betaine has been researched along with urea in 98 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 11 (11.22) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 22 (22.45) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 27 (27.55) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 32 (32.65) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 6 (6.12) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Barnes, JC; Bradley, P; Day, NC; Fourches, D; Reed, JZ; Tropsha, A | 1 |
| Håkansson, A; Svensson, E; Wiborgh, B | 1 |
| Musich, JA; Rapoport, H | 1 |
| Cardoso, CM; Chini, EN; de Faria, FO; de Meis, L | 1 |
| Bateman, JB; Brown, PR; Evans, GF; Gabriel, C; Grant, EH | 1 |
| Burg, MB; Garcia-Perez, A | 1 |
| Burg, MB; Garcia-Perez, A; Moriyama, T | 1 |
| Burg, MB; Yancey, PH | 1 |
| Cattò, N; Gianazza, E; Rabilloud, T; Righetti, PG | 1 |
| Balaban, RS; James, SL; Stanton, TS; Wolff, SD | 1 |
| Beverley, DW; Wheeler, D | 1 |
| Chambers, S; Kunin, CM | 1 |
| Ackermann, WW; Fujioka, R; Kurtz, H | 1 |
| Asafov, GB; Ekisenina, NI; Ivanova, LM; Lumel'skiĭ, VIa; Smagin, VG | 1 |
| Fuller, HL; Keshavarz, K | 1 |
| Shapshak, P | 1 |
| Cheymol, J; Dechezlepretre, S; Portet, R | 1 |
| Auböck, L; Bayer, U; Kerl, H | 1 |
| Burg, MB | 1 |
| Wilkie, DR; Wray, S | 1 |
| Castro Júnior, EJ; Coelho-Sampaio, T; Ferreira, ST; Vieyra, A | 1 |
| Nakahama, H; Nakanishi, T; Sugita, M; Takamitsu, Y; Uyama, O | 1 |
| Chambers, ST; Peddie, BA | 1 |
| Guppy, M; Withers, PC | 1 |
| Anderson, CF; Bond, JP; Capp, MW; Record, MT; Zhang, W | 1 |
| Burg, MB; García-Pérez, A; Jung, KY; Kwon, ED; Peters, EM; Zablocki, K | 1 |
| Nakanishi, T; Takamitsu, Y | 1 |
| Burg, MB; Kwon, ED; Peters, EM | 1 |
| Beck, F; Burger-Kentischer, A; Fraek, ML; Müller, E; Neuhofer, W; Thurau, K | 1 |
| Burg, MB; Peters, EM | 2 |
| Beck, FX; Guder, WG; Schmolke, M | 1 |
| Chambers, ST; Lever, M; Peddie, BA; Randall, K | 2 |
| Beck, FX; Dörge, A; Fraek, ML; Müller, E; Thurau, K | 1 |
| Cape, SP; Carpenter, JF; Chi, E; Kim, YS; Manning, MC; Raffen, R; Randolph, TW; Solomon, A; Stevens, FJ; Wilkins-Stevens, P | 1 |
| Diamant, S; Eliahu, N; Goloubinoff, P; Rosenthal, D | 1 |
| Galinski, EA; Lever, M; Randall, K | 1 |
| Bäcker, A; Bokemeyer, D; Hashemi, T; Kramer, HJ | 1 |
| Fogel, JM; Moeckel, GW; Sadrzadeh, SM; Shadman, R | 1 |
| Ortiz-Costa, S; Sola-Penna, M; Sorenson, MM | 2 |
| Chambers, ST; de Zwart, F; Happer, DA; Lever, M; Peddie, BA; Wood, JE | 1 |
| Banerjee, R; Bhattacharyya, A; Lahiri, S; Mandal, AK; Roy, S; Samaddar, S | 1 |
| Felitsky, DJ; Record, MT | 1 |
| Anderson, CF; Anderson, MW; Capp, MW; Felitsky, DJ; Hong, J; Record, MT; Saecker, RM | 1 |
| Narikiyo, T; Schrier, RW; Umenishi, F; Yoshihara, S | 1 |
| Bedford, JJ; Leader, JP; Samuelsson, LM; Smith, RA | 1 |
| Capp, MW; Hong, J; Record, MT; Saecker, RM | 1 |
| Capp, MW; Davis, CA; Kontur, WS; Record, MT; Saecker, RM | 1 |
| Andersen, B; Champlin, SM; Clark, CA; Nordstrom, LJ; Schwinefus, JJ | 1 |
