2003, Jan-07, Volume: 100, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Female; G Protein-Coupled Inwa

2003
Influence of prazosin and clonidine on morphine analgesia, tolerance and withdrawal in mice.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2003, Jan-24, Volume: 460, Issue:2-3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Behavior, Anim

2003
[Facial anesthetic blocks in the treatment of acute pain during ophthalmic zoster].
    Journal francais d'ophtalmologie, 2003, Volume: 26, Issue:1

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adrenergic Agonists; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesics; Anesthetics, L

2003
Intrathecal clonidine reduces hypersensitivity after nerve injury by a mechanism involving spinal m4 muscarinic receptors.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2003, Volume: 96, Issue:5

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Blotting, Western; Clonidine; Elapid Venoms; Elapidae; Injection

2003
Stability and compatibility of morphine-clonidine admixtures in an implantable infusion system.
    Journal of pain and symptom management, 2003, Volume: 25, Issue:5

    Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Drug Incompatibility; Drug Stability; Drug Therapy, Combi

2003
Adrenergic regulation of capsaicin-sensitive neurons in dental pulp.
    Journal of endodontics, 2003, Volume: 29, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Capsaicin

2003
Allodynia after acute intrathecal morphine administration in a patient with neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2003, Volume: 97, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Clonidine; Humans; Injectio

2003
Plasticity in action of intrathecal clonidine to mechanical but not thermal nociception after peripheral nerve injury.
    Anesthesiology, 2003, Volume: 99, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Atropine; Aziridines; Behavior, Anima

2003
Intrathecal clonidine and bupivacaine have synergistic analgesia for acute thermally or inflammatory-induced pain in rats.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 98, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Do

2004
The monoamine reuptake inhibitor milnacipran does not affect nociception to acute visceral distension in rats.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 98, Issue:5

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Catheterization; Clonidine; Colon; Cyclopropanes; Electromyograp

2004
Substance P release in the cat spinal cord upon afferent C-fibre stimulation is not attenuated by clonidine at analgesic doses.
    Neuroscience letters, 2004, May-06, Volume: 361, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Afferent Pathways; Analgesics; Animals; Cats; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Down-Regu

2004
[Long-term treatment of phantom- and stump pain with Botulinum toxin type A over 12 months. A first clinical observation].
    Der Nervenarzt, 2004, Volume: 75, Issue:4

    Topics: Amputation Stumps; Amputation, Surgical; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Clonidine; Humans; Injections, In

2004
MD-354 potentiates the antinociceptive effect of clonidine in the mouse tail-flick but not hot-plate assay.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2004, Jul-14, Volume: 495, Issue:2-3

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzamides; Binding, Competitive; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Clon

2004
Intrathecal clonidine potentiates suppression of tactile hypersensitivity by spinal cord stimulation in a model of neuropathy.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2004, Volume: 99, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulatio

2004
Clonidine and guanfacine-induced antinociception in visceral pain: possible role of alpha 2/I2 binding sites.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2004, Oct-06, Volume: 501, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Binding Sites; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guanfacine; Imidazo

2004
Alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtype specificity of intrathecally administered tizanidine used for analgesia for neuropathic pain.
    Journal of neurosurgery, 2004, Volume: 101, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia; Animals; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Injections, Spinal

2004
Intrathecal clonidine inhibits mechanical allodynia via activation of the spinal muscarinic M1 receptor in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2004, Nov-28, Volume: 505, Issue:1-3

    Topics: (4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride; Analgesics; Animals; Atropine;

2004
Stability of admixture containing morphine sulfate, bupivacaine hydrochloride, and clonidine hydrochloride in an implantable infusion system.
    Journal of pain and symptom management, 2004, Volume: 28, Issue:6

    Topics: Analgesics; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Complex Mixtures; Drug Combinations; Drug Stability; Drug Storag

2004
Antinociception depends on the presence of G protein gamma2-subunits in brain.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2005, Jan-31, Volume: 508, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Benzoxazines; Brain; Clonidine; GTP-Binding Proteins; Injec

2005
alpha2-Adrenoceptor activation by clonidine enhances stimulation-evoked acetylcholine release from spinal cord tissue after nerve ligation in rats.
    Anesthesiology, 2005, Volume: 102, Issue:3

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Male; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Ad

2005
Mechanisms of analgesic action of neurotropin on chronic pain in adjuvant-induced arthritic rat: roles of descending noradrenergic and serotonergic systems.
    Journal of pharmacological sciences, 2005, Volume: 97, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analges

2005
The antinociceptive effect of zolpidem and zopiclone in mice.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2005, Volume: 81, Issue:3

    Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Adrenergic

2005
Involvement of nitric oxide in clonidine-induced spinal analgesia.
    Drug metabolism and drug interactions, 2005, Volume: 21, Issue:1

    Topics: Acute Disease; Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Arginine; Clonidine; Injections, Spinal; Male; Methyl

2005
Cerebroventricular injection of clonidine causes analgesia mediated by a nitrogen pathway.
    Drug metabolism and drug interactions, 2005, Volume: 21, Issue:1

