Page last updated: 2024-09-05

atropine and soman

atropine has been researched along with soman in 197 studies

Compound Research Comparison

Studies
(atropine)
Trials
(atropine)
Recent Studies (post-2010)
(atropine)
Studies
(soman)
Trials
(soman)
Recent Studies (post-2010) (soman)
26,7111,2591,6971,3914257

Research

Studies (197)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199070 (35.53)18.7374
1990's67 (34.01)18.2507
2000's33 (16.75)29.6817
2010's25 (12.69)24.3611
2020's2 (1.02)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Dirnhuber, P; French, MC; Green, DM; Leadbeater, L; Stratton, JA1
Dola, TJ; Lipp, JA1
Gordon, JJ; Leadbeater, L1
Hauser, W; Weger, N1
Bosković, B1
Harris, LW; Heyl, WC; Moore, RD; Stitcher, DL1
Kepner, LA; Wolthuis, OL2
Alter, SC; Harris, LW; Heyl, WC; Stitcher, DL1
Clason-van der Wiel, HJ; Nickolson, VJ; Wolthuis, OL1
Lipp, JA1
Clason-Van Der Wiel, HJ; Visser, R; Wolthuis, OL1
Löffler, W; Schenk, J; Weger, N1
Johnson, DD; Wilcox, WC1
Blanchet, G; Collet, A; Denoyer, M; Lallement, G; Pernot-Marino, I; Séréno, D1
Dettbarn, WD; Gupta, RC1
Karlsson, N; Larsson, R; Puu, G1
Blanchet, G; Bodjarian, N; Carpentier, P; Lallement, G; Tarricone, A1
de Groot, DM; Melchers, BP; Philippens, IH; Wolthuis, OL1
Anderson, DR; Bowersox, SL; Harris, LW; Lennox, WJ; Pastelak, AM; Vanderpool, BA1
Holmstedt, B; Karlén, B; Kimland, M; Nordgren, I; Palmér, L1
Busker, RW; de Lange, J; Melchers, BP; van der Wiel, HJ; van Helden, HP; Wolthuis, OL1
Fiekers, JF; Heppner, TJ2
Capacio, BR; Koviak, TA; Shih, TM1
Dettbarn, WD; Gupta, RC; McLean, MJ; Wamil, AW1
Adams, NL; Groff, WA; Vick, JA; von Bredow, JD1
Bajgar, J; Fusek, J; Jakl, A; Patocka, J1
Goldstein, BD1
Shih, TM2
Mays, MZ; Murrow, ML; Romano, JA; Terry, MR1
Anderson, DR; Harris, LW; Lennox, WJ; Solana, RP; Talbot, BG1
Shih, T; Valdes, JJ; Whalley, CE1
Bonds, AB; Corbett, GK; DeBruyn, EJ1
Culp, DJ; Marin, MG; McBride, RK; Stone, KK; Zwierzynski, DJ1
Brecht, KM; Maxwell, DM1
Kumamoto, E; Shinnick-Gallagher, P1
Anzueto, A; deLemos, RA; Hamil, H; Jenkinson, SG; Johnson, D; Moore, G; Seidenfeld, J1
Koplovitz, I; Maxwell, DM1
Bataillard, A; Blanchet, G; Sannajust, F; Sassard, J; Sentenac-Roumanou, H; Yoccoz, D1
Broxup, BR; Hamilton, MG; Hand, BT; Lundy, PM; Yipchuck, G1
Bosković, B; Krtolica, K; Marinković, S; Poznanović, G; Sevaljević, L1
Culp, DJ; Marin, MG; McBride, RK; Zwierzynski, D1
Clement, JG; Dyck, WR1
Crowley, RA; Jaax, NK; Mays, MZ; McDonough, JH; Modrow, HE1
Aronstam, RS; Buccafusco, JJ2
Nelson, SR; Pazdernik, TL; Samson, FE; Savolainen, KM1
van der Wiel, HJ; Van Helden, HP; Wolthuis, OL2
Arbogast, H; Auburger, G; Hallek, M; Reithmann, C; Szinicz, L1
Doukas, PH; O'Neill, JJ; Sheldon, RJ; Sterling, GH1
Benschop, HP; De Bisschop, HC; Johnson, MK; Read, DJ; Willems, JL1
Davis, LH; Kauffman, FC; Viana, GB1
Aronstam, RS; Buccafusco, JJ; Graham, JH1
Churchill, L; Cross, R; Giesler, M; Nelson, SR; Pazdernik, TL; Samson, FE1
Churchill, L; Cross, RS; Giesler, MP; Nelson, SR; Pazdernik, TL; Samson, FE1
De Jong, LP; Elskamp, RM; Van Dongen, CJ1
Benschop, HP; Bijleveld, EC; De Jong, LP; Van der Wiel, HJ; Van Helden, HP1
Cohen, Y; Coudray-Lucas, C; Le Guen, A; Prioux-Guyonneau, M; Wepierre, J1
Fernando, JC; Ho, IK; Hoskins, B1
McDonough, JH; Modrow, HE1
Bonds, AB; DeBruyn, EJ; Gajewski, YA1
Anderson, DR; Harris, LW; Lennox, WJ; Talbot, BG1