| Brauers, G; Garrow, TA; Gehrmann, T; Häussinger, D; Heldt, K; Hoffmann, L; Lornejad-Schäfer, MR; Mayatepek, E; Schäfer, C; Schliess, F; Schwahn, BC | 1 |
| Decaux, G; Schroëder, B; Soupart, A | 1 |
| Draper, DE; Lambert, D | 1 |
| Olsen, SN; Ramløv, H; Westh, P | 1 |
| Dorn, KN; Kuprian, MJ; Lamppa, JW; Merker, WE; Muth, GW; Schwinefus, JJ | 1 |
| Hayashi, Y; Katsumoto, Y; Omori, S; Oshige, I; Yasuda, A | 1 |
| Cordwell, SJ | 1 |
| Rau, DC; Stanley, C | 1 |
| Chow, SC; Tse, WK; Wong, CK | 1 |
| Kwon, HM; Kwon, MS; Lee, SD; Moeckel, G; Na, KY | 1 |
| Agard, DA; Bolen, DW; Krukenberg, KA; Rosgen, J; Street, TO | 1 |
| Cui, Q; Ma, L; Pegram, L; Record, MT | 1 |
| Francescato, P; Pieraccini, S; Recca, T; Rendine, S; Saladino, G; Sironi, M; Speranza, G | 1 |
| Auton, M; Bolen, DW; Holthauzen, LM; Rösgen, J; Sinev, M | 1 |
| Capp, MW; Guinn, EJ; Pegram, LM; Pollock, MN; Record, MT | 1 |
| Aguilera, JF; Fernández-Fígares, I; González-Valero, L; Lachica, M; Martín, A; Nieto, R; Rodríguez-López, JM | 1 |
| Erwin, N; Estel, K; Seeliger, J; Winter, R | 1 |
| Crommen, J; Guo, J; Hong, J; Jiang, Z; Liu, Z; Peng, Y; Smith, NW; Xiao, Y; Yuan, G | 1 |
| Capp, MW; Diehl, RC; Guinn, EJ; Record, MT; Tsodikov, OV | 1 |
| Kishore, N; Kumar, N | 2 |
| Myers, JK; Silvers, TR | 1 |
| Burke, T; Coumoundouros, C; Culham, DE; Deutch, CE; Ellinger, J; Kerr, CH; Murdock, L; Plater, SM; To, E; Wood, JM; Wright, G | 1 |
| Jain, R; Kumar, R; Kumar, S; Sharma, D | 1 |
| Catto, W; Kurepin, LV; Pharis, RP; Zaman, M | 1 |
| Chalikian, TV | 1 |
| Dixit, MK; Siddique, AA; Tembe, BL | 1 |
| Garringer, M; Qasim, MA | 1 |
| Astrup, A; Carayol, J; Charon, C; Fazelzadeh, P; Hager, J; Lefebvre, G; Matone, A; Morine, M; Saris, WH; Scott-Boyer, MP; Valsesia, A; Vervoort, J | 1 |
| Adamczak, B; Czub, J; Kogut, M; Stangret, J; Wieczór, M | 1 |
| Chen, J; Gong, X; Wang, Y; Zeng, C; Zhang, G | 1 |
| Bell, E; Francq, BG; Mactier, R; McConnachie, A; Smith, JR; Zimmer, N | 1 |
| Ahmad, F; Dar, MA; Hassan, MI; Islam, A | 2 |
| Aurich, C; Budik, S; De Oliveira, RA | 1 |
| Makhatadze, GI; Pandharipande, PP; Papini, CM; Royer, CA | 1 |
| Chemmalil, L; Ding, J; Li, Z; Mussa, N; Zhang, X | 1 |
| Geng, Y; Li, H; Lu, Y | 1 |
| Adamczak, B; Czub, J; Kogut, M | 1 |
| Calderón, C; M Munita, J; Martínez, F; Olivares, B; R Campodonico, P; Rivas, L | 1 |
| Dedi, C; Dymond, M; Eardley, J; Hallsworth, JE; Timson, DJ | 1 |
| Herrmann, C; Schnatwinkel, J | 1 |
| Kaur, T; Pathak, D; Sharma, AK; Sharma, S; Singh, AP; Singh, B; Yadav, HN | 1 |
| Bruździak, P; Panuszko, A; Stangret, J; Stasiulewicz, M | 1 |
| Chen, J; Leng, S; Wang, Y; Xie, Z; Xu, L | 1 |
| Adamič, K; Bajrovič, N; Bizjak, M; Dinevski, D; Eržen, R; Jošt, M; Kopač, P; Košnik, M; Lalek, N; Zidarn, M | 1 |
| Dhaouadi, H; Halila, S; Khiari, R; Mauret, E; Mnasri, A | 1 |
5 review(s) available for betaine and urea
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Role of organic osmolytes in adaptation of renal cells to high osmolality.