    Topics: Acute Disease; Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Arginine; Cerebral Ventricles; Clonidine; Injections;

2005
Combined therapy with clonidine and amantadine may act in two stages of glutamate-mediated neuropathic pain caused by a needle puncture in an upper extremity.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2005, Volume: 101, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Amantadine; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Calcium Channel Blockers; Ca

2005
Alpha2-adrenoceptor stimulation transforms immune responses in neuritis and blocks neuritis-induced pain.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2005, Sep-28, Volume: 25, Issue:39

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Antibody Formation; Clonidine; Cytokines; Hyperalgesia; Leukocyt

2005
Spinal muscarinic and nicotinic subtypes activated by clonidine in postincisional pain.
    Anesthesiology, 2005, Volume: 103, Issue:6

    Topics: Aconitine; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Diamines; Dihydro-beta-E

2005
Antinociception: mechanistic studies on the action of MD-354 and clonidine. Part 1. The 5-HT3 component.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2005, Dec-28, Volume: 528, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Benzamides; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Clonidin

2005
Perineural clonidine reduces mechanical hypersensitivity and cytokine production in established nerve injury.
    Anesthesiology, 2006, Volume: 104, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Cytok

2006
Stability and compatibility of a meperidine-clonidine mixture in portable pump reservoirs for the management of cancer pain syndromes.
    Journal of pain and symptom management, 2006, Volume: 32, Issue:4

    Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Complex Mixtures; Drug Combinations; Drug Stability; Huma

2006
Persistent exercise attenuates nicotine- but not clonidine-induced antinociception in female rats.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2006, Volume: 85, Issue:4

    Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Female; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Pai

2006
Opioid self-administration in the nerve-injured rat: relevance of antiallodynic effects to drug consumption and effects of intrathecal analgesics.
    Anesthesiology, 2007, Volume: 106, Issue:2

    Topics: Adenosine; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fentanyl; Heroi

2007
Transient allodynia pain models in mice for early assessment of analgesic activity.
    British journal of pharmacology, 2008, Volume: 153, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Amines; Amitriptyline; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Cyclohexanecarb

2008
Noradrenergic agonist administration into the central nucleus of the amygdala increases the tail-flick latency in lightly anesthetized rats.
    Neuroscience, 2007, Sep-07, Volume: 148, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic Agonists; Adrenergic Antagonists; Amygdala; Anesthetics; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Respons

2007
Effects of topical application of clonidine cream on pain behaviors and spinal Fos protein expression in rat models of neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, and inflammatory pain.
    Anesthesiology, 2007, Volume: 107, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Topical; Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; D

2007
The involvement of peripheral alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the antihyperalgesic effect of oxcarbazepine in a rat model of inflammatory pain.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2007, Volume: 105, Issue:5

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Carbamazepine; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Dos

2007
Sex-specific modulation of spinal nociception by alpha2-adrenoceptors: differential regulation by estrogen and testosterone.
    Neuroscience, 2008, Jun-02, Volume: 153, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Area Under C

2008
Tizanidine (DS103-282), a centrally acting muscle relaxant, selectively depresses excitation of feline dorsal horn neurones to noxious peripheral stimuli by an action at alpha 2-adrenoceptors.
    Neuroscience letters, 1984, Jul-27, Volume: 48, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Cats; Clonidine; Iontophoresis; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Nor

1984
Studies in the primate on the analgetic effects associated with intrathecal actions of opiates, alpha-adrenergic agonists and baclofen.
    Anesthesiology, 1981, Volume: 54, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Cats;

1981
On the etiopathogenesis of migraine: a possible link between the amines and endorphin hypotheses.
    Advances in neurology, 1982, Volume: 33

    Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Dopamine; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Female; Histamine; Huma

1982
The role of neurotransmitters in stress-induced antinociception (SIA).
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1982, Volume: 16, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Apomorphine; Clonidine; Dopamine; Haloperidol; Kinetics; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nor

1982
Alpha-2 agonists as analgesics.
    The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1984, Volume: 45, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Clonidine; Endorphins; Guanabenz; Humans; Pain

1984
Narcotic bowel syndrome treated with clonidine. Resolution of abdominal pain and intestinal pseudo-obstruction.
    Annals of internal medicine, 1984, Volume: 101, Issue:3

    Topics: Abdomen; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Intestinal Obstruction; Intestinal Ps

1984
Neurotoxicity of new intraspinal agents.
    Lancet (London, England), 1984, Sep-22, Volume: 2, Issue:8404

    Topics: Analgesia; Clonidine; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Nervous System Diseases; Pain

1984
Effect of alpha 2 adrenergic agents upon central etorphine antinociception in the cat.
    Brain research, 1984, Aug-20, Volume: 309, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Cats; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Etorphine; Guanfacine; Guani

1984
Supersensitivity of analgesic responses to alpha 2-adrenergic agonists in genetically hypertensive rats.
    Brain research, 1984, Jun-25, Volume: 304, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Hypertension; Male; Naphazoline; Pain; Prazosin; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rec

