Page last updated: 2024-10-16
choline and Heart Failure
choline has been researched along with Heart Failure in 32 studies
Heart Failure: A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.
Research Excerpts
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "Few studies have examined the associations of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors (choline, betaine, dimethylglycine, and L-carnitine) with the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF)." | 8.02 | Choline Metabolism and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure in the PREDIMED Study. ( Alonso-Gómez, A; Bulló, M; Clish, C; Corella, D; Estruch, R; Fiol, M; Fitó, M; Guasch-Ferré, M; Hernández-Alonso, P; Hu, FB; Li, J; Liang, L; Martínez-González, MA; Papandreou, C; Ros, E; Ruiz-Canela, M; Salas-Salvadó, J; Santos-Lozano, JM; Serra-Majem, L; Toledo, E, 2021) |
| "We had previously reported an increase in trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels in patients with both compensated and decompensated heart failure (HF) and alteration in gut microbiota composition using 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis." | 8.02 | Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiota reveals its role in trimethylamine metabolism in heart failure. ( Emoto, T; Gotoh, Y; Hayashi, T; Hirata, KI; Kami, K; Matsumoto, K; Saito, Y; Tabata, T; Takahashi, T; Tanaka, H; Watanabe, H; Yamada, T; Yamashita, T; Yoshida, N, 2021) |
| "A high-choline diet exacerbates cardiac dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, and inflammation in HFpEF mice, and 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol ameliorates the high-choline diet-induced cardiac remodeling." | 7.96 | High-Choline Diet Exacerbates Cardiac Dysfunction, Fibrosis, and Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. ( Li, X; Li, Y; Shuai, W; Wang, D; Wen, J; Xiang, J, 2020) |
| "Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbe-dependent metabolite of dietary choline and other trimethylamine-containing nutrients, is both elevated in the circulation of patients having heart failure and heralds worse overall prognosis." | 7.83 | Choline Diet and Its Gut Microbe-Derived Metabolite, Trimethylamine N-Oxide, Exacerbate Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Failure. ( Bhushan, S; Bradley, J; Hazen, SL; Lefer, DJ; Organ, CL; Otsuka, H; Polhemus, DJ; Tang, WH; Trivedi, R; Wang, Z; Wu, Y, 2016) |
| "A panel of gut-related biomarkers including metabolites of the choline/carnitine- pathway (acetyl-L-carnitine, betaine, choline, γ-butyrobetaine, L-carnitine and trimethylamine-N-oxide [TMAO]) and the gut peptide, Trefoil factor-3 (TFF-3), were investigated in 1,783 patients with worsening HF enrolled in the systems BIOlogy Study to TAilored Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure (BIOSTAT-CHF) cohort and associations with HF severity and outcomes, and use in risk stratification were assessed." | 4.12 | Surrogate markers of gut dysfunction are related to heart failure severity and outcome-from the BIOSTAT-CHF consortium. ( Anker, SD; Cleland, JG; Israr, MZ; Lang, CC; Metra, M; Ng, LL; Salzano, A; Samani, NJ; Suzuki, T; van Veldhuisen, DJ; Voors, AA; Zannad, F; Zhan, H, 2022) |
| "Few studies have examined the associations of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors (choline, betaine, dimethylglycine, and L-carnitine) with the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF)." | 4.02 | Choline Metabolism and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure in the PREDIMED Study. ( Alonso-Gómez, A; Bulló, M; Clish, C; Corella, D; Estruch, R; Fiol, M; Fitó, M; Guasch-Ferré, M; Hernández-Alonso, P; Hu, FB; Li, J; Liang, L; Martínez-González, MA; Papandreou, C; Ros, E; Ruiz-Canela, M; Salas-Salvadó, J; Santos-Lozano, JM; Serra-Majem, L; Toledo, E, 2021) |