Topics: Aldehyde Reductase; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Kidney; Sodium Chloride; Sorbitol; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1991 |
Molecular basis of osmotic regulation.
Topics: Aldehyde Reductase; Animals; Betaine; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Gene Expression; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Humans; Inositol; Kidney; Kidney Medulla; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Models, Biological; Models, Structural; Osmolar Concentration; Protein Structure, Secondary; Sodium Chloride; Sorbitol; Taurine; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1995 |
Cellular osmoregulation in kidney medulla.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Betaine; Diuresis; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Heat-Shock Proteins; Humans; Inositol; Kidney Medulla; Mammals; Natriuresis; Osmotic Pressure; Sodium Chloride; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Sorbitol; Stress, Physiological; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1998 |
Sequential extraction of proteins by chemical reagents.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Cholic Acids; Cytoplasm; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Humans; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Membrane Proteins; Myocardium; Solubility; Thiourea; Urea | 2008 |
Enhancing crop yield with the use of N-based fertilizers co-applied with plant hormones or growth regulators.
Topics: Abscisic Acid; Ammonium Compounds; Betaine; Crops, Agricultural; Cytokinins; Ethylenes; Fertilizers; Gibberellins; Indoleacetic Acids; Nitrates; Nitrogen Compounds; Plant Growth Regulators; Polyamines; Urea | 2015 |
3 trial(s) available for betaine and urea
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Impact of dietary betaine and conjugated linoleic acid on insulin sensitivity, protein and fat metabolism of obese pigs.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Betaine; Dietary Proteins; Hormones; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Liver; Obesity; Spain; Sus scrofa; Triglycerides; Urea | 2012 |
Network Analysis of Metabolite GWAS Hits: Implication of CPS1 and the Urea Cycle in Weight Maintenance.
Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Betaine; Caloric Restriction; Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia); Carbamyl Phosphate; Chromosome Mapping; Female; Gene Expression; Gene Regulatory Networks; Genome-Wide Association Study; Glycine; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Metabolome; Mitochondria; Obesity; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Quantitative Trait Loci; Urea; Weight Loss | 2016 |
A Randomized, Single-Blind, Crossover Trial of Recovery Time in High-Flux Hemodialysis and Hemodiafiltration.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; beta 2-Microglobulin; Betaine; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Health Status; Hemodiafiltration; Humans; Hypotension; Interleukin-6; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphates; Potassium; Quality of Life; Recovery of Function; Renal Dialysis; Single-Blind Method; Time Factors; United Kingdom; Urea; Vitamin B 12 | 2017 |
90 other study(ies) available for betaine and urea
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
Topics: Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cluster Analysis; Databases, Factual; Humans; MEDLINE; Mice; Models, Chemical; Molecular Conformation; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship | 2010 |
[The treatment of milk crust].
Topics: Betaine; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Drug Combinations; Humans; Infant; Lactates; Urea | 1975 |
Reaction of O-methyl-N,N'-diisopropylisourea with amino acids and amines.
Topics: Amines; Amino Acids; Betaine; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Methylation; Urea | 1977 |
The enhancement of Ca2+ efflux from sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles by urea.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Animals; Betaine; Calcium; Kinetics; Magnesium; Muscles; Oxalates; Oxalic Acid; Phosphates; Polyamines; Potassium; Rabbits; Ruthenium Red; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum; Urea | 1992 |
Dielectric properties of the system bovine albumin: urea: betaine in aqueous solution.
Topics: Betaine; Drug Antagonism; Drug Synergism; Electric Conductivity; Protein Conformation; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Solutions; Urea; Water | 1992 |
Factors affecting the ratio of different organic osmolytes in renal medullary cells.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Cell Line; Culture Media; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Hypertonic Solutions; Inositol; Kidney Medulla; Osmolar Concentration; Sodium Chloride; Sorbitol; Urea | 1990 |
Counteracting effects of urea and betaine in mammalian cells in culture.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Cell Division; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Colony-Forming Units Assay; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergism; Sodium Chloride; Stem Cells; Urea | 1990 |
Amidosulfobetaines, a family of detergents with improved solubilization properties: application for isoelectric focusing under denaturing conditions.