1984
Inhibition of peptidase degrading endogenous opioids: a new trend in the management of migraine and correlated "pain diseases".
    Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 1983, Volume: 156 (Pt B)

    Topics: Brain; Captopril; Clonidine; Cluster Headache; Endorphins; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Nociceptors;

1983
Epidural clonidine.
    Anaesthesia, 1984, Volume: 39, Issue:8

    Topics: Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain

1984
Potentiation of cold-water swim analgesia and hypothermia by clonidine.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1983, Volume: 19, Issue:3

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Cold Temperature; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electroshock; Hy

1983
Clonidine as analgesic.
    Biological psychiatry, 1983, Volume: 18, Issue:11

    Topics: Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Pain

1983
Differential effects of clonidine on pain, arterial blood pressure, and heart rate in the cat: lack of interactions with naloxone.
    Experimental neurology, 1984, Volume: 84, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cats; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Femal

1984
Chlorpromazine hyperalgesia antagonizes clonidine analgesia, but enhances morphine analgesia in rats tested in a hot-water tail-flick paradigm.
    Psychopharmacology, 1982, Volume: 78, Issue:2

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Chlorpromazine; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Mo

1982
Antagonization of clonidine- and morphine-promoted antinociception by kainic acid lesion of nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis in the rat.
    Experimental neurology, 1982, Volume: 78, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Brain Diseases; Clonidine; Kainic Acid; Male; Morphine; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbr

1982
The use of clonidine for management of opiate abstinence in a chronic pain patient.
    Mayo Clinic proceedings, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Humans; Levorphanol; Male; Opioid-Related Disorders; Pain; Substa

1982
[Analgesic effect of clopheline].
    Biulleten' eksperimental'noi biologii i meditsiny, 1981, Volume: 92, Issue:12

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cats; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Hemodynamics; Naloxone; P

1981
Systemic clonidine differentially modulates the abnormal reactions to mechanical and thermal stimuli in rats with peripheral mononeuropathy.
    Pain, 1995, Volume: 60, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Clonidine; Cold Temperature; Dioxanes;

1995
Analgesic action of acute and chronic intraspinally administered opiate and alpha 2-adrenergic agonists in chronic neuropathic pain.
    Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, 1994, Volume: 62, Issue:1-4

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Ad

1994
Visceral antinociceptive effects of spinal clonidine combined with morphine, [D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin, or U50,488H.
    Anesthesiology, 1995, Volume: 83, Issue:2

    Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics

1995
Neither cholecystokinin nor galanin modulate intrathecal clonidine-induced depression of the nociceptive flexor reflex in the rat.
    Brain research, 1993, Sep-10, Volume: 621, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Cholecystokinin; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Female; Galanin; Injections, Spinal; Morphine;

1993
Reversal of nerve ligation-induced allodynia by spinal alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1995, Volume: 272, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Male; Nerve Compression Syndromes; Pain; Rats; Rats, Spragu

1995
The effects of intrathecal morphine and clonidine on the prevention and reversal of spinal cord hyperexcitability following sciatic nerve section in the rat.
    Pain, 1994, Volume: 58, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Electromyography; Female; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain;

1994
Intrathecal morphine and clonidine in the management of spinal cord injury pain: a case report.
    Pain, 1994, Volume: 59, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Infusion Pumps; Injections, Sp

1994
A comparison of intrathecally administered narcotic and nonnarcotic analgesics for experimental chronic neuropathic pain.
    Journal of neurosurgery, 1995, Volume: 82, Issue:4

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injection

1995
Noradrenergic and opioid systems interact to alter the detection of noxious thermal stimuli and facial scratching in monkeys.
    Pain, 1993, Volume: 55, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adrenergic Antagonists; Animals; Behavior,

1993
The stability of mixtures of morphine hydrochloride, bupivacaine hydrochloride, and clonidine hydrochloride in portable pump reservoirs for the management of chronic pain syndromes.
    Journal of pain and symptom management, 1994, Volume: 9, Issue:5

    Topics: Bupivacaine; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Drug Combinations; Drug Stability; Humans; Infusion Pumps;

1994
Should epidural clonidine be used for reflex sympathetic dystrophy?
    Anesthesiology, 1994, Volume: 80, Issue:5

    Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Humans; Pain; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy

1994
Study of the sensitivity of the diabetes-induced pain model in rats to a range of analgesics.
    Pain, 1994, Volume: 57, Issue:2

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Aspirin; Clonidine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experi

1994
Antinociceptive effects of intrathecal administration of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists and clonidine in the formalin test in the mouse.
    Neuropharmacology, 1993, Volume: 32, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics; Animals; Body Temperature; Clonidine; Formaldehyde; Inject

1993
The differential effects of morphine and the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists clonidine and dexmedetomidine on the prevention and treatment of experimental neuropathic pain.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1993, Volume: 77, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Imidazoles; Male; Medetomidine; Morphine; Motor Activ

