cefquinome and Sepsis

A multicentre field study was conducted in accordance with VICH Guideline on Good Clinical Practice (VICH 2000) to confirm the efficacy and safety of a new formulation of cefquinome for the treatment of naturally occurring severe bacterial infections and septicaemia in foals. Thirty-nine foals suffering from severe bacterial infections (such as pneumonia, gastro-enteritis, arthritis, omphalitis, or wound infections) or acute septicaemia were treated twice daily with the test product (1 mg cefquinome/kg body weight) intravenously for three days and then intramuscularly for three to 11 days. Investigators examined the foals daily and scored both systemic and local clinical signs to assess the response to treatment, treatment success and relapses. On the day of inclusion a blood sample was taken from each foal for IgG determination and blood culture. In case of abnormal clinical findings additional samples were taken for bacteriology. Treatment was successful in 87.2% of cases (34 of 39 foals) and no relapses were observed. The average duration of treatment was 7.5 days. At inclusion, bacterial culture was positive in 40.5% (15 out of 37) of the blood cultures. Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens and Staphylococcus spp. were the most common isolates and were all susceptible to cefquinome. E. coli predominated in swabs from umbilical and open wound infections, and in rectal swabs E. coli. There was no correlation between IgG at inclusion and study outcome or treatment duration. The test product was very well tolerated by all of the foals following intravenous and intramuscular injection. The cefquinome formulation tested was effective and safe in the treatment of severe bacterial infections and septicaemia in foals under field conditions.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Bacterial Infections; Cephalosporins; Horse Diseases; Horses; Immunoglobulin G; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Random Allocation; Sepsis; Treatment Outcome

Epizootiological, clinical, bacteriological and haematological studies were carried out to assess the effectiveness of the recently developed cephalosporin preparation Cefquinome in the treatment of the puerperal septicaemia and toxaemia syndrome. Cefquinome was administered at three different doses (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg BW) to 188 sows with feverish puerperal illness. Amoxicillin (7 mg/kg BW) was used as a control drug. In 41% of cases endometritis was a monoinfection whereas in 70% of mammary infections mixed infections were diagnosed. Results showed that for therapy of puerperal septicaemia and toxaemia Cefquinome at doses of 2 mg/kg BW and 4 mg/kg BW is clearly more effective than the control drug Amoxicillin and Cefquinome at its lowest dose of 1 mg/kg BW.

Topics: Amoxicillin; Animals; Cephalosporins; Endometritis; Female; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Puerperal Disorders; Sepsis; Swine; Swine Diseases; Syndrome; Toxemia

Cefquinome is a new injectable aminothiazolyl cephalosporin derivative. It is stable against chromosomally and plasmid-encoded beta-lactamases and has a broad antibacterial spectrum. Staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and members of the family Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp., and Serratia marcescens) are inhibited at low concentrations. Cefquinome is also active against many strains of methicillin-resistant staphylococci and enterococci. Its in vitro activity against gram-negative anaerobes is very limited. The high in vitro activity of cefquinome is reflected by its high in vivo efficacy against experimental septicemia due to different gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. We studied the pharmacokinetic properties of cefquinome in mice, dogs, pigs, and calves. After single parenteral administrations, cefquinome displayed high peak levels, declining with half-lives of about 0.5, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.3 h, respectively. The areas under the concentration-time curve determined for dogs and mice showed linear correlations to the given doses. In dogs the urinary recovery was more than 70% within 24 h of dosing.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Proteins; beta-Lactamases; Blood Proteins; Carrier Proteins; Cattle; Cephalosporins; Culture Media; Dogs; Enzyme Stability; Female; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Hexosyltransferases; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase; Penicillin-Binding Proteins; Peptidyl Transferases; Sepsis; Swine