Berman, HA; Edery, H1
Kuhnen, H; Schoene, K; Schrichten, A1
Inns, RH; Leadbeater, L; Rylands, JM1
Carchman, RA; Carter, WH; Jones, DE2
Booth, RA; Jenden, DJ; Overstreet, DH; Rice, KM; Russell, RW1
Johnson, DD; Lowndes, HE1
Heath, C; Preston, E2
Sakai, Y; Schmidt, G1
Sidell, FR1
Anthony, A; Doebler, JA; Martin, LJ; Shih, TM; Wall, TJ1
Inns, RH; Leadbeater, L1
Benschop, HP; Van Helden, HP; Wolthuis, OL1
Anthony, A; Bocan, TM; Doebler, JA; Moore, RA; Shih, TM1
Tian, WH; Wei, NS; Yang, GF1
Adams, N; Broomfield, C; Harris, L; Stitcher, D1
Harris, LW; Lennox, WJ; McDonough, JH; Stitcher, DL1
Cross, R; McDonough, J; Nelson, S; Pazdernik, TL; Samson, F1
Clement, JG; Copeman, HT1
Bosković, B; Jovanović, D; Kovacević, V1
Cross, RS; Giesler, MP; McDonough, JH; Mewes, K; Nelson, SR; Pazdernik, TL; Samson, FE1
Dettbarn, WD1
Lundy, PM; Shih, TM1
Clement, JG; Filbert, M1
Harris, LW; Hey, WC; Stitcher, DL1
Clement, JG; Lockwood, PA1
Schoene, K1
Harris, LW; Heyl, WC; Stitcher, DL2
Dola, T; Lipp, J1
Dochterman, LW; McDonough, JH; Shih, TM; Smith, CD1
Blanchet, G; Bodjarian, N; Carpentier, P; Denoyer, M; Foquin-Tarricone, A; Kamenka, JM; Lallement, G; Lerner-Natoli, M; Rondouin, G1
Blick, DW; Brown, GC; Hartgraves, SL; Murphy, MR1
Baubichon, D; Blanchet, G; Burckhart, MF; Carpentier, P; Lallement, G; Pernot-Marino, I1
Melchers, BP; Philippens, IH; Wolthuis, OL1
Baubichon, D; Blanchet, G; Carpentier, P; Foquin-Tarricone, A; Lallement, G; Pernot-Marino, I; Piras, A2
Lau, WM1
Benschop, HP; Due, AH; Langenberg, JP; Trap, HC1
Baubichon, D; Blanchet, G; Bodjarian, N; Carpentier, P; Lallement, G1
Clement, JG2
Kok, A1
Koplovitz, I; Stewart, JR1
Nickell, WT; Shipley, MT1
Szinicz, L; Worek, F1
Sket, D1
Beers, ET; Brennecke, LH; Sparenborg, S1
McDonough, JH; Shih, TM2
Ivanović-Matić, S; Poznanović, G1
Cassel, G; Göransson-Nyberg, A; Jeneskog, T; Karlsson, L; Larsson, R; Lundström, M; Persson, SA1
Dowling, MH; Paddle, BM1
Busker, RW; Groen, B; Melchers, BP; Philippens, IH; Zijlstra, JJ1
Kassa, J6
Baubichon, D; Blanchet, G; Brochier, G; Clarencon, D; Galonnier, M; Lallement, G; Mestries, JC1
Kassa, J; Vachek, J1
Baubichon, D; Burckhart, MF; Clarençon, D; Galonnier, M; Lallement, G; Masqueliez, C; Mestries, JC; Peoc'h, M1
Cassel, G; Tang, HW1
Benschop, HP; De Jong, LP; Langenberg, JP; Spruit, HE; Trap, HC; Van Der Wiel, HJ1
Baubichon, D; Burckhart, MF; Clarençon, D; Galonnier, M; Lallement, G; Peoc'h, M1
Barrès, C; Bataillard, A; Baubichon, D; Julien, C; Lallement, G; Létienne, R1
Baubichon, D; Burckhart, MF; Carpentier, P; Filliat, P; Foquin, A; Lallement, G; Masqueliez, C; Pernot-Marino, I; Perrichon, C1
Hänninen, O; Tuovinen, K1
Bruijnzeel, PL; Groen, B; Melchers, BP; Olivier, B; Philippens, IH; Vanwersch, RA1
Kassa, J; Koupilová, M2
Carpentier, P; de Groot, DM; Foquin, A; Lallement, G; Lerner-Natoli, M; Rondouin, G1
Baubichon, D; Burckhart, MF; Clarençon, D; Galonnier, M; Jourdil, N; Lallement, G; Peoc'h, M; Renault, F1
Fusek, J; Kassa, J1
Bierman, EP; Bruijnzeel, PL; Carpentier, P; de Groot, DM; Kulig, BM; Lallement, G; Melchers, BP; Philippens, IH; van Huygevoort, AH1
Cassel, G; Göransson-Nyberg, A1
Go, ML; Loke, WK; Sim, MK2
Albuquerque, EX; Aracava, Y; Castro, NG; Fawcett, WP; Pereira, EF; Randall, WR; Santos, MD1
Berti, R; Dave, JR; Koplovitz, I; Price, RA; Schultz, SM; Tortella, FC; Velarde, LC; Williams, AJ; Yao, C1