1993
The rostroventromedial medulla is not involved in alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated antinociception in the rat.
    Neuropharmacology, 1993, Volume: 32, Issue:12

    Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cerebellum; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hot Temperat

1993
Morphine, clonidine coadministration in subanalgesic doses: effective control of tonic pain.
    Neuroreport, 1994, Feb-24, Volume: 5, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Female; Formaldehyde; Injectio

1994
Comments on topical clonidine for relief from allodynia.
    Pain, 1993, Volume: 54, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Topical; Burns, Electric; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Pain; Skin; Skin Physiological

1993
Clonidine: effects on pre- vs. post-junctional adrenoceptors.
    Pain, 1993, Volume: 54, Issue:3

    Topics: Clonidine; Humans; Neuromuscular Junction; Pain; Presynaptic Terminals; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha

1993
Effect of naloxone on the habituation of novelty-induced hypoalgesia: the collateral inhibition hypothesis revisited.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1993, Volume: 46, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Animals; Clonidine

1993
Naloxone potentiation of novelty-induced hypoalgesia: characterization of the alpha-noradrenergic receptor subtype.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1993, Volume: 44, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Habituation, Psychophysiologic; Male; Naloxone; Pain; Phentolami

1993
Hemodynamic and analgesic actions of epidurally administered clonidine.
    Anesthesiology, 1993, Volume: 78, Issue:2

    Topics: Alfentanil; Clonidine; Depression, Chemical; Epidural Space; Epinephrine; Hemodynamics; Humans; Infu

1993
Alpha-subunit G-protein antisense oligodeoxynucleotide effects on supraspinal (i.c.v.) alpha2-adrenoceptor antinociception in mice.
    Life sciences, 1996, Volume: 58, Issue:5

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Azepines; Base Sequence; Cerebral Ventricles; Clonidine; GTP-Bin

1996
Analysis of the mechanisms underlying the antinociceptive effect of the extracts of plants from the genus Phyllanthus.
    General pharmacology, 1995, Volume: 26, Issue:7

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics; Animals; Arginine; Capsaicin; C

1995
Long-term intrathecal administration of midazolam and clonidine.
    The Clinical journal of pain, 1996, Volume: 12, Issue:1

    Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adolescent; Adult; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Clonidine; Female; Humans;

1996
Pain relief with low-dose intravenous clonidine in a child with severe burns.
    Intensive care medicine, 1996, Volume: 22, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Burns; Child; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; H

1996
[Cancer pain: beneficial effect of ketamine addition to spinal administration of morphine-clonidine-lidocaine mixture].
    Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation, 1996, Volume: 15, Issue:3

    Topics: Aged; Analgesics; Catheters, Indwelling; Clonidine; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergism; Female; Human

1996
Spinal morphine/clonidine antinociceptive synergism: involvement of G proteins and N-type voltage-dependent calcium channels.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1996, Volume: 278, Issue:3

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels; Clonidine; Drug Sy

1996
Effects of intrathecal vs. systemic clonidine in treating chronic allodynia-like response in spinally injured rats.
    Brain research, 1996, Oct-14, Volume: 736, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Female; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Spinal; Ischemi

1996
Spinal administration of adrenergic agents produces analgesia in amphibians.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1996, Dec-05, Volume: 316, Issue:2-3

    Topics: Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Clonidine; Epinephrine; Imidazoles; Injections, Spinal; Medetomid

1996
Synergistic antinociceptive interactions of morphine and clonidine in rats with nerve-ligation injury.
    Anesthesiology, 1997, Volume: 86, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Sy

1997
Effects of intrathecal nonnarcotic analgesics on chronic tactile allodynia in rats: alpha 2-agonists versus somatostatin analog.
    Neurologia medico-chirurgica, 1997, Volume: 37, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Injections, Spinal; Male; Octreotide; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction

1997
An assessment of the peripheral antinociceptive potential of remoxipride, clonidine and fentanyl in sheep using the forelimb tourniquet.
    Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, 1997, Volume: 20, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Dopamine Antagonists; Drug Evalua

1997
Spinal infusion of N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist MK801 induces hypersensitivity to the spinal alpha-2 agonist ST91 in the rat.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1997, Volume: 281, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

1997
Antinociceptive interaction of intrathecal alpha2-adrenergic agonists, tizanidine and clonidine, with lidocaine in rats.
    Anesthesiology, 1997, Volume: 87, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Blood Pressure

1997
Involvement of supraspinal GABA-ergic systems in clonidine-induced antinociception in the tail-pinch test in mice.
    Life sciences, 1997, Volume: 61, Issue:11

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Baclofen; Bicuculline; Clonidine; GABA An

1997
Pain management with spinal and epidural analgesia.
    Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1997, Volume: 111

    Topics: Acute Disease; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; C

1997
Enhanced antinociception of clonidine in spontaneously hypertensive rats involves a presynaptic noradrenergic mechanism.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1998, Volume: 59, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic Agents; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzylamines; Clonidine; Hypertension; In Vitro

1998
Endogenous opioid peptides acting at mu-opioid receptors in the dorsal horn contribute to midbrain modulation of spinal nociceptive neurons.
    Journal of neurophysiology, 1998, Volume: 79, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Bicuculline; Clonidine; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-M

1998
The cold plate as a test of nociceptive behaviors: description and application to the study of chronic neuropathic and inflammatory pain models.
    Pain, 1998, Volume: 75, Issue:2-3

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Cold

1998
Glaucomatocyclitic crisis in a child.
    American journal of ophthalmology, 1998, Volume: 126, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Clonidine; Corneal Edema; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glaucoma;

1998
Distribution, tolerability and tissue compatibility of intrathecal tizanidine in the sheep.
    Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1998, Volume: 42, Issue:7

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Behavior, A

1998
Intrathecal neostigmine, but not sympathectomy, relieves mechanical allodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain.
    Anesthesiology, 1998, Volume: 89, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Injections, Spinal; Male; Neostigmine; Pain; Pain Management; Parasympathomimeti

1998
Midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) inhibits nociceptive inputs to sacral dorsal horn nociceptive neurons through alpha2-adrenergic receptors.
    Journal of neurophysiology, 1998, Volume: 80, Issue:5

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Bicuculline; Clonidine; Excitatory

1998
Role of spinal NO in antiallodynic effect of intrathecal clonidine in neuropathic rats.
    Anesthesiology, 1998, Volume: 89, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Enzyme Inhibitors; Injections, Spinal; Ma

1998
Value of presenting the time-course of pain relief in analgesic trials.
    Anesthesiology, 1998, Volume: 89, Issue:6

    Topics: Analgesics; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Humans; Pain; Sufentanil; Time Fact

1998
Intrathecal clonidine alleviates allodynia in neuropathic rats: interaction with spinal muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.
    Anesthesiology, 1999, Volume: 90, Issue:2

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Injections, Spinal; Male; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor

1999
The effect of alpha2-adrenergic drugs on the activity of neurons in the rat nucleus raphe magnus in vitro.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1999, Volume: 88, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Brain Stem; Clonidine; Dose-Respon

1999
Effects of intrathecal morphine, clonidine and baclofen on allodynia after partial sciatic nerve injury in the rat.
    Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1999, Volume: 43, Issue:10

    Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Baclofen; Clonidine; Cold Temperature; Dose-Response Relati

1999
Effects of the I(1) imidazoline/alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor agonist moxonidine in comparison with clonidine in the formalin test in rats.
    Pain, 2000, Volume: 85, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agon

2000
Successful treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy by bier block with lidocaine and clonidine.
    Proceedings of the Western Pharmacology Society, 1999, Volume: 42

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthetics, Local; Cardiography, Impedance; Clonidine; Female; Human

1999
Role of spinal muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in clonidine-induced nitric oxide release in a rat model of neuropathic pain.
    Brain research, 2000, Apr-10, Volume: 861, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nicotinic Antagonists;

2000
Towards identifying optimal doses for alpha-2 adrenergic modulation of colonic and rectal motor and sensory function.
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2000, Volume: 14, Issue:6

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Autonomic Nervous System; Clonidine; Colon; Colonic Diseases, Func

2000
Pharmacologic reversal of pertussis toxin-induced thermal allodynia in mice.
    Neuropharmacology, 2000, Jul-24, Volume: 39, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Carbamazepine; Clonidine; Desipramine; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru

2000
Gel for neuropathy studied.
    AIDS patient care and STDs, 2000, Volume: 14, Issue:6

    Topics: Administration, Topical; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Clonidine; Female; Gels; HIV Infection

2000
Spinal mechanisms underlying A-85380-induced effects on acute thermal pain.
    Brain research, 2000, Jul-28, Volume: 872, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Azetidines; Behavior, Animal; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heteroc

2000
Cardiovascular responses to clonidine in alcohol withdrawal: are they related to psychopathology and mental well-being?
    Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 2000, Volume: 21, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Affect; Alcoholism; Anxiety; Blood Pressure; Central Nervous Syste

2000
The analgesic interaction between intrathecal clonidine and glutamate receptor antagonists on thermal and formalin-induced pain in rats.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2001, Volume: 92, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship,

2001
Antinociceptive interaction between spinal clonidine and lidocaine in the rat formalin test: an isobolographic analysis.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2001, Volume: 92, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Calcium Channels; Clonidine; Dose-Response R

2001
P75-expressing elements are necessary for anti-allodynic effects of spinal clonidine and neostigmine.
    Neuroscience, 2001, Volume: 102, Issue:3

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Analgesics; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Cholinergic Agents; Clonidine; Hindlimb;

2001
The antinociceptive effect of intrathecal administration of epibatidine with clonidine or neostigmine in the formalin test in rats.
    Pain, 2001, Volume: 91, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocy

2001
Role of calcium channels in the spinal transmission of nociceptive information from the mesentery.
    Pain, 2001, Volume: 93, Issue:1

    Topics: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl e

2001
Intravenous clonidine use in a neonate experiencing opioid-induced myoclonus.
    Anesthesiology, 2001, Volume: 95, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Gastroschisis; Humans; Infant; Infusions,

2001
Synergistic effects between intrathecal clonidine and neostigmine in the formalin test.
    Journal of Korean medical science, 2001, Volume: 16, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clonidine;

2001
The synergistic interaction between midazolam and clonidine in spinally-mediated analgesia in two different pain models of rats.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 2001, Volume: 93, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine

2001
Intrathecal carbachol and clonidine produce a synergistic antiallodynic effect in rats with a nerve ligation injury.
    Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2002, Volume: 49, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Carbachol; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Ligation; Male; Pai

2002
Effect of alpha-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists on imipramine-induced antinociception in the rat formalin test.
    Pharmacology, 2002, Volume: 64, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic;

2002
Potent antinociceptive effects of clonidine systemically administered in an experimental model of clinical pain, the arthritic rat.
    Brain research, 1992, Oct-09, Volume: 593, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Analgesics; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Clo

1992
Cerebrospinal fluid kinetics of epidural clonidine in man.
    Pain, 1992, Volume: 49, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Clonidine; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Injections, Epidural; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Ra

1992
[The antinociceptive effects of fentanyl, midazolam and clonidine and their interactions in the spinal dorsal horn].
    Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1992, Volume: 41, Issue:12

    Topics: Animals; Cats; Clonidine; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergism; Fentanyl; Injections, Spinal; Male; Mid

1992
A comparison of two epidural alpha 2-agonists, guanfacine and clonidine, in regard to duration of antinociception, and ventilatory and hemodynamic effects in goats.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1992, Volume: 74, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Goats; Guanfacine; Hemodynamics; Injections, Epidu

1992
Clonidine and yohimbine modulate the effects of naloxone on novelty-induced hypoalgesia.
    Psychopharmacology, 1992, Volume: 107, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Environment; Male; Naloxone; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reaction Time; Yo

1992
Topical application of clonidine relieves hyperalgesia in patients with sympathetically maintained pain.
    Pain, 1991, Volume: 47, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Norepinephrine; Pain; Phe

1991
[Pharmacological regulation of opioidergic antinociceptive mechanisms].
    Biulleten' eksperimental'noi biologii i meditsiny, 1991, Volume: 112, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Endorphins; Male; Mice; Morphine; Naloxone;

1991
The antinociceptive effects of spinally administered neuropeptide Y in the rat: systematic studies on structure-activity relationship.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1991, Jul-01, Volume: 258, Issue:1

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Dioxanes; Dose-Response Relation

1991
[Neurophysiological mechanisms of the antihypertensive effect of clopheline in pain].
    Biulleten' eksperimental'noi biologii i meditsiny, 1991, Volume: 112, Issue:12

    Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Cats; Clonidine; Hemodynamics; Pain; Pain Measurement; Vasomotor S

1991
Naloxone-induced hypoalgesia: effects of noradrenergic antagonists and agonist.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1991, Volume: 39, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Hot Temperature; Male; Naloxone; Norepinephrine; Pain; Prazosin; Propranolol; Ra

1991
Intrathecal administration of clonidine suppresses autotomy, a behavioral sign of chronic pain in rats after sciatic nerve section.
    Neuroscience letters, 1991, Dec-09, Volume: 133, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Nails

1991
Involvement of dopamine in the mechanism of action of FR64822, a novel non-opioid antinociceptive compound.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1991, Nov-05, Volume: 204, Issue:2

    Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Dopamine; Dopamine Antagonists; Male; Mice; M

1991
Cholera toxin and pertussis toxin on opioid- and alpha 2-mediated supraspinal analgesia in mice.
    Life sciences, 1991, Volume: 48, Issue:18

    Topics: Analgesia; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Cerebral Ventricles; Cholera Toxin; Clonidine; Enkephalin, Ala(2

1991
Antinociceptive effects of intrathecal adrenoceptor agonists in a rat model of visceral nociception.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1990, Volume: 253, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Dioxane

1990
Interaction of intrathecal morphine and ST-91 on antinociception in the rat: dose-response analysis, antagonism and clearance.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1990, Volume: 254, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions;

1990
Spinal antinociceptive synergy between clonidine and morphine, U69593, and DPDPE: isobolographic analysis.
    Life sciences, 1990, Volume: 47, Issue:16

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)

1990
Effects of intrathecal morphine, clonidine, and midazolam on the somato-sympathoadrenal reflex response in halothane-anesthetized cats.
    Anesthesiology, 1990, Volume: 73, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenal Glands; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Animals; Catecholamines; Cats; Clonidine; Female; Halothane;

1990
Antinociceptive interactions between intrathecally administered alpha noradrenergic agonists and 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine.
    Brain research, 1990, Jun-11, Volume: 519, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide); Analgesia; Animals; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Dose-Re

1990
Clonidine reverses methylxanthine-induced potentiation of baclofen antinociception.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1985, Volume: 22, Issue:5

    Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Animals; Baclofen; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Male; Neural Pathways;

1985
Substance P-induced long-term blockade of spinal adrenergic analgesia: reversal by morphine and naloxone.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1987, Volume: 240, Issue:3

    Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Clonidine; Kinetics; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Norepinephrine; Pain; Rats; Rats,

1987
Failure of epidural opioid to control cancer pain in a patient previously treated with massive doses of intravenous opioid.
    Pain, 1989, Volume: 36, Issue:3

    Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Bupivacaine; Cecal Neoplasms; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Hydromorphone; Infusions, I

1989
Potency of infused spinal antinociceptive agents is inversely related to magnitude of tolerance after continuous infusion.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1989, Volume: 250, Issue:1

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leu

1989
Intrathecal clonidine suppresses noxiously evoked activity of spinal wide dynamic range neurons in cats.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1989, Volume: 69, Issue:2

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cats; Clonidine; Decerebrate State; Drug Combinations; Female;

1989
[Incidence of tourniquet pain from spinal anesthesia with a combination of bupivacaine and clonidine].
    Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation, 1989, Volume: 8 Suppl

    Topics: Anesthesia, Spinal; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Drug Combinations; Humans; Intraoperative Complications;

1989
[Intrathecal clonidine--how does it work in spinal fentanyl analgesia in rats?].
    Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 1989, Volume: 38, Issue:4

    Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Analgesia, Epidural; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Female; Fentanyl

1989
[Thoracolumbar or sacral epidural administration of clonidine in deafferentation pain: possibilities, limits and long-term follow-up].
    Agressologie: revue internationale de physio-biologie et de pharmacologie appliquees aux effets de l'agression, 1989, Volume: 30, Issue:3

    Topics: Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Injections, Epidural; Pain; Spinal Cord Injur

1989
[The use of clofelin in the acute period of myocardial infarct].
    Vrachebnoe delo, 1989, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Clonidine; Hemodynamics; Humans; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Pain

1989
Epidural clonidine in lower limb deafferentation pain.
    Anesthesia and analgesia, 1989, Volume: 69, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Humans; Injections, Epidural; Leg; Male; Pain; Peripheral Nerve Injuries

1989
[Effects of clopheline on impulse activity of neurons in the midbrain and dorsal horn of the spinal cord].
    Biulleten' eksperimental'noi biologii i meditsiny, 1989, Volume: 108, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Cats; Clonidine; Mesencephalon; Naloxone; Neurons; Nociceptors; Pain; Prazosin; Spinal Cord

1989
Noradrenergic mechanisms in mediation of stress-induced hyperalgesia in rats.
    Pain, 1988, Volume: 32, Issue:3

    Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Clonidine; Diazepam; Norepinephrine; Pain; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; S

1988
Comparison of alpha-adrenoceptor involvement in the antinociceptive action of tizanidine and clonidine in the mouse.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1986, Jun-17, Volume: 125, Issue:2

    Topics: Acetates; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics; Animals; Catecholamines; Clonidine; Male; Mice;

1986
[Analgesia with an implanted device for repetitive intrathecal injections of morphine].
    Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation, 1985, Volume: 4, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aspirin; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Injections, Sp

1985
Selective inhibition of responses of feline dorsal horn neurones to noxious cutaneous stimuli by tizanidine (DS103-282) and noradrenaline: involvement of alpha 2-adrenoceptors.
    Neuroscience, 1985, Volume: 16, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Cats; Clonidine; Female; Male; Neurons, Afferent; Norepinephrine; Pain; Receptors, Adrenerg

1985
Evidence for alpha adrenoceptor modulation of the nociceptive jaw-opening reflex in rats and rabbits.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1986, Volume: 238, Issue:2

    Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Clonidine; Dental Pulp; Electromyography; Jaw; Male; Pain; Rabbits; Rats; Rats,

1986
Neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of spinal noradrenergic terminals: nociception, clonidine analgesia and spinal alpha two adrenoceptors.
    Brain research bulletin, 1987, Volume: 18, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenergic Fibers; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Hydroxydopamines; Norepinephrine; Oxidopamine; Pa

1987
Spinal cord alpha 2-adrenoceptors may be located postsynaptically with respect to primary sensory neurons: destruction of primary C-afferents with neonatal capsaicin does not affect the number of [3H]clonidine binding sites in mice.
    Neuroscience letters, 1987, Apr-23, Volume: 76, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Capsaicin; Clonidine; Mice; Nerve Fibers; Neural Inhibition; Neurons, Aff

1987
The use of clonidine for the treatment of meperidine withdrawal in a multidisciplinary pain program setting. A case presentation.
    Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Diseases Orthopaedic Institute, 1987,Spring, Volume: 47, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Meperidin

1987
Role of ascending and descending noradrenergic pathways in the antinociceptive effect of baclofen and clonidine.
    Brain research, 1986, Oct-29, Volume: 386, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Baclofen; Central Nervous System; Clonidine; Efferent Pathways; Hydroxyd

1986
[Relationship between clonidine analgesia and the calcium cation].
    Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica, 1987, Volume: 22, Issue:3

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Calcium Chloride; Clonidine; Egtazic Acid; Male; Pain; Radioligand Assay; Rats;

1987
Pain after spinal intrathecal clonidine. An adverse interaction with tricyclic antidepressants?
    Anaesthesia, 1988, Volume: 43, Issue:12

    Topics: Aged; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Ma

1988
Intrathecal morphine and clonidine: antinociceptive tolerance and cross-tolerance and effects on blood pressure.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1988, Volume: 245, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Tolerance; Injections, Spinal

1988
Colorectal distension as a noxious visceral stimulus: physiologic and pharmacologic characterization of pseudaffective reflexes in the rat.
    Brain research, 1988, May-31, Volume: 450, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Autonomic Nervous System; Behavior, Animal; Cardiovascular Physiological Pheno

1988
Analgesic effects of intrathecally applied noradrenergic compounds in the developing rat: differences due to thermal vs mechanical nociception.
    Brain research, 1988, Jun-01, Volume: 469, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Clonidine; Hot Temperature; Injections, Spinal; Nociceptors; N

1988
Idazoxan blocks the action of noradrenaline but not spinal inhibition from electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus and nucleus Kolliker-Fuse of the cat.
    Neuroscience, 1988, Volume: 25, Issue:3

    Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Cats; Clonidine; Dioxanes; Dioxins; Electric Stimulation; Idazoxan; Locu

1988
Selective breeding for levorphanol-induced antinociception on the hot-plate assay: commonalities in mechanism of action with morphine, pentazocine, ethylketocyclazocine, U-50488H and clonidine in mice.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1987, Volume: 241, Issue:2

    Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesia;

1987
Mutual potentiation of antinociceptive effects of morphine and clonidine on motor and sensory responses in rat spinal cord.
    Brain research, 1987, Mar-03, Volume: 405, Issue:1

    Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Female; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; Nerve F

1987
Enhancement of clonidine-induced analgesia by lesions induced with spinal and intracerebroventricular administration of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine.
    Neuropharmacology, 1987, Volume: 26, Issue:4

    Topics: 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine; Analgesia; Animals; Central Nervous System; Clonidine; Dihydroxytryptamines

1987
Clonidine-induced myalgia.
    The Medical journal of Australia, 1987, Oct-05, Volume: 147, Issue:7

    Topics: Clonidine; Humans; Muscular Diseases; Pain

1987
Oral clonidine for proctalgia fugax.
    Gut, 1987, Volume: 28, Issue:8

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Clonidine; Humans; Male; Pain; Rectal Diseases

1987
Learned and pharmacologically-induced tolerance to ethanol and cross-tolerance to morphine and clonidine.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1986, Volume: 24, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Ethanol; Learning; Morphine; Pain; Rats;

1986
Clonidine and diabetic patients with leg pains.
    Annals of internal medicine, 1986, Volume: 105, Issue:4

    Topics: Clonidine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Leg; Male; Middle Aged; Pain

1986
Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma concentrations of clonidine in pigs after epidural, intravenous and intramuscular administration.
    Upsala journal of medical sciences, 1986, Volume: 91, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Gas; Clonidine; Injections, Epidural; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections

1986
[Effect of locus coeruleus stimulation on unit discharge of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in rats].
    Sheng li xue bao : [Acta physiologica Sinica], 1985, Volume: 37, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Clonidine; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Hypoth

1985
Involvement of spinal and supraspinal structures in tizanidine-induced antinociceptive action.
    Neuroscience letters, 1986, Jan-02, Volume: 63, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred S

1986
Effects of clonidine on neuronal firing evoked by a noxious stimulus.
    Brain research, 1985, Feb-18, Volume: 327, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Electrophysiology; Isoquinolines; Male; Neurons; Norepinephrine; Pain; Physical

1985
Association between hypoalgesia and hypertension in rats after short-term isolation.
    Neuropharmacology, 1985, Volume: 24, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Heart Rate; Hypertension; Male; Naloxone; Pain; Rats; Ra

1985
Some experimental pain indices and their applications in the study of analgesic mechanisms.
    Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 1985, Volume: 14, Issue:1

    Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Clonidine; Dental Pulp; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Po

1985
Locus coeruleus lesions in the rat enhance the antinociceptive potency of centrally administered clonidine but not morphine.
    Brain research, 1985, Aug-26, Volume: 341, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Morphine; Norepinephrine; Pain; Periaqueductal Gray; Rats

1985
Analgesia produced by clonidine in mice and rats.
    The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 1974, Volume: 26, Issue:5

    Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Exophthalmos;

1974
[Etiology and therapy of the parotid gland syndrome].
    Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift (1950), 1973, Apr-27, Volume: 115, Issue:17

    Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Chewing Gum; Clonidine; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Eating; Humans; Neostigmine

1973
[Psychopharmacologic profile of prazepam].
    Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de therapie, 1972, Volume: 196, Issue:2

    Topics: Aggression; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Benzazepines; Clonidine; Cyclopropanes; Depression, Chemica

1972