Page last updated: 2024-10-23

azathioprine and Edema

azathioprine has been researched along with Edema in 41 studies

Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.

Edema: Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"Nine patients with peripheral chronic cyclitis and cystic edema of the macula were treated with azathioprine and small doses of corticosteroids."9.04[Treatment with azathioprine of peripheral chronic cyclitis with cystoid edema of the macula (author's transl)]. ( Charamis, I; Skouras, I, 1977)
"Nine patients with peripheral chronic cyclitis and cystic edema of the macula were treated with azathioprine and small doses of corticosteroids."5.04[Treatment with azathioprine of peripheral chronic cyclitis with cystoid edema of the macula (author's transl)]. ( Charamis, I; Skouras, I, 1977)
"9 g 24-h proteinuria while still in remission of the protein-losing enteropathy, receiving 5 mg prednisone and 100 mg azathioprine daily."3.78Protein-losing enteropathy as initial manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Braga, LL; Brandão, LA; Carneiro, FO; Rocha, FA; Sampaio, LR, 2012)
" The rapid progression of both diseases forced us to start an immunosuppressive drug therapy using azathioprine and steroids, 18 months after the beginning of the treatment the patient is well, has only slight proteinuria, normal levels of complement and no joint pain."3.65[Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis and rheumatoid arthritis. A case with diagnostic and therapeutic questions (author's transl)]. ( Bürkle, PA; Federlin, K; Franz, HE; Tönnesmann, E, 1976)
"Polymyositis is an immune-mediated inflammatory myopathy usually presenting with weakness of proximal muscles in a symmetric pattern."1.72Generalised oedema as a presenting manifestation of inflammatory myopathy. ( Chandra, A; Ghosh, SK; Karmakar, P; Karmakar, PS; Ray, AK, 2022)
"Azathioprine is an immunosuppressant drug used in many dermatological and nondermatological pathologies."1.62Azathioprine hypersensitivity syndrome: report of two cases with cutaneous manifestations. ( Barrio-González, S; Fariña-Sabaris, MC; Jo-Velasco, M; Lorda-Sánchez, I; Moya-Martínez, C; Núñez-Hipólito, L; Requena, L; Santonja, C, 2021)
"Collagenous gastritis is an uncommon gastrointestinal disease in children."1.51Collagenous gastritis: An unusual cause of generalized oedema in a child. ( Brown, RA; De Lacy, RJ; Eke, CB; Goddard, EA; Pillay, K, 2019)
" In spite of the temporary remission after re-initiation of oral steroid therapy, reduction of oral steroid dosage resulted in new lesion formation apart from the initial locations."1.43An adult-onset multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis (MDEM) presenting favorable response to steroid therapy. ( Fujimura, H; Fukada, K; Hazama, T; Inoue, K; Kinoshita, M; Sugimura, Y, 2016)
"Extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease such as erythema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum are well recognized and appreciated."1.35Clinical spectrum of vulva metastatic Crohn's disease. ( Buchman, AL; Collyer, J; Leu, S; Mirowski, GW; Schlosser, B; Smidt, A; Stika, CS; Sun, PK; Vanagunas, A, 2009)
"A modified model of adjuvant arthritis is described that permits simultaneous quantitative measurement of the humoral and the cellular immune response to a secondary immunogen (el4 cells) in the arthritic rat."1.26Adjuvant polyarthritis I: incorporation of quantitative measurements of humoral and cellular immune response. ( Chang, YH, 1977)