Topics: Amides; Animals; Betaine; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cholic Acids; Detergents; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; Erythrocyte Membrane; Isoelectric Focusing; Protein Denaturation; Rats; Solubility; Surface-Active Agents; Urea | 1990 |
Acute regulation of the predominant organic solutes of the rabbit renal inner medulla.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Diuresis; Furosemide; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Homeostasis; Inositol; Kidney Medulla; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mannitol; Phosphorus; Rabbits; Sodium; Sorbitol; Urea; Vasopressins | 1989 |
High plasma urea concentrations in collodion babies.
Topics: Betaine; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Ichthyosis; Infant, Newborn; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Skin Absorption; Syndrome; Urea | 1986 |
The osmoprotective properties of urine for bacteria: the protective effect of betaine and human urine against low pH and high concentrations of electrolytes, sugars, and urea.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Betaine; Carbohydrates; Choline; Culture Media; Electrolytes; Enterobacter; Escherichia coli; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Klebsiella; Lactams; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Serratia; Sodium Chloride; Urea; Urine | 1985 |
Effects of cations and organic compounds on inactivation of poliovirus with urea, guanidine, and heat.
Topics: Betaine; Chlorides; Choline; Culture Techniques; Guanidines; HeLa Cells; Hot Temperature; Methionine; Methods; Poliovirus; Urea | 1969 |
[Amino acid levels in the blood serum of patients with chronic colitis].
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Betaine; Chronic Disease; Citrulline; Colitis; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Histidine; Humans; Middle Aged; Ornithine; Phenylalanine; Proline; Serine; Taurine; Threonine; Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Urea | 1974 |
Relationship of arginine and methionine to creatine formation in chicks.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Arginine; Betaine; Body Weight; Chickens; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Creatine; Cystine; Deficiency Diseases; Depression, Chemical; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Glycine; Glycine max; Guanidines; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Male; Methionine; Muscles; Ornithine; Stimulation, Chemical; Urea; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Zea mays | 1971 |
Detection of several non-protein amino acids in the presence of protein amino acids.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Aminobutyrates; Autoanalysis; Betaine; Chromatography; Homocysteine; Hydroxyproline; Isoleucine; Lysine; Methionine; Phenylalanine; Pimelic Acids; Proteins; Sarcosine; Taurine; Urea | 1971 |
[Comparative toxicity of trimethylamine (TMA), of its oxide trimethylaminoxide (TMAO), and of their combination].
Topics: Acetylcholine; Amines; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Drug Antagonism; Male; Mice; Urea | 1967 |
[Formation and treatment of pathologic scars--clinical and micromorphologic investigations (author's transl)].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Betaine; Child; Cicatrix; Collagen; Drug Combinations; Female; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Keloid; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Urea | 1981 |
The relationship between plasma urea levels and some muscle trimethylamine levels in Xenopus laevis: a 31P and 14N nuclear magnetic resonance study.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Female; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Muscles; Nitrogen Isotopes; Phosphorus Isotopes; Urea; Xenopus laevis | 1995 |
Betaine counteracts urea-induced conformational changes and uncoupling of the human erythrocyte Ca2+ pump.
Topics: Betaine; Calcium; Calcium-Transporting ATPases; Drug Synergism; Erythrocyte Membrane; Humans; Protein Conformation; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Urea | 1994 |
Determinants of relative amounts of medullary organic osmolytes: effects of NaCl and urea differ.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Blood; Body Water; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Inositol; Kidney Medulla; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Sorbitol; Taurine; Urea | 1993 |
Effects of betaines and urine on the antibacterial activity of aminoglycosides.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Betaine; Culture Media; Drug Interactions; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Gentamicins; Glucose Solution, Hypertonic; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Osmolar Concentration; Polymers; Proline; Sodium Chloride; Urea | 1993 |
Do Australian desert frogs co-accumulate counteracting solutes with urea during aestivation?
Topics: Animals; Anura; Australia; Betaine; Body Fluids; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Estivation; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Inositol; Methylamines; Muscles; Osmolar Concentration; Polymers; Sarcosine; Urea | 1996 |
Thermodynamic characterization of interactions of native bovine serum albumin with highly excluded (glycine betaine) and moderately accumulated (urea) solutes by a novel application of vapor pressure osmometry.
Topics: Betaine; Models, Chemical; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Thermodynamics; Urea | 1996 |
Betaine and inositol reduce MDCK cell glycerophosphocholine by stimulating its degradation.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Cell Line; Culture Media; Dogs; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Inositol; Kidney; Phospholipases; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; Sodium Chloride; Urea | 1996 |
Renal concentrating defect and organic osmolytes. Paradoxical changes of renal medullary taurine contents in potassium-depleted rats.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Dehydration; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Inositol; Kidney Medulla; Male; Potassium; Potassium Deficiency; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reference Values; Sodium; Sorbitol; Taurine; Urea | 1996 |
Glycerophosphocholine and betaine counteract the effect of urea on pyruvate kinase.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Inositol; Kidney Medulla; Pyruvate Kinase; Sorbitol; Taurine; Urea | 1996 |
Pretreatment with hypertonic NaCl protects MDCK cells against high urea concentrations.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Cell Division; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Dogs; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Heat-Shock Proteins; HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins; Kidney; Kidney Cortex; Kidney Medulla; Osmolar Concentration; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Urea | 1998 |
Urea and methylamines have similar effects on aldose reductase activity.
Topics: Aldehyde Reductase; Animals; Betaine; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Kidney Medulla; Kinetics; Lens, Crystalline; Methylamines; Rats; Recombinant Proteins; Urea | 1997 |
Effects of glycine betaine and glycerophosphocholine on thermal stability of ribonuclease.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Cattle; Drug Combinations; Drug Stability; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Hot Temperature; Methylamines; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic; Urea | 1998 |
Inhibitors of bacterial growth in urine: what is the role of betaines?
Topics: Bacteria; Betaine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Osmolar Concentration; Urea; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine | 1999 |
Osmoprotective activity, urea protection, and accumulation of hydrophilic betaines in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Topics: Betaine; Escherichia coli; Osmolar Concentration; Sodium Chloride; Staphylococcus aureus; Urea | 1999 |
Inner-medullary organic osmolytes and inorganic electrolytes in K depletion.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Betaine; Chlorides; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electrolytes; Electron Probe Microanalysis; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Inositol; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Kidney Medulla; Kidney Tubules, Collecting; Male; Potassium, Dietary; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium, Dietary; Sorbitol; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2000 |
Counteracting effects of renal solutes on amyloid fibril formation by immunoglobulin light chains.
Topics: Amyloid; Amyloidosis; Betaine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Guanidine; Humans; Immunoglobulin Light Chains; Immunoglobulin Variable Region; Kidney; Kinetics; Lymph Nodes; Sorbitol; Thermodynamics; Urea | 2001 |
Chemical chaperones regulate molecular chaperones in vitro and in cells under combined salt and heat stresses.
Topics: Adaptation, Biological; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Chaperonin 60; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Glycerol; Heat-Shock Proteins; Hot Temperature; HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; Malate Dehydrogenase; Molecular Chaperones; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Salts; Trehalose; Urea; Viscosity | 2001 |
Near infra-red spectra of urea with glycine betaine or trimethylamine N-oxide are additive.
Topics: Betaine; Hydrogen Bonding; Methylamines; Solutions; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Thermodynamics; Urea | 2001 |
Hyperosmolality induced by betaine or urea stimulates endothelin synthesis by differential activation of ERK and p38 MAP kinase in MDCK cells.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Dogs; Endothelin-1; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Extracellular Space; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Osmolar Concentration; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Time Factors; Urea | 2002 |
Organic osmolytes betaine, sorbitol and inositol are potent inhibitors of erythrocyte membrane ATPases.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Betaine; Enzyme Inhibitors; Erythrocyte Membrane; Inositol; Osmolar Concentration; Sorbitol; Urea | 2002 |
Counteracting effects of urea and methylamines in function and structure of skeletal muscle myosin.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Betaine; Fluorescence; Methylamines; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Skeletal Muscle Myosins; Urea | 2002 |
Assessment of antimicrobial activity of hydrophilic betaines in osmotically stressed bacteria.
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Betaine; Cell Line; Dogs; Escherichia coli; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Staphylococcus aureus; Urea | 2003 |
Glutamate counteracts the denaturing effect of urea through its effect on the denatured state.
Topics: Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases; Animals; Betaine; Carbonic Anhydrases; Cattle; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Escherichia coli; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Inositol; Kinetics; Methylamines; Oxidants; Potassium Chloride; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Sorbitol; Spectrophotometry; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Time Factors; Trypsin; Tubulin; Urea | 2003 |
Application of the local-bulk partitioning and competitive binding models to interpret preferential interactions of glycine betaine and urea with protein surface.
Topics: Betaine; Binding, Competitive; Models, Chemical; Protein Binding; Proteins; Solutions; Solvents; Thermodynamics; Urea | 2004 |
Preferential interactions of glycine betaine and of urea with DNA: implications for DNA hydration and for effects of these solutes on DNA stability.
Topics: Betaine; DNA; Indicators and Reagents; Models, Chemical; Nucleic Acid Denaturation; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium Chloride; Protein Structure, Secondary; Sodium Chloride; Solutions; Solvents; Surface Properties; Urea; Water | 2004 |
Modulation of hypertonicity-induced aquaporin-1 by sodium chloride, urea, betaine, and heat shock in murine renal medullary cells.
Topics: Animals; Aquaporin 1; Aquaporins; Betaine; Cell Line; Gastrointestinal Agents; Heat-Shock Response; Isotonic Solutions; Kidney Medulla; Mice; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Sodium Chloride; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2005 |
A comparison of the counteracting effects of glycine betaine and TMAO on the activity of RNase A in aqueous urea solution.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Catalysis; Cattle; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Methylamines; Molecular Structure; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic; RNA; Solutions; Urea | 2005 |
Use of urea and glycine betaine to quantify coupled folding and probe the burial of DNA phosphates in lac repressor-lac operator binding.
Topics: Algorithms; Amides; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; DNA; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Lac Operon; Lac Repressors; Models, Molecular; Operator Regions, Genetic; Osmolar Concentration; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Repressor Proteins; Surface Properties; Thermodynamics; Urea; Water | 2005 |
Solute probes of conformational changes in open complex (RPo) formation by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase at the lambdaPR promoter: evidence for unmasking of the active site in the isomerization step and for large-scale coupled folding in the subsequent
Topics: Bacteriophage lambda; Betaine; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Conformation; Sigma Factor; Urea | 2006 |
Effect of ethylene glycol, urea, and N-methylated glycines on DNA thermal stability: the role of DNA base pair composition and hydration.
Topics: Animals; Base Composition; Base Pairing; Betaine; Cattle; DNA; DNA, Single-Stranded; Ethylene Glycol; Glycine; Methylation; Nucleic Acid Denaturation; Sarcosine; Transition Temperature; Urea | 2006 |
Osmotic regulation of betaine homocysteine-S-methyltransferase expression in H4IIE rat hepatoma cells.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Size; Cyclic Nucleotide-Regulated Protein Kinases; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Liver Neoplasms; Osmolar Concentration; Osmosis; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Raffinose; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Sarcosine; Signal Transduction; Time Factors; Transcription, Genetic; Transfection; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2007 |
Treatment of hyponatraemia by urea decreases risks of brain complications in rats. Brain osmolyte contents analysis.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Body Water; Brain; Brain Diseases; Demyelinating Diseases; Electrolytes; Hyponatremia; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium; Urea | 2007 |
Effects of osmolytes on RNA secondary and tertiary structure stabilities and RNA-Mg2+ interactions.
Topics: Base Sequence; Betaine; Cations, Divalent; Ethylene Glycol; Magnesium; Methanol; Methylamines; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; RNA; RNA Stability; Sucrose; Sugar Alcohols; Thermodynamics; Urea | 2007 |
Effects of osmolytes on hexokinase kinetics combined with macromolecular crowding: test of the osmolyte compatibility hypothesis towards crowded systems.
Topics: Betaine; Buffers; Catalysis; Fungal Proteins; Glycerol; Hexokinase; Kinetics; Methylamines; Models, Chemical; Osmotic Pressure; Protein Binding; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Sodium Chloride; Urea; Water | 2007 |
Human telomerase RNA pseudoknot and hairpin thermal stability with glycine betaine and urea: preferential interactions with RNA secondary and tertiary structures.
Topics: Base Sequence; Betaine; Hot Temperature; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Conformation; RNA; RNA Stability; Sodium Chloride; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Surface Properties; Telomerase; Thermodynamics; Transition Temperature; Urea; Water | 2007 |
Comparative study of urea and betaine solutions by dielectric spectroscopy: liquid structures of a protein denaturant and stabilizer.
Topics: Betaine; Electrochemistry; Protein Denaturation; Solutions; Spectrum Analysis; Urea | 2007 |
Betaine protects urea-induced denaturation of myosin subfragment-1.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Catalysis; Catalytic Domain; Chickens; Light; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Myosin Subfragments; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Scattering, Radiation; Urea | 2008 |
Measuring the interaction of urea and protein-stabilizing osmolytes with the nonpolar surface of hydroxypropylcellulose.
Topics: Algorithms; Betaine; Cellulose; Glycerol; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Methylamines; Models, Chemical; Organic Chemicals; Osmotic Pressure; Proteins; Scattering, Radiation; Sorbitol; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Urea; X-Rays | 2008 |
The cloning of eel osmotic stress transcription factor and the regulation of its expression in primary gill cell culture.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Betaine; Cells, Cultured; Cloning, Molecular; Colchicine; DNA Primers; Eels; Gene Expression Regulation; Gills; Molecular Sequence Data; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology; Sodium Chloride; Species Specificity; Transcription Factors; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2008 |
Urea promotes TonEBP expression and cellular adaptation in extreme hypertonicity.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Betaine; Blotting, Northern; Blotting, Western; Cell Line; Dogs; Epithelial Cells; Heat-Shock Proteins; Hypertonic Solutions; Hypotonic Solutions; Immunohistochemistry; Kidney Medulla; NFATC Transcription Factors; Osmolar Concentration; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2009 |
Osmolyte-induced conformational changes in the Hsp90 molecular chaperone.
Topics: Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate; Betaine; Escherichia coli Proteins; Glycerol; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; Methylamines; Models, Molecular; Osmosis; Protein Conformation; Sarcosine; Scattering, Small Angle; Urea; X-Ray Diffraction | 2010 |
Preferential interactions between small solutes and the protein backbone: a computational analysis.
Topics: Betaine; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Oligopeptides; Propane; Protein Conformation; Protein Stability; Solutions; Thermodynamics; Urea; Water | 2010 |
Metadynamics study of a β-hairpin stability in mixed solvents.
Topics: Betaine; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Peptides; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Protein Stability; Protein Structure, Secondary; Solvents; Thermodynamics; Urea | 2011 |
Osmolyte effects on protein stability and solubility: a balancing act between backbone and side-chains.
Topics: Betaine; Glycerol; Models, Biological; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Protein Stability; Proteins; Solubility; Urea | 2011 |
Quantifying why urea is a protein denaturant, whereas glycine betaine is a protein stabilizer.
Topics: Betaine; Binding Sites; Hydrogen Bonding; Models, Chemical; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Protein Stability; Proteins; Urea | 2011 |
Cosolvent effects on the fibrillation reaction of human IAPP.
Topics: Amyloid; Betaine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; Methylamines; Protein Stability; Protein Structure, Secondary; Urea | 2013 |
A facile and efficient strategy to enhance hydrophilicity of zwitterionic sulfoalkylbetaine type monoliths.
Topics: Acetonitriles; Acrylamides; Allantoin; Betaine; Chromatography, Liquid; Formates; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Models, Chemical; Peptides; Phenols; Polymerization; Static Electricity; Structure-Activity Relationship; Urea | 2013 |
Quantifying additive interactions of the osmolyte proline with individual functional groups of proteins: comparisons with urea and glycine betaine, interpretation of m-values.
Topics: Betaine; Models, Chemical; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Solubility; Urea | 2013 |
Synergistic behavior of glycine betaine-urea mixture: a molecular dynamics study.
Topics: Betaine; Hydrogen Bonding; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Protein Denaturation; Proteins; Solvents; Urea | 2013 |
Osmolyte effects on the self-association of concanavalin A: testing theoretical models.
Topics: Betaine; Circular Dichroism; Concanavalin A; Dimerization; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Indicators and Reagents; Methylamines; Models, Molecular; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; Protein Stability; Sarcosine; Secondary Metabolism; Sorbitol; Sucrose; Thermodynamics; Titrimetry; Trehalose; Urea | 2013 |
Protein stabilization and counteraction of denaturing effect of urea by glycine betaine.
Topics: Betaine; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Peptide Fragments; Protein Denaturation; Protein Stability; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic; Urea | 2014 |
Analysis of strains lacking known osmolyte accumulation mechanisms reveals contributions of osmolytes and transporters to protection against abiotic stress.
Topics: Betaine; Culture Media; Escherichia coli; Methylamines; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; Sodium Chloride; Stress, Physiological; Sulfonium Compounds; Temperature; Urea | 2014 |
Factor defining the effects of glycine betaine on the thermodynamic stability and internal dynamics of horse cytochrome C.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Circular Dichroism; Cytochromes c; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Models, Molecular; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Thermodynamics; Urea | 2014 |
Effect of cosolvent on protein stability: a theoretical investigation.
Topics: Algorithms; Betaine; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Protein Stability; Proteins; Solvents; Thermodynamics; Urea; Water | 2014 |
Salting-Out of Methane in the Aqueous Solutions of Urea and Glycine-Betaine.
Topics: Betaine; Glycine; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Methane; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Sodium Chloride; Solvents; Urea; Water | 2015 |
Effect of Osmolytes and Guanidinium Chloride on the Enzymatic Properties of Bovine α-Chymotrypsin.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Biocatalysis; Catalytic Domain; Cattle; Chymotrypsin; Guanidine; Kinetics; Methylamines; Peptides; Urea | 2016 |
Molecular basis of the osmolyte effect on protein stability: a lesson from the mechanical unfolding of lysozyme.
Topics: Betaine; Hydrogen Bonding; Muramidase; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Protein Stability; Solvents; Urea | 2016 |
Mechanical Insight into Resistance of Betaine to Urea-Induced Protein Denaturation.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Chickens; Egg White; Muramidase; Protein Denaturation; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Urea | 2016 |
Effect of mammalian kidney osmolytes on the folding pathway of sheep serum albumin.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Guanidine; Inositol; Kidney; Osmosis; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Protein Stability; Serum Albumin; Sheep; Sorbitol; Thermodynamics; Urea | 2017 |
Influence of partial or total replacement of glycerol by alternative cryoprotectants in Ghent freezing extender on post-thaw sperm quality in stallions.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Chromatin; Cryopreservation; Cryoprotective Agents; Freezing; Glucose; Glycerol; Horses; Male; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Proline; Semen Analysis; Semen Preservation; Sperm Motility; Trehalose; Urea | 2017 |
Putting the Piezolyte Hypothesis under Pressure.
Topics: Betaine; Calorimetry; Glutamic Acid; Hydrostatic Pressure; Models, Theoretical; Muramidase; Protein Stability; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic; Sarcosine; Solutions; Temperature; Urea | 2017 |
Imaged capillary isoelectric focusing in native condition: A novel and successful example.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Betaine; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Glycerol; Isoelectric Focusing; Protein Denaturation; Taurine; Urea | 2017 |
Counteraction of the deleterious effects of urea on structure and stability of mammalian kidney proteins by osmolytes.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Guanidine; Inositol; Kidney; Mammals; Osmolar Concentration; Protein Stability; Proteins; Sheep; Sorbitol; Urea | 2018 |
Analysis of the Effects of δ-Tocopherol on RAW264.7 and K562 Cells Based on
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Humans; K562 Cells; Lactic Acid; Macrophages; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolomics; Mice; Protein Biosynthesis; Proteins; RAW 264.7 Cells; Tocopherols; Urea | 2018 |
Effect of osmolytes on the thermal stability of proteins: replica exchange simulations of Trp-cage in urea and betaine solutions.
Topics: Betaine; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Peptides; Protein Denaturation; Protein Stability; Protein Unfolding; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Urea; Water | 2018 |
A Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent Formulated to Stabilize β-Lactam Antibiotics.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactams; Betaine; Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Clavulanic Acid; Escherichia coli; Imipenem; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Solvents; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Urea; Vibration; Water | 2018 |
Evidence for chaotropicity/kosmotropicity offset in a yeast growth model.
Topics: Ammonium Sulfate; Betaine; Biofuels; Culture Media; Entropy; Ethanol; Fermentation; Glycerol; Models, Biological; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Urea | 2019 |
The interaction strength of an intrinsically disordered protein domain with its binding partner is little affected by very different cosolutes.
Topics: Betaine; CREB-Binding Protein; Entropy; Glycine; Humans; Intrinsically Disordered Proteins; Kinetics; Methylamines; Protein Binding; Protein Domains; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb; Temperature; Urea | 2020 |
Betaine attenuates sodium arsenite-induced renal dysfunction in rats.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Arsenic; Arsenites; Betaine; Creatinine; Glutathione; Hydroxyproline; Kidney Diseases; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Oxidative Stress; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sodium; Superoxides; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Urea; Uric Acid | 2022 |
Mechanism of Osmolyte Stabilization-Destabilization of Proteins: Experimental Evidence.
Topics: Betaine; Protein Denaturation; Proteins; Thermodynamics; Urea; Water | 2022 |
Excellent performance separation of trypsin by novel ternary magnetic composite adsorbent based on betaine-urea- glycerol natural deep eutectic solvent modified MnFe
Topics: Adsorption; Animals; Betaine; Cattle; Deep Eutectic Solvents; Glycerol; Indicators and Reagents; Magnetic Phenomena; Nanotubes, Carbon; Protein Structure, Secondary; Solvents; Trypsin; Urea | 2022 |
Patch testing with the European baseline series and 10 added allergens: Single-centre study of 748 patients.
Topics: Adult; Allergens; Betaine; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dexamethasone; Humans; Nitroparaffins; Patch Tests; Phosphates; Propane; Propylene Glycols; Retrospective Studies; Thimerosal; Urea | 2022 |
Acidic and alkaline deep eutectic solvents pre-treatment to produce high aspect ratio microfibrillated cellulose.
Topics: Betaine; Cellulose; Choline; Deep Eutectic Solvents; Solvents; Urea | 2023 |