| "Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut-related metabolite, is associated with heart failure (HF) outcomes." | 4.02 | Association of gut-related metabolites with outcome in acute heart failure. ( Bernieh, D; Cassambai, S; Heaney, LM; Israr, MZ; Jones, DJL; Ng, LL; Salzano, A; Suzuki, T; Yazaki, Y, 2021) |
| "We had previously reported an increase in trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels in patients with both compensated and decompensated heart failure (HF) and alteration in gut microbiota composition using 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis." | 4.02 | Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiota reveals its role in trimethylamine metabolism in heart failure. ( Emoto, T; Gotoh, Y; Hayashi, T; Hirata, KI; Kami, K; Matsumoto, K; Saito, Y; Tabata, T; Takahashi, T; Tanaka, H; Watanabe, H; Yamada, T; Yamashita, T; Yoshida, N, 2021) |
| "Background Patients at increased risk for coronary artery disease and adverse prognosis during heart failure exhibit increased levels of circulating trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite formed in the metabolism of dietary phosphatidylcholine." | 3.96 | Nonlethal Inhibition of Gut Microbial Trimethylamine N-oxide Production Improves Cardiac Function and Remodeling in a Murine Model of Heart Failure. ( Goodchild, TT; Gupta, N; Hazen, SL; Lefer, DJ; Li, Z; Organ, CL; Polhemus, DJ; Sharp, TE; Tang, WHW, 2020) |
| "A high-choline diet exacerbates cardiac dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, and inflammation in HFpEF mice, and 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol ameliorates the high-choline diet-induced cardiac remodeling." | 3.96 | High-Choline Diet Exacerbates Cardiac Dysfunction, Fibrosis, and Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. ( Li, X; Li, Y; Shuai, W; Wang, D; Wen, J; Xiang, J, 2020) |
| "To determine if differences exist in plasma concentrations of TMAO, choline, or l-carnitine among dogs with DMVD and congestive heart failure (CHF), dogs with asymptomatic DMVD, and healthy control dogs." | 3.91 | A pilot study investigating circulating trimethylamine N-oxide and its precursors in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease with or without congestive heart failure. ( Freeman, LM; Karlin, ET; Rush, JE, 2019) |
| "Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbe-dependent metabolite of dietary choline and other trimethylamine-containing nutrients, is both elevated in the circulation of patients having heart failure and heralds worse overall prognosis." | 3.83 | Choline Diet and Its Gut Microbe-Derived Metabolite, Trimethylamine N-Oxide, Exacerbate Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Failure. ( Bhushan, S; Bradley, J; Hazen, SL; Lefer, DJ; Organ, CL; Otsuka, H; Polhemus, DJ; Tang, WH; Trivedi, R; Wang, Z; Wu, Y, 2016) |
| " Thirty-nine dogs were divided into five groups: rapid atrial pacing (RAP), chronic mitral regurgitation (MR), congestive heart failure (CHF), methylcholine (Meth), and control." | 3.73 | Structural atrial remodeling alters the substrate and spatiotemporal organization of atrial fibrillation: a comparison in canine models of structural and electrical atrial remodeling. ( Everett, TH; Foreman, S; Guerra, JM; Olgin, JE; Verheule, S; Wilson, EE, 2006) |
| "Choline was not a marker for myocardial necrosis but indicated high-risk unstable angina in patients without acute myocardial infarction (sensitivity 86." | 1.32 | Prognostic implications of elevated whole blood choline levels in acute coronary syndromes. ( Danne, O; Frei, U; Lueders, C; Lufft, H; Möckel, M; Mügge, C; Müller, C; Zschunke, GA, 2003) |