Research

Studies (41)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199023 (56.10)18.7374
1990's2 (4.88)18.2507
2000's6 (14.63)29.6817
2010's8 (19.51)24.3611
2020's2 (4.88)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Ray, AK1
Karmakar, P1
Chandra, A1
Ghosh, SK1
Karmakar, PS1
Moya-Martínez, C1
Núñez-Hipólito, L1
Barrio-González, S1
Santonja, C1
Jo-Velasco, M1
Lorda-Sánchez, I1
Fariña-Sabaris, MC1
Requena, L1
Eke, CB1
Brown, RA1
De Lacy, RJ1
Pillay, K1
Goddard, EA1
Bishnoi, A1
Banerjee, N1
Saikia, UN1
Parsad, D1
Morales, E1
Rabasco, C1
Panizo, N1
Gutierrez, E1
Martinez, MA1
Toldos, O1
Praga, M1
Ong, SG1
Ding, HJ1
Sugimura, Y1
Kinoshita, M1
Fukada, K1
Inoue, K1
Fujimura, H1
Hazama, T1
Leu, S1
Sun, PK1
Collyer, J1
Smidt, A1
Stika, CS1
Schlosser, B1
Mirowski, GW1
Vanagunas, A1
Buchman, AL1
Adema, AY1
Schilder, AM1
Schreuder, TC1
Grünberg, K1
Bultink, IE1
Mulder, CJ1
Carneiro, FO1
Sampaio, LR1
Brandão, LA1
Braga, LL1
Rocha, FA1
Jung, KD1
Kim, PS1
Park, HY1
Kim, CR1
Byun, JY1
Lee, DY1
Lee, JH1
Yang, JM1
Lee, ES1
De León, EJ1
Olmedo, DA1
Solís, PN1
Gupta, MP1
Terencio, MC1
Hall, VC1
Keeling, JH1
Davis, MD1
Mok, CC1
Ying, KY1
Mak, A1
To, CH1
Szeto, ML1
Kastrup, A1
Gdynia, HJ1
Nägele, T1
Riecker, A1
Budihna, NV1
Milcinski, M1
Kajtna-Koselj, M1
Malovrh, M1
Jungling, AS1
Shangraw, RE1
Bürkle, PA1
Tönnesmann, E1
Franz, HE1
Federlin, K1
Grupe, WE1
Charamis, I1
Skouras, I1
Chang, YH1
Riedel, RR1
Schmitt, A1
de Jonge, JP1
Hartmann, A1
Katz, SM1
Greenstein, SM1
Simonian, S1
Miller, A1
Hakki, A1
Sowinski, J1
Biesecker, G1
Levy, L1
Robson, GS1
Mackay, IR1
Lines, DR1
Jayson, MI1
Jones, DE1
Forbes, MJ1
Sinclair, L1
Tsukada, W1
Akimoto, T1
Mizushima, Y1
Flower, R1
Gryglewski, R1
Herbaczyńska-Cedro, K1
Vane, JR1
Staudacher, V1
Varkarakis, MJ1
Bhanalaph, T1
Murphy, GP1
Dukes, M1
Chan, WC1
Willoughby, DA1
Suzuki, Y1
Ito, I1
Ito, M1
Yamagami, I1
Breslin, AB1
Morgan, JJ1
Seldon, WA1
Shanahan, MX1
Lower, RR2
Kosek, JC1
Kemp, VE1
Graham, WH2
Sewell, DH1
Lim, F1
Childs, JW1
De Giorgi, LS1
Weymouth, RJ1
Seibel, HR1
Gondos, B1
White, P1
Benfield, JR1
Wagner-Jauregg, T1
Fischer, J1
Jahn, U1
Arrigoni-Martelli, E1
Schiatti, P1
Selva, D1
McDonald, R1

Reviews

1 review available for azathioprine and Edema

ArticleYear
Primary nephrotic syndrome in childhood.
    Advances in pediatrics, 1979, Volume: 26

    Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Edema; Hospitalization; Humans; Immunization; I

1979

Trials

1 trial available for azathioprine and Edema

ArticleYear
[Treatment with azathioprine of peripheral chronic cyclitis with cystoid edema of the macula (author's transl)].
    Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde, 1977, Volume: 170, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cysts; Dexamethasone; Edema; Female; Fluorescein Angi

1977

Other Studies

39 other studies available for azathioprine and Edema

ArticleYear
Generalised oedema as a presenting manifestation of inflammatory myopathy.
    BMJ case reports, 2022, Mar-03, Volume: 15, Issue:3

    Topics: Azathioprine; Edema; Female; Humans; Muscle Weakness; Myositis; Polymyositis