LOOMIS, TA; SALAFSKY, B1
HEILBRONN, E; TOLAGEN, B1
Kassa, J; Krejcová, G; Samnaliev, I1
Clement, RA; Harrison, PK; Tattersall, JE1
Green, AC; Harrison, PK; Scott, IR; Sheridan, RD; Tattersall, JE1
Benjamin, A; McDonough, JH; McMonagle, JD; Rowland, T; Shih, TM1
Newmark, J1
Carpentier, P; Dorandeu, F; Foquin, A; Lallement, G1
Berger, BJ; Davidson, C; Hamilton, MG; Hill, I; Lecavalier, P; Lundy, PM; Vair, C; Weatherby, KL1
Cassel, G; Svensson, I; Waara, L1
Baubichon, D; Bernabé, D; Burckhart, MF; Carpentier, P; Dorandeu, F; Four, E; Lallement, G1
Cho, Y; Choi, EK; Huang, ZZ; Hwang, SY; Kang, JK; Kim, JC; Kim, WS; Kim, YB; Nam, SY; Park, SH; Shin, S1
Aas, P; Enger, S; Myhrer, T2
Bellier, B; Breton, P; Daulon, S; Delamanche, S; Taysse, L1
Adler, M; Albuquerque, EX; Aracava, Y; Fawcett, WP; Hamilton, TA; Kan, RK; Oliveira, M; Pereira, EF; Randall, WR; Romano, JA1
Kellar, KJ1
Armstrong, S; Mumford, H; Price, M; Scott, L; Wetherell, J1
Baille, V; Carpentier, P; Dorandeu, F; Lallement, G; Mikler, J; Sawyer, T; Testylier, G1
Karasova, J; Kassa, J1
Bajgar, J; Jun, D; Kassa, J; Kuca, K1
Hrobak, PK1
Joosen, MJ; Jousma, E; Kuijpers, WC; Lucassen, PJ; Smit, AB; van den Boom, TM; van Helden, HP1
Akkerman, M; Albuquerque, EX; Alkondon, M; Aracava, Y; Merchenthaler, I; Pereira, EF1
Karasova, JZ; Kassa, J; Kuca, K; Musilek, K; Tesarova, S1
Joosen, MJ; Smit, AB; van Helden, HP1
Doctor, BP; Marshall, S; Morthole, V; Nambiar, MP; Oguntayo, S; Perkins, MW; Pierre, Z; Rezk, P; Sciuto, AM; Song, J1
Liu, L; Mikler, J; Stewart, C; Wang, Y; Weiss, T1
Kassa, J; Kuca, K; Pikula, J; Pohanka, M1
Bhattacharya, BK; Kumar, S; RamaRao, G; Waghmare, CK1
Bajgar, J; Kassa, J; Koomlova, M; Musilek, K1
Cho, Y; Ha, YC; Hur, GH; Kim, WS1
Baille, V; Barbier, L; Beaup, C; Carpentier, P; Dhote, F; Dorandeu, F; Foquin, A; Peinnequin, A; Pernot, F; Testylier, G1
Auta, J; Brown, A; Doctor, BP; Guiodotti, A; Jensen, N; Nambiar, MP; Oguntayo, S; Wang, Y; Wei, Y; Wood, E1
Carpentier, P; Dorandeu, F; Fauvelle, F; Foquin, A; Testylier, G1
Doctor, BP; Nambiar, MP; Oguntayo, S; Perkins, MW; Pierre, Z; Sabnekar, P; Sciuto, AM; Song, J; Soojhawon, I1
Apland, JP; Aroniadou-Anderjaska, V; Braga, MF; Figueiredo, TH; Green, CE; Qashu, F; Swezey, R; Yang, C1
Acharya, J; Afley, P; Bhattacharya, BK; RamaRao, G1
Almeida-Suhett, CP; Apland, JP; Aroniadou-Anderjaska, V; Braga, MF; Figueiredo, TH; Miller, SL; Prager, EM1
Barbier, L; Beaup, C; Canini, F; Denis, J; Dorandeu, F; Foquin, A; Giroud, C; Maury, R; Peinnequin, A1
Bird, M; Docx, CJ; Fairhall, SJ; Flint, DP; Green, AC; Poole, SJC; Price, ME; Rice, H; Tattersall, JEH; Timperley, CM; Whiley, L1
Hamelink, J; Joosen, MJA; Klaassen, SD; van den Berg, RM; Vester, SM1
Ćetković, SS; Dobrić, S; Jeremić, D; Škrbić, R; Stojiljković, MP; Vulović, M1
Acharya, J; Dubey, DK; Golime, R; Palit, M1
Bird, M; Green, AC; Kassa, J; Tattersall, JEH; Timperley, CM; Williams, RL1
Cornelissen, AS; Hesseling, P; Joosen, MJA; Klaassen, SD; Lucassen, PJ; Meerhoff, GF; Vester, SM1
Bokonjić, D; Jokanović, M; Kilibarda, V; Škrbić, R; Stojiljković, MP; Vulović, M1
Kassa, J; Zdarova Karasova, J1
Almanza, A; Bryant, E; Carlo, AM; Corson, BE; Gage, M; Kharate, M; Mafuta, C; Massey, N; Meyer, C; Ostrander, M; Rao, NS; Samidurai, M; Showman, L; Thippeswamy, T; Trevino, L; Vasanthi, SS; Wachter, L; Wang, C; Wohlgemuth, M1