| "The creatine level was independently correlated with half-recovery time and duration of heart failure symptoms in PWM (r = -0." | 1.30 | Cerebral metabolic abnormalities in congestive heart failure detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ( Hong, MK; Kim, JJ; Kim, ST; Lee, CW; Lee, JH; Lim, TH; Park, SJ; Park, SW, 1999) |
Research
Studies (32)
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 9 (28.13) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 1 (3.13) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 5 (15.63) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 4 (12.50) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 13 (40.63) | 2.80 |
Authors
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Lv, S | 1 |
| Wang, Y | 1 |
| Zhang, W | 1 |
| Shang, H | 1 |
| Bin-Jumah, MN | 1 |
| Gilani, SJ | 1 |
| Hosawi, S | 1 |
| Al-Abbasi, FA | 1 |
| Zeyadi, M | 1 |
| Imam, SS | 1 |
| Alshehri, S | 1 |
| Ghoneim, MM | 1 |
| Nadeem, MS | 1 |
| Kazmi, I | 1 |
| Israr, MZ | 3 |
| Zhan, H | 1 |
| Salzano, A | 3 |
| Voors, AA | 1 |
| Cleland, JG | 1 |
| Anker, SD | 1 |
| Metra, M | 1 |
| van Veldhuisen, DJ | 1 |
| Lang, CC | 1 |
| Zannad, F | 1 |
| Samani, NJ | 1 |
| Ng, LL | 2 |
| Suzuki, T | 3 |
| Cassambai, S | 2 |
| Yazaki, Y | 2 |
| Bernieh, D | 2 |
| Wong, M | 1 |
| Wargny, M | 1 |
| Croyal, M | 1 |
| Ragot, S | 1 |
| Gand, E | 1 |
| Jacobi, D | 1 |
| Trochu, JN | 1 |
| Prieur, X | 1 |
| Le May, C | 1 |
| Goronflot, T | 1 |
| Cariou, B | 1 |
| Saulnier, PJ | 1 |
| Hadjadj, S | 1 |
| Yoshida, Y | 2 |
| Shimizu, I | 1 |
| Shimada, A | 1 |
| Nakahara, K | 1 |
| Yanagisawa, S | 1 |
| Kubo, M | 1 |
| Fukuda, S | 1 |
| Ishii, C | 1 |
| Yamamoto, H | 1 |
| Ishikawa, T | 1 |
| Kano, K | 1 |
| Aoki, J | 1 |
| Katsuumi, G | 1 |
| Suda, M | 1 |
| Ozaki, K | 1 |
| Okuda, S | 1 |
| Ohta, S | 1 |
| Okamoto, S | 1 |
| Minokoshi, Y | 1 |
| Oda, K | 1 |
| Sasaoka, T | 1 |
| Abe, M | 1 |
| Sakimura, K | 1 |
| Kubota, Y | 1 |
| Yoshimura, N | 1 |
| Kajimura, S | 1 |
| Zuriaga, M | 1 |
| Walsh, K | 1 |
| Soga, T | 1 |
| Minamino, T | 1 |
| Organ, CL | 2 |
| Li, Z | 1 |
| Sharp, TE | 1 |
| Polhemus, DJ | 2 |
| Gupta, N | 1 |
| Goodchild, TT | 1 |
| Tang, WHW | 1 |
| Hazen, SL | 2 |
| Lefer, DJ | 2 |
| Shuai, W | 1 |
| Wen, J | 1 |
| Li, X | 1 |
| Wang, D | 1 |
| Li, Y | 1 |
| Xiang, J | 1 |
| Esposito, G | 1 |
| Schiattarella, GG | 1 |
| Papandreou, C | 1 |
| Bulló, M | 1 |
| Hernández-Alonso, P | 1 |
| Ruiz-Canela, M | 1 |
| Li, J | 1 |
| Guasch-Ferré, M | 1 |
| Toledo, E | 1 |
| Clish, C | 1 |
| Corella, D | 1 |
| Estruch, R | 1 |
| Ros, E | 1 |
| Fitó, M | 1 |
| Alonso-Gómez, A | 1 |
| Fiol, M | 1 |
| Santos-Lozano, JM | 1 |
| Serra-Majem, L | 1 |
| Liang, L | 1 |
| Martínez-González, MA | 1 |
| Hu, FB | 1 |
| Salas-Salvadó, J | 1 |
| Heaney, LM | 1 |
| Jones, DJL | 1 |
| Emoto, T | 1 |
| Hayashi, T | 2 |
| Tabata, T | 1 |
| Yamashita, T | 1 |
| Watanabe, H | 1 |
| Takahashi, T | 1 |
| Gotoh, Y | 1 |
| Kami, K | 1 |
| Yoshida, N | 1 |
| Saito, Y | 1 |
| Tanaka, H | 1 |
| Matsumoto, K | 1 |
| Yamada, T | 1 |
| Hirata, KI | 1 |
| Wei, H | 1 |
| Zhao, M | 1 |
| Huang, M | 1 |
| Li, C | 1 |
| Gao, J | 1 |
| Yu, T | 1 |
| Zhang, Q | 1 |
| Shen, X | 1 |
| Ji, L | 1 |
| Ni, L | 1 |
| Zhao, C | 1 |
| Wang, Z | 2 |
| Dong, E | 1 |
| Zheng, L | 1 |
| Wang, DW | 1 |
| Karlin, ET | 1 |
| Rush, JE | 1 |
| Freeman, LM | 1 |
| SANDRI, A | 1 |
| Woo, MA | 1 |
| Yadav, SK | 1 |
| Macey, PM | 1 |
| Fonarow, GC | 1 |
| Harper, RM | 1 |
| Kumar, R | 1 |
| Trøseid, M | 1 |
| Ueland, T | 1 |
| Hov, JR | 1 |
| Svardal, A | 1 |
| Gregersen, I | 1 |
| Dahl, CP | 1 |
| Aakhus, S | 1 |
| Gude, E | 1 |
| Bjørndal, B | 1 |
| Halvorsen, B | 1 |
| Karlsen, TH | 1 |
| Aukrust, P | 1 |
| Gullestad, L | 1 |
| Berge, RK | 1 |
| Yndestad, A | 1 |