2022
Azathioprine hypersensitivity syndrome: report of two cases with cutaneous manifestations.
    Clinical and experimental dermatology, 2021, Volume: 46, Issue:6

    Topics: Azathioprine; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome; Edema; Humans; Immunosuppress

2021
Collagenous gastritis: An unusual cause of generalized oedema in a child.
    Journal of tropical pediatrics, 2019, Jun-01, Volume: 65, Issue:3

    Topics: Albumins; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Collagen; Diarrhea; Edema; Endoscopy, Gastr

2019
An infiltrated vulvar plaque: Metastatic cutaneous Crohn's disease.
    American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2019, Volume: 221, Issue:3

    Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Edema; Erythema; Female; Gluco

2019
Mesangial nephropathy and anti-synthetase syndrome: An odd association.
    Nefrologia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola Nefrologia, 2015, Volume: 35, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dyspnea; Edem

2015
Patient with statin-associated immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy presenting with subcutaneous edema, persistent bulbar weakness and absent anti-HMGCR.
    International journal of rheumatic diseases, 2017, Volume: 20, Issue:12

    Topics: Aged; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Bulbar Palsy, Progressive; Edema; Glucocorticoids; Human

2017
An adult-onset multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis (MDEM) presenting favorable response to steroid therapy.
    Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology, 2016, 12-28, Volume: 56, Issue:12

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Azathioprine; Brain; Demyelinating Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug The

2016
Clinical spectrum of vulva metastatic Crohn's disease.
    Digestive diseases and sciences, 2009, Volume: 54, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Colon; Colonoscopy; Crohn Disease; Disease Progression;

2009
Ascites as the presenting symptom in a patient with Churg-Strauss syndrome.
    Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD, 2010, Volume: 19, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Ascites; Asthma; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Churg-Strauss Syndrome; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dysp

2010
Protein-losing enteropathy as initial manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus.
    Lupus, 2012, Volume: 21, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Azathioprine; Biomarkers; Complement C3; Diarrhea; Drug Therapy

2012
Dermatomyositis associated with generalized subcutaneous edema and Evans syndrome.
    Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2012, Volume: 66, Issue:1

    Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Azathioprine; Dermatomyositis; Edema; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans

2012
Diayangambin exerts immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo.
    Planta medica, 2002, Volume: 68, Issue:12

    Topics: Animals; Anisoles; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Azathioprine; Dexamethasone; Dinoproston

2002
Periorbital edema as the presenting sign of dermatomyositis.
    International journal of dermatology, 2003, Volume: 42, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Dermatomyositis; Diagnosis, Differe

2003
Outcome of protein-losing gastroenteropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus treated with prednisolone and azathioprine.
    Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2006, Volume: 45, Issue:4

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; Diarrhea;

2006
Dropped-head syndrome due to steroid responsive focal myositis: a case report and review of the literature.
    Journal of the neurological sciences, 2008, Apr-15, Volume: 267, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Di

2008
Relevance of Tc-99m DMSA scintigraphy in renal transplant parenchymal imaging.
    Clinical nuclear medicine, 1994, Volume: 19, Issue:9

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Azathioprine; Creatinine; Cyclosporine; Edema; Female; Fibrosis; Glucocorticoi

1994
Massive airway edema after azathioprine.
    Anesthesiology, 2000, Volume: 92, Issue:3

    Topics: Airway Obstruction; Anesthesia; Azathioprine; Blood Pressure; Edema; Female; Graft Rejection; Humans

2000
[Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis and rheumatoid arthritis. A case with diagnostic and therapeutic questions (author's transl)].
    Immunitat und Infektion, 1976, Volume: 4, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Beta-Globulins; Complement C3; Complement C4; Complement

1976
Adjuvant polyarthritis I: incorporation of quantitative measurements of humoral and cellular immune response.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1977, Volume: 201, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Arthritis; Arthritis, Experimental; Azathioprine; Cell Line; Cyclophosphamide; Edema; Freun

1977
Gastrointestinal type 1 hypersensitivity to azathioprine.
    Klinische Wochenschrift, 1990, Jan-04, Volume: 68, Issue:1