Reviews

1 review(s) available for atropine and soman

ArticleYear
Therapy for nerve agent poisoning.
    Archives of neurology, 2004, Volume: 61, Issue:5

    Topics: Antidotes; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Humans; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Neurotoxins; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Sarin; Soman

2004

Trials

1 trial(s) available for atropine and soman

ArticleYear
Soman and sarin: clinical manifestations and treatment of accidental poisoning by organophosphates.
    Clinical toxicology, 1974, Volume: 7, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Antidotes; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Cyanosis; Depression; Electrocardiography; Epistaxis; Humans; Insecticides; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Placebos; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridinium Compounds; Respiration; Sarin; Scopolamine; Soman; Sulfisoxazole; Tachycardia; Time Factors

1974

Other Studies

195 other study(ies) available for atropine and soman

ArticleYear
The protection of primates against soman poisoning by pretreatment with pyridostigmine.
    The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 1979, Volume: 31, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Callitrichinae; Cholinesterases; Female; Haplorhini; Lethal Dose 50; Macaca mulatta; Male; Organophosphate Poisoning; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Soman; Time Factors

1979
Effect of atropine upon the cerebrovascular system during soman-induced respiratory depression.
    Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de therapie, 1978, Volume: 235, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Electroencephalography; Female; Haplorhini; Hemodynamics; Macaca mulatta; Male; Organophosphorus Compounds; Respiratory Insufficiency; Soman; Time Factors

1978
The prophylactic use of l-methyl, 2-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium methanesulfonate (P2S) in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning.
    Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 1977, Volume: 40, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Guinea Pigs; Lethal Dose 50; Mesylates; Organophosphate Poisoning; Pralidoxime Compounds; Rabbits; Sarin; Soman; Time Factors

1977
Therapeutic effects of the bis-pyridinium salts HGG-12, HGG-42, and atropine, benactyzine in organophosphate poisoning of dogs.
    Archives of toxicology. Supplement. = Archiv fur Toxikologie. Supplement, 1979, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Atropine; Benactyzine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Creatine Kinase; Dogs; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pyridinium Compounds; Sarin; Soman

1979
The influence of 2-/o-cresyl/-4 H-1 : 3 : 2-benzodioxa-phosphorin-2-oxide (CBDP) on organophosphate poisoning and its therapy.
    Archives of toxicology, 1979, Jul-11, Volume: 42, Issue:3

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain; Cyclic P-Oxides; Drug Interactions; Liver; Male; Mice; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Sarin; Soman; Structure-Activity Relationship

1979
Effect of atropine and/or physostigmine on cerebral acetylcholine in rats poisoned with soman.
    Life sciences, 1978, Volume: 22, Issue:10

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Drug Interactions; Male; Neostigmine; Organophosphate Poisoning; Physostigmine; Rats; Soman

1978
A comparison of the oximes HS-6 and HI-6 in the therapy of soman intoxication in rodents.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1978, Apr-15, Volume: 48, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Drug Synergism; Female; Male; Mice; Neuromuscular Junction; Organophosphate Poisoning; Oximes; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Respiration; Soman

1978
Successful oxime therapy one hour after soman intoxication in the rat.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1978, Jun-15, Volume: 49, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterases; Diaphragm; Male; Muscle Contraction; Organophosphate Poisoning; Oximes; Phrenic Nerve; Rats; Soman; Time Factors

1978
Effects of pyridostigmine and cholinolytics on cholinesterase and acetylcholine in Soman poisoned rats.
    Drug and chemical toxicology, 1978, Volume: 1, Issue:4

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Benactyzine; Brain; Cholinesterases; Male; Organophosphate Poisoning; Parasympatholytics; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats; Soman; Time Factors

1978
Further studies on the therapy of organophosphorous anti-cholinesterase intoxication with veratrinic compounds; the role of calcium.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1975, Volume: 30, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Anthracenes; Atropine; Calcium; Carboxylic Acids; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Edetic Acid; Male; Muscles; Organophosphate Poisoning; Poisoning; Postmortem Changes; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Respiratory Paralysis; Soman; Veratrine

1975
Effect of atropine upon the cardiovascular system during soman-induced respiratory depression.
    Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de therapie, 1976, Volume: 220, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Clonazepam; Depression, Chemical; Doxapram; Electroencephalography; Female; Haplorhini; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Intracranial Pressure; Isoproterenol; Macaca mulatta; Male; Organophosphorus Compounds; Respiration; Soman

1976
The dependence of the blood level of the oxime HS-6 on the severity of organophosphate poisoning.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1976, Volume: 39, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Rats; Soman

1976
Therapeutic effects of HS-3, HS-6, benactyzine, and atropine in soman poisoning of dogs.
    Archives of toxicology, 1976, Sep-15, Volume: 36, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Atropine; Benactyzine; Creatine Kinase; Dogs; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Kinetics; Male; Organophosphate Poisoning; Poisoning; Pralidoxime Compounds; Soman

1976
Studies on the mechanism of the protective and antidotal actions of diazepam in organophosphate poisoning.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1975, Volume: 34, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Depression, Chemical; Diazepam; Drug Interactions; Heart Rate; Organophosphate Poisoning; Rabbits; Respiration; Soman; Time Factors

1975
Influence of medial septal cholinoceptive cells on c-Fos-like proteins induced by soman.
    Brain research, 1992, Oct-02, Volume: 592, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Behavior, Animal; Histocytochemistry; Injections; Male; Neurons; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Cholinergic; Seizures; Septum Pellucidum; Soman; Tissue Distribution

1992
Potential of memantine, D-tubocurarine, and atropine in preventing acute toxic myopathy induced by organophosphate nerve agents: soman, sarin, tabun and VX.
    Neurotoxicology, 1992,Fall, Volume: 13, Issue:3

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Acute Disease; Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Male; Memantine; Muscular Diseases; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sarin; Soman; Tubocurarine

1992
Protection of guinea pigs against soman poisoning with ferrocene carbamate.
    Archives of toxicology, 1992, Volume: 66, Issue:9

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Cholinesterases; Diazepam; Ferrous Compounds; Guinea Pigs; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Metallocenes; Organometallic Compounds; Oximes; Physostigmine; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman

1992
Effects of paraldehyde on the convulsions induced by administration of soman in rats.
    Fundamental & clinical pharmacology, 1992, Volume: 6, Issue:7

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Male; Paraldehyde; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Soman

1992
Behavioral performance, brain histology, and EEG sequela after immediate combined atropine/diazepam treatment of soman-intoxicated rats.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1992, Volume: 42, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Avoidance Learning; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Diazepam; Electroencephalography; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Seizures; Soman

1992
Acetylcholinesterase inhibition and anti-soman efficacy of homologs of physostigmine.
    Drug and chemical toxicology, 1992, Volume: 15, Issue:2