| Otsuka, H | 1 |
| Bhushan, S | 1 |
| Bradley, J | 1 |
| Trivedi, R | 1 |
| Tang, WH | 1 |
| Wu, Y | 1 |
| Danne, O | 1 |
| Möckel, M | 1 |
| Lueders, C | 1 |
| Mügge, C | 1 |
| Zschunke, GA | 1 |
| Lufft, H | 1 |
| Müller, C | 1 |
| Frei, U | 1 |
| GOVIER, WM | 1 |
| FREYBURGER, WA | 1 |
| GIBBONS, AJ | 1 |
| HOWES, BG | 1 |
| SMITS, E | 1 |
| PEARSON, S | 1 |
| HAAR, H | 1 |
| BROH-KAHN, RH | 1 |
| McGAVACK, TH | 1 |
| BATTERMAN, RC | 2 |
| GROSSMAN, AJ | 1 |
| BLACKMAN, AL | 2 |
| BROOKS, AM | 1 |
| SCHWIMMER, J | 2 |
| CROSSMAN, AJ | 1 |
| PELECH, JT | 1 |
| VALERIO, VM | 1 |
| FROLLO, A | 1 |
| Lee, CW | 3 |
| Lee, JH | 3 |
| Yang, HS | 2 |
| Lim, KH | 1 |
| Ahn, JM | 1 |
| Hong, MK | 3 |
| Park, SW | 3 |
| Park, SJ | 3 |
| Song, MG | 1 |
| Kim, JJ | 3 |
| Everett, TH | 1 |
| Wilson, EE | 1 |
| Verheule, S | 1 |
| Guerra, JM | 1 |
| Foreman, S | 1 |
| Olgin, JE | 1 |
| SPADOLINI, I | 1 |
| Al-Damluji, S | 1 |
| Nathan, AW | 1 |
| Johnston, A | 1 |
| Banim, SO | 1 |
| Spurrell, RA | 1 |
| Camm, AJ | 1 |
| Kim, ST | 1 |
| Lim, TH | 2 |
| Malloy, CR | 1 |
| Song, JK | 1 |
Clinical Trials (1)
Trial Overview
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GutHeart: Targeting Gut Microbiota to Treat Heart Failure[NCT02637167] | Phase 2 | 150 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-03-11 | Recruiting | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Reviews
3 reviews available for choline and Heart Failure
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Trimethylamine oxide: a potential target for heart failure therapy.
Topics: Cardiotonic Agents; Carnitine; Choline; Diuretics; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Heart Failure; Human | 2022 |
Pathobiological Relationship of Excessive Dietary Intake of Choline/L-Carnitine: A TMAO Precursor-Associated Aggravation in Heart Failure in Sarcopenic Patients.
Topics: Biodiversity; Biomarkers; Carnitine; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Disease Susceptibility; Dysbiosis | 2021 |
The Gut Axis Involvement in Heart Failure: Focus on Trimethylamine N-oxide.
Topics: Choline; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Heart Failure; Humans; Methylamines | 2022 |
Trials
1 trial available for choline and Heart Failure
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Prognostic significance of cerebral metabolic abnormalities in patients with congestive heart failure.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Diseases, Metabolic; Choline; Creatine; Female; Follow-Up Studies | 2001 |
Other Studies
28 other studies available for choline and Heart Failure
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Surrogate markers of gut dysfunction are related to heart failure severity and outcome-from the BIOSTAT-CHF consortium.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Biomarkers; Carnitine; Choline; Chronic Disease; Heart Failure; Humans | 2022 |
Nutritional biomarkers and heart failure requiring hospitalization in patients with type 2 diabetes: the SURDIAGENE cohort.
Topics: Aged; Betaine; Biomarkers; Carnitine; Choline; Cohort Studies; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2022 |
Brown adipose tissue dysfunction promotes heart failure via a trimethylamine N-oxide-dependent mechanism.
Topics: Adipocytes, Brown; Adipose Tissue, Brown; Animals; Choline; Heart Failure; Methylamines; Mice; Myoca | 2022 |
Nonlethal Inhibition of Gut Microbial Trimethylamine N-oxide Production Improves Cardiac Function and Remodeling in a Murine Model of Heart Failure.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Choline; Disease Models, Animal; Down-Regulation; Enzyme Inhi | 2020 |
High-Choline Diet Exacerbates Cardiac Dysfunction, Fibrosis, and Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.
Topics: Animals; Choline; Diet; Fibrosis; Heart Failure; Humans; Inflammation; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Str | 2020 |
Feeding Diastolic Dysfunction: Is It a Bug?
Topics: Animals; Choline; Diet; Fibrosis; Heart Diseases; Heart Failure; Inflammation; Mice; Stroke Volume | 2020 |
Choline Metabolism and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure in the PREDIMED Study.
Topics: Aged; Atrial Fibrillation; Betaine; Carnitine; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Female; Heart Failure; | 2021 |
Association of gut-related metabolites with outcome in acute heart failure.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Acute Disease; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Female; Gastro | 2021 |
Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiota reveals its role in trimethylamine metabolism in heart failure.
Topics: Choline; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Heart Failure; Humans; Metagenome; Methylamines; RNA, Ribosoma | 2021 |
FMO3-TMAO axis modulates the clinical outcome in chronic heart-failure patients with reduced ejection fraction: evidence from an Asian population.
Topics: Carnitine; Choline; Chronic Disease; Heart Failure; Humans; Methylamines; Oxygenases; Prospective St | 2022 |
A pilot study investigating circulating trimethylamine N-oxide and its precursors in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease with or without congestive heart failure.
Topics: Animals; Carnitine; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Echo | 2019 |
[Use of lipotropic factors in the therapy of chronic cardiac insufficiency].
Topics: Choline; Heart Failure; Humans; Lipotropic Agents | 1950 |
Brain metabolites in autonomic regulatory insular sites in heart failure.
Topics: Adult; Autonomic Nervous System; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Creatine; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; | 2014 |
Microbiota-dependent metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide is associated with disease severity and survival of patients with chronic heart failure.
Topics: Aged; Betaine; Biomarkers; Choline; Chronic Disease; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Intestinal Mucos | 2015 |
Choline Diet and Its Gut Microbe-Derived Metabolite, Trimethylamine N-Oxide, Exacerbate Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Failure.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Cardiomegaly; Choline; Diet; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Fibrosi | 2016 |
Prognostic implications of elevated whole blood choline levels in acute coronary syndromes.
Topics: Angina, Unstable; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Biomarkers; Choline; Female; | 2003 |
The relation of the choline cycle to cardiac decompensation; acetylcholine metabolism in the dog heart-lung preparation.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Choline; Dogs; Heart; Heart Failure; Humans | 1953 |
The inhibition by choline theophyllinate of water retention induced by pitressin.
Topics: Arginine Vasopressin; Choline; Heart Failure; Theophylline; Vasopressins | 1954 |
Choline theophyllinate, a new xanthine drug for the effective oral treatment of congestive heart failure; a preliminary report.
Topics: Choline; Heart Failure; Humans; Theophylline; Treatment Outcome; Xanthine; Xanthines | 1954 |
Treatment of congestive heart failure and anginal syndrome with choline theophyllinate.
Topics: Angina Pectoris; Choline; Heart Failure; Humans; Theophylline | 1955 |
Management of chronic congestive failure and angina pectoris in geriatric patients with choline theophyllinate.
Topics: Aged; Angina Pectoris; Choline; Disease Management; Heart Failure; Humans; Lung Diseases; Theophylli | 1957 |
[Clinical observations on the therapeutic use of choline theophyllinate].
Topics: Choline; Coronary Disease; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypertension; Theophylline | 1959 |
Effects of heart transplantation on cerebral metabolic abnormalities in patients with congestive heart failure.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Female; Heart Failure; Heart Transplantation; Humans | 2006 |
Structural atrial remodeling alters the substrate and spatiotemporal organization of atrial fibrillation: a comparison in canine models of structural and electrical atrial remodeling.
Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrial Function, Left; Atrial Function, Right; C | 2006 |
Graduated reactions and maximal reactions (T. or N.) in the ventricular myocardium of amphibians in relation to the release of neurohormone factors (acetylcholine)
Topics: Choline; Heart Failure | 1949 |
Oral theophylline in chronic heart failure.
Topics: Choline; Heart Failure; Heart Function Tests; Humans; Male; Theophylline; Time Factors | 1982 |
Cerebral metabolic abnormalities in congestive heart failure detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Creatine; Echocardiography, Doppler; Exercise Test; | 1999 |
Correlation of cerebral metabolites with clinical outcome among patients with severe congestive heart failure.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Cognition Disorders; Creatine; Disease Progression; Heart Failure; Hu | 2001 |