    Topics: Azathioprine; Drug Hypersensitivity; Edema; Eosinophilia; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa

1990
Inflammatory mediators in allograft malfunction: a new concept in the cyclosporin era.
    Transplantation proceedings, 1989, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Pt 1

    Topics: Azathioprine; Complement System Proteins; Cyclosporins; Edema; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Graft

1989
Effect of predosing animals with immunosuppressive drugs on immune and non-immune induced inflammatory responses.
    Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de therapie, 1974, Volume: 211, Issue:1

    Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Arthritis; Azathioprine; Carrageenan; Cyclophosphamide; Dexamethaso

1974
Generalized cytomegalovirus infection in a patient with lupoid hepatitis.
    Australasian annals of medicine, 1969, Volume: 18, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Edema; Esophagus; Female; Hemorrhag

1969
Nephrotic syndrome and nephroblastoma. Report of a case.
    The Journal of pediatrics, 1968, Volume: 72, Issue:2

    Topics: Azathioprine; Child, Preschool; Edema; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Nephrosis; Prednisolone; Urog

1968
Scleritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
    Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 1971, Volume: 30, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Age Factors; Arteritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Betamethas

1971
Lupus nephritis: response to azathioprine.
    Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1974, Volume: 67, Issue:8

    Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Edema; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glomerulonephritis; Hematuria;

1974
Some aspects of anti-inflammatory action of immunosuppressive drugs.
    Japanese journal of pharmacology, 1974, Volume: 24, Issue:4

    Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathio

1974
Effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on prostaglandin biosynthesis.
    Nature: New biology, 1972, Jul-26, Volume: 238, Issue:82

    Topics: Acetaminophen; Aldosterone; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aspirin; Azathioprine; Benzoates; Bio

1972
Ultrastructural changes in canine lung allografts.
    International surgery, 1973, Volume: 58, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Dogs; Edema; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Golgi Apparatus; Histocompatibility; Lung

1973
Effect of estrogens on canine renal allografts.
    Urology, 1974, Volume: 3, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Capillary Permeability; Dogs; Drug Synergism; Edema; Est

1974
The effect of various immunosuppressive agents on the vascular and cellular response to carvageenan in the rat.
    The Journal of pathology, 1973, Volume: 109, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Busulfan; Carrageenan; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Edema; Immunosuppressi

1973
[Changes of mucopolysaccharase, protease and collagenolytic activities in rats with adjuvant arthritis and the effects of various anti-inflammatory drugs].
    Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica, 1973, Volume: 69, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Azathioprine; Barbiturates; Chloroquine; Collagen; Cyc

1973
A heart transplantation. 5. Postoperative medical aspects.
    The Medical journal of Australia, 1969, Mar-29, Volume: 1, Issue:13

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antilymphocyte Serum; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Australia; Azathioprine; Betameth

1969
Rejection of the cardiac transplant.
    The American journal of cardiology, 1969, Volume: 24, Issue:4

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Animals; Arteries; Azathioprine; Chronic Disease; Coronary Vessels; Dogs; Edem

1969
The effect of local graft irradiation on rejection of canine cardiac allografts.
    The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, 1970, Volume: 60, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Azathioprine; Dogs; Edema; Electrocardiography; Heart; Heart Rate; He

1970
Histologic changes associated with rejection of canine lung transplants.
    The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, 1971, Volume: 62, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Dogs; Edema; Graft Rejection; Hemorrhage; Immunosuppression Therapy;

1971
[Cytostatic antiphlogistics. II. Antimicrobial activity range and comparison in the Oedipus test].
    Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1970, Volume: 20, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agen

1970
The influence of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant drugs on Nystatin induced oedema.
    Pharmacology, 1971, Volume: 5, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Arthritis; Aspirin; Azathioprine; Ch

1971
Management of the nephrotic syndrome in children.
    South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 1970, Nov-21, Volume: 44, Issue:46

    Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclophosphamide; Diuretics; Edema; Female; Humans; Infant; M

1970