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Physostigmine; Soman; Structure-Activity Relationship

1992
Intoxications with anticholinesterases: effect of different combinations of antidotes on the dynamics of acetylcholine in mouse brain.
    Pharmacology & toxicology, 1992, Volume: 70, Issue:5 Pt 1

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Male; Mice; Oximes; Poisoning; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman

1992
Therapeutic efficacy of HI-6 in soman-poisoned marmoset monkeys.
    Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 1992, Volume: 115, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Brain; Butyrylcholinesterase; Callithrix; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diaphragm; Diazepam; Enzyme Activation; Oximes; Poisoning; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman

1992
Comparison of atropine pre- and post-treatment in ganglion neurons exposed to soman.
    Brain research bulletin, 1992, Volume: 28, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Ganglia; In Vitro Techniques; Membrane Potentials; Neurons; Rana catesbeiana; Soman

1992
The effects of irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on transmission through sympathetic ganglia of the bullfrog.
    Neuropharmacology, 1991, Volume: 30, Issue:8

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Rana catesbeiana; Sarin; Soman; Synaptic Transmission

1991
Anticonvulsants for poisoning by the organophosphorus compound soman: pharmacological mechanisms.
    Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 1991,Fall, Volume: 15, Issue:3

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anticonvulsants; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Diazepam; Disease Models, Animal; Dizocilpine Maleate; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Male; Oximes; Parasympatholytics; Poisoning; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Seizures; Soman

1991
Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of memantine against seizures produced by soman in the rat.
    Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 1992, Volume: 112, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Male; Memantine; Mice; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Seizures; Soman; Time Factors

1992
Effectiveness of oral pyridostigmine pretreatment and cholinolytic-oxime therapy against soman intoxication in nonhuman primates.
    Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 1991, Volume: 17, Issue:4

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Benactyzine; Drug Combinations; Female; Lethal Dose 50; Macaca mulatta; Male; Parasympatholytics; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Soman; Trimedoxime

1991
Efficacy of various pretreatment and therapy regimens against soman lethality in mice.
    Sbornik vedeckych praci Lekarske fakulty Karlovy university v Hradci Kralove, 1991, Volume: 34, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Diazepam; Female; Male; Mice; Obidoxime Chloride; Poisoning; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Soman; Trihexyphenidyl; Trimedoxime

1991
Effects of acute administration of soman on spinal cord reflexes in the cat.
    Toxicology letters, 1991, Volume: 57, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cats; Electric Stimulation; Female; Male; Mecamylamine; Reflex, Monosynaptic; Soman; Spinal Cord; Spinal Nerve Roots

1991
Cholinergic actions of diazepam and atropine sulfate in soman poisoning.
    Brain research bulletin, 1991, Volume: 26, Issue:4

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Diazepam; Erythrocytes; Male; Motor Activity; Organ Specificity; Parasympathomimetics; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Seizures; Soman

1991
Protection from lethality and behavioral incapacitation resulting from intoxication by soman (pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate) and treatment with atropine sulfate and 2-PAM chloride in the guinea pig, cavia porcellus.
    Drug and chemical toxicology, 1991, Volume: 14, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Avoidance Learning; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Drug Therapy, Combination; Guinea Pigs; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Pralidoxime Compounds; Soman

1991
Physostigmine (alone and together with adjunct) pretreatment against soman, sarin, tabun and VX intoxication.
    Drug and chemical toxicology, 1991, Volume: 14, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Benztropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Female; Guinea Pigs; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Physostigmine; Sarin; Soman; Trihexyphenidyl

1991
A comparison of cholinergic effects of HI-6 and pralidoxime-2-chloride (2-PAM) in soman poisoning.
    Toxicology letters, 1991, Volume: 55, Issue:2

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Cholinesterases; Drug Interactions; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Oximes; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridinium Compounds; Quinuclidinyl Benzilate; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Muscarinic; Soman

1991
Pretreatment with physostigmine, mecamylamine and atropine reduces the impact of soman on the cortical visual evoked potential of the cat.
    Life sciences, 1991, Volume: 48, Issue:13

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cats; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Depression, Chemical; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials, Visual; Mecamylamine; Physostigmine; Soman; Time Factors; Visual Cortex

1991
Variable effects of soman on macromolecular secretion by ferret trachea.
    Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 1991, Volume: 16, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Ferrets; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Organ Culture Techniques; Pralidoxime Compounds; Soman; Sulfates; Sulfur Radioisotopes; Trachea

1991
The role of carboxylesterase in species variation of oxime protection against soman.
    Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 1991,Spring, Volume: 15, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guinea Pigs; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Oximes; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman; Species Specificity

1991
Anticonvulsant effects of diazepam and MK-801 in soman poisoning.
    Epilepsy research, 1990, Volume: 7, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Antidotes; Atropine; Diazepam; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Soman

1990
Action of an irreversible acetylcholine esterase inhibitor, soman, on muscarinic hyperpolarization in cat bladder parasympathetic ganglia.
    British journal of pharmacology, 1990, Volume: 99, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Cats; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Electric Stimulation; Female; Ganglia, Parasympathetic; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscle Contraction; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Receptors, Muscarinic; Receptors, Nicotinic; Soman

1990
Acute inhalation toxicity of soman and sarin in baboons.
    Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 1990, Volume: 14, Issue:4

    Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Airway Resistance; Animals; Apnea; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Diaphragm; Heart Block; Hemodynamics; Hypoxia; Injections, Intravenous; Lung; Neutrophils; Organophosphorus Compounds; Papio; Respiration; Sarin; Soman

1990
Effect of endogenous carboxylesterase on HI-6 protection against soman toxicity.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1990, Volume: 254, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guinea Pigs; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Subcutaneous; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman; Species Specificity

1990
Cardiovascular consequences of organophosphorus poisoning and of antidotes in conscious unrestrained rats.
    Pharmacology & toxicology, 1990, Volume: 67, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antidotes; Atropine; Benzodiazepines; Benzodiazepinones; Blood Pressure; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Male; Organophosphate Poisoning; Paraoxon; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Soman

1990
Distribution of the bispyridinium oxime [14C] HI-6 in male and female rats.
    Archives of toxicology, 1990, Volume: 64, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Autoradiography; Female; Male; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sex Factors; Soman; Tissue Distribution

1990
Soman intoxication-induced increase in the levels of mRNAs coding for acute phase reactants.
    Life sciences, 1987, Aug-03, Volume: 41, Issue:5

    Topics: Acute-Phase Proteins; Acute-Phase Reaction; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Liver; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oximes; Protein Biosynthesis; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Serum Albumin; Soman; Turpentine

1987
Effects of soman and its antidotes on tracheal mucociliary transport of ferrets.
    Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 1989, Volume: 66, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Carbon Dioxide; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Ferrets; Heart Rate; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Mucociliary Clearance; Oxygen; Partial Pressure; Pralidoxime Compounds; Reference Values; Soman; Trachea

1989
Device for quantitating tremor activity in mice: antitremor activity of atropine versus soman- and oxotremorine-induced tremors.
    Journal of pharmacological methods, 1989, Volume: 22, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Isometric Contraction; Male; Mice; Oxotremorine; Seizures; Soman; Transducers; Tremor

1989
Atropine and/or diazepam therapy protects against soman-induced neural and cardiac pathology.
    Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 1989, Volume: 13, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Body Weight; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diazepam; Drug Interactions; Heart Diseases; Male; Motor Activity; Nervous System Diseases; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Soman

1989
Adrenergic agonists protect against soman, an irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.
    Toxicology letters, 1987, Volume: 38, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Injections, Subcutaneous; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Soman; Sympathomimetics

1987
Soman-induced convulsions affect the inositol lipid signaling system: potentiation by lithium; attenuation by atropine and diazepam.
    Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 1988, Volume: 96, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain; Diazepam; Drug Interactions; Lithium; Male; Phosphatidylinositols; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Seizures; Signal Transduction; Soman

1988
Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of the soman-simulator, pinacolyl dimethylphosphinate.
    The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 1986, Volume: 38, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Injections, Intravenous; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Neuromuscular Junction; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Soman; Synaptic Transmission; Time Factors

1986
Retention of soman in rats, guinea-pigs and marmosets: species-dependent effects of the soman simulator, pinacolyl dimethylphosphinate (PDP).
    The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 1988, Volume: 40, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Callitrichinae; Electrophorus; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Muscles; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman; Species Specificity

1988
Studies on the role of central catecholaminergic mechanisms in the antidotal effect of the oxime HI 6 in soman poisoned mice.
    Archives of toxicology, 1988, Volume: 62, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain Chemistry; Catecholamines; Cholinesterases; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Motor Activity; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman

1988
In vivo protection against soman toxicity by known inhibitors of acetylcholine synthesis in vitro.
    Biochemical pharmacology, 1988, Feb-01, Volume: 37, Issue:3

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Pralidoxime Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Soman; Structure-Activity Relationship

1988
High doses of soman protect against organophosphorus-induced delayed polyneuropathy but tabun does not.
    Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 1988, Volume: 92, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Ataxia; Atropine; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Chickens; Diazepam; Drug Interactions; Female; Isoflurophate; Isomerism; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Physostigmine; Soman

1988
Effects of organophosphates and nerve growth factor on muscarinic receptor binding number in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells.
    Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 1988, Volume: 93, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterases; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; N-Methylscopolamine; Nerve Growth Factors; Organophosphorus Compounds; Pheochromocytoma; Phosphorylation; Physostigmine; Rats; Receptors, Muscarinic; Scopolamine Derivatives; Soman; Tumor Cells, Cultured

1988
Behavioral effects of toxic doses of soman, an organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor, in the rat: protection afforded by clonidine.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1988, Volume: 29, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Behavior, Animal; Cholinergic Fibers; Clonidine; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Rats; Soman

1988
Effects of antidotes on soman-induced brain changes.
    Archives of toxicology. Supplement. = Archiv fur Toxikologie. Supplement, 1986, Volume: 9

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Benactyzine; Brain; Diazepam; Glucose; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Seizures; Soman

1986
Cholinergic systems influence local cerebral glucose use in specific anatomical areas: diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate versus soman.
    Neuroscience, 1987, Volume: 20, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Benactyzine; Brain; Cholinergic Fibers; Glucose; Isoflurophate; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Soman; Trimedoxime

1987
Influence of atropine upon reactivation and ageing of rat and human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase inhibited by soman.
    Biochemical pharmacology, 1987, Apr-01, Volume: 36, Issue:7

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Erythrocyte Aging; Erythrocyte Membrane; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Soman

1987
Toxicokinetics of the four stereoisomers of the nerve agent soman in atropinized rats--influence of a soman simulator.
    Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 1987, Sep-30, Volume: 90, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Half-Life; Hematocrit; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Soman; Stereoisomerism

1987
Changes in brain monoamine content and metabolism induced by paraoxon and soman intoxication. Effect of atropine.
    Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems, 1987, Volume: 17, Issue:9

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Behavior, Animal; Biogenic Amines; Brain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Male; Paraoxon; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Soman

1987
Hypersensitivity to antimuscarinic agents following brief exposure to Soman and Sarin.
    Journal of toxicology and environmental health, 1986, Volume: 18, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Atropine Derivatives; Drug Hypersensitivity; Male; Organophosphorus Compounds; Parasympatholytics; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sarin; Soman; Stereotyped Behavior; Tremor

1986
Change in atropine dose effect curve after subacute soman administration.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1986, Volume: 24, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Conditioning, Operant; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Extinction, Psychological; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Muscarinic; Reinforcement Schedule; Soman

1986
Clonidine protection from the toxicity of soman, an organophosphate acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, in the mouse.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1986, Volume: 239, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Kinetics; Male; Mice; Receptors, Muscarinic; Soman

1986
Anticholinesterase agents affect contrast gain of the cat cortical visual evoked potential.
    Neuroscience letters, 1986, Nov-21, Volume: 71, Issue:3

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Cats; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Evoked Potentials, Visual; Isoflurophate; Physostigmine; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Soman; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception

1986
Relationship between reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibition and efficacy against soman lethality.
    Life sciences, 1985, Sep-02, Volume: 37, Issue:9

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Mecamylamine; Organophosphorus Compounds; Physostigmine; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats; Soman

1985
Yohimbine antagonism of the vasodepression elicited by organophosphates applied on ventral medulla oblongata.
    Journal of the autonomic nervous system, 1985, Volume: 14, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Cats; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Electrocardiography; Female; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Norepinephrine; Organophosphorus Compounds; Respiration; Sarin; Soman; Yohimbine

1985
Influence of atropine upon ageing and reactivation of soman inhibited acetylcholinesterase from human erythrocytes. Preliminary communication.
    Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1985, Volume: 35, Issue:9

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Erythrocytes; Humans; Soman

1985
Treatment of poisoning by soman.
    Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 1985, Volume: 5, Issue:6 Pt 2

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Carbamates; Diazepam; Guinea Pigs; Male; Motor Activity; Organophosphate Poisoning; Parasympatholytics; Phenylpropionates; Physostigmine; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Sarin; Soman; Time Factors

1985
Application of response surface methods for evaluating the interactions of soman, atropine, and pralidioxime chloride.
    Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 1985, Volume: 5, Issue:6 Pt 2

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Drug Interactions; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Models, Biological; Pralidoxime Compounds; Soman

1985
Assessing pyridostigmine efficacy by response surface modeling.
    Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 1985, Volume: 5, Issue:6 Pt 2

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Models, Biological; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Soman

1985
Unexpected synergism between an alkylating analog of oxotremorine and soman.
    Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 1985, Volume: 5, Issue:6 Pt 2

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Atropine Derivatives; Body Temperature; Brain; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Drug Synergism; Oxotremorine; Parasympatholytics; Pyrrolidinones; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Soman

1985
Reduction by diazepam of repetitive electrical activity and toxicity resulting from soman.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1974, Volume: 28, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diazepam; Drug Synergism; Electrophysiology; Evoked Potentials; In Vitro Techniques; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Tonus; Nerve Endings; Neuromuscular Junction; Phrenic Nerve; Rabbits; Rats; Seizures; Soman

1974
Atropine-insensitive vasodilatation and hypotension in the organophosphate-poisoned rabbit.
    Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de therapie, 1972, Volume: 200, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Blood Vessels; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Forelimb; Heart Rate; Hypotension; Isoflurophate; Organophosphate Poisoning; Rabbits; Respiration, Artificial; Sarin; Soman; Vascular Resistance; Vasodilator Agents

1972
Depression of the vasomotor system in rabbits poisoned with an organophosphate anticholinesterase.
    Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de therapie, 1972, Volume: 200, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Blood Vessels; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Forelimb; Hypotension; Muscle Tonus; Nervous System; Organophosphate Poisoning; Rabbits; Soman; Vascular Resistance; Vasomotor System

1972
[Different effects of organophosphorus compounds Paraoxon and Soman on the discharge rate in single fibers of the rat phrenic nerve].
    Archiv fur Toxikologie, 1973, Volume: 30, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Insecticides; Male; Neural Conduction; Neurons; Paraoxon; Phrenic Nerve; Rats; Soman

1973
Effects of HI-6 on brain neuronal RNA and acetylcholinesterase: metabolic responses during acute soman intoxication.
    Toxicology, 1984, Volume: 33, Issue:3-4

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Cerebral Cortex; Cholinesterases; Corpus Striatum; Drug Interactions; Male; Neurons; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA; Soman

1984
The efficacy of bispyridinium derivatives in the treatment of organophosphonate poisoning in the guinea-pig.
    The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 1983, Volume: 35, Issue:7

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Diazepam; Female; Guinea Pigs; Obidoxime Chloride; Organophosphate Poisoning; Pyridinium Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Soman

1983
New simulators in the prophylaxis against soman poisoning: structural specificity for the depot site(s).
    The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 1984, Volume: 36, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Male; Neuromuscular Junction; Organophosphate Poisoning; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Soman; Structure-Activity Relationship; Synaptic Transmission

1984
Brain neuronal RNA metabolism during acute soman toxication: effects of antidotal pretreatments.
    Neurochemical research, 1983, Volume: 8, Issue:8

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain; Caudate Nucleus; Cerebral Cortex; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Male; Neurons; Organophosphorus Compounds; Physostigmine; Pralidoxime Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA; Soman

1983
[Effects of artificial respiration, Maintaining blood pressure and atropine on soman-induced respiratory depression in rabbits (author's transl)].
    Zhongguo yao li xue bao = Acta pharmacologica Sinica, 1981, Volume: 2, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Medulla Oblongata; Organophosphorus Compounds; Rabbits; Respiration; Respiration, Artificial; Soman

1981
Detoxification of soman and o-cyclopentyl-s-diethylaminoethyl methylphosphonothioate in vivo.
    Proceedings of the Western Pharmacology Society, 1984, Volume: 27

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Esterases; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Inactivation, Metabolic; Macaca fascicularis; Male; Mecamylamine; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rabbits; Rats; Soman; Time Factors

1984
Protection against both lethal and behavioral effects of soman.
    Drug and chemical toxicology, 1984, Volume: 7, Issue:6

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Behavior, Animal; Conditioning, Operant; Extinction, Psychological; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mecamylamine; Organophosphorus Compounds; Postural Balance; Psychomotor Performance; Rats; Reinforcement Schedule; Soman

1984
Soman-induced depression of brain activity in TAB-pretreated rats: 2-deoxyglucose study.
    Neurotoxicology, 1983,Winter, Volume: 4, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Benactyzine; Brain; Deoxyglucose; Depression, Chemical; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; Male; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Rats; Seizures; Soman; Trimedoxime

1983
Soman and sarin induce a long-lasting naloxone-reversible analgesia in mice.
    Life sciences, 1984, Apr-09, Volume: 34, Issue:15

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Atropine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hot Temperature; Male; Mice; Naloxone; Organophosphorus Compounds; Reaction Time; Sarin; Soman

1984
PAM-2 Cl, HI-6, and HGG-12 in soman and tabun poisoning.
    Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 1984, Volume: 4, Issue:2 Pt 2

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Diazepam; Dogs; Guinea Pigs; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Oximes; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Soman; Species Specificity

1984
Soman induced changes in brain regional glucose use.
    Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 1984, Volume: 4, Issue:2 Pt 2

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Benactyzine; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Deoxyglucose; Echothiophate Iodide; Glucose; Neostigmine; Organophosphorus Compounds; Rats; Seizures; Soman; Trimedoxime

1984
Pesticide induced muscle necrosis: mechanisms and prevention.
    Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 1984, Volume: 4, Issue:2 Pt 2

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Echothiophate Iodide; Gentamicins; Insecticides; Male; Manganese; Muscular Diseases; Necrosis; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Soman; Synapses; Time Factors

1984
Examination of the role of central cholinergic mechanisms in the therapeutic effects of HI-6 in organophosphate poisoning.
    Journal of neurochemistry, 1983, Volume: 40, Issue:5

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain; Injections, Intraventricular; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sarin; Soman

1983
Antidote effect of sodium fluoride against organophosphate poisoning in mice.
    Life sciences, 1983, Apr-18, Volume: 32, Issue:16

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Drug Interactions; Fluorides; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Sodium Fluoride; Soman

1983
Effects of inhibitors of acetylcholine synthesis on brain acetylcholine and survival in soman-intoxicated animals.
    Life sciences, 1982, May-31, Volume: 30, Issue:22

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Brain; Hemicholinium 3; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Naphthylvinylpyridine; Organophosphorus Compounds; Pyridines; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Soman

1982
HI-6, an oxime which is an effective antidote of soman poisoning: a structure-activity study.
    Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 1982, Jun-15, Volume: 64, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterases; Male; Mice; Organophosphate Poisoning; Oximes; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman; Structure-Activity Relationship

1982
Pyridinium salts as organophosphate antagonists.
    Monographs in neural sciences, 1980, Volume: 7

    Topics: Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Kinetics; Paraoxon; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman; Structure-Activity Relationship

1980
Protection and induced reactivation of cholinesterase by HS-6 in rabbits exposed to soman.
    Life sciences, 1981, Oct-26, Volume: 29, Issue:17

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Cholinesterases; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Organophosphate Poisoning; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rabbits; Soman; Time Factors

1981
The effects of pretreatments with carbamates, atropine and mecamylamine on survival and on soman-induced alterations in rat and rabbit brain acetylcholine.
    Life sciences, 1980, Jun-02, Volume: 26, Issue:22

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Benactyzine; Brain Chemistry; Carbamates; Male; Mecamylamine; Neostigmine; Organophosphorus Compounds; Physostigmine; Rabbits; Rats; Soman; Time Factors

1980
comparison of the efficacy of HS-6 versus HI-6 when combined with atropine, pyridostigmine and clonazepam for soman poisoning in the monkey.
    Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de therapie, 1980, Volume: 246, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterases; Clonazepam; Electroencephalography; Female; Heart Rate; Macaca mulatta; Male; Organophosphate Poisoning; Oximes; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridinium Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Respiration; Soman

1980
Protection against nerve agent-induced neuropathology, but not cardiac pathology, is associated with the anticonvulsant action of drug treatment.
    Neurotoxicology, 1995,Spring, Volume: 16, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Brain; Diazepam; Heart; Male; Myocardium; Neuroprotective Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Scopolamine; Seizures; Soman; Time Factors

1995
Anticonvulsant and antilethal effects of the phencyclidine derivative TCP in soman poisoning.
    Neurotoxicology, 1994,Winter, Volume: 15, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Electroencephalography; Guinea Pigs; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Phencyclidine; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Soman

1994
Treatment of nerve gas poisoning.
    The Medical letter on drugs and therapeutics, 1995, May-12, Volume: 37, Issue:948

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Antidotes; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Gases; Humans; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Respiratory Protective Devices; Sarin; Soman

1995
Primate performance decrements following acute soman exposure: failure of chemical countermeasures.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1994, Volume: 49, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Cholinesterases; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Macaca mulatta; Male; Pralidoxime Compounds; Psychomotor Performance; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Soman

1994
Modulation of soman-induced neuropathology with an anticonvulsant regimen.
    Neuroreport, 1994, Nov-21, Volume: 5, Issue:17

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Hippocampus; Male; Olfactory Pathways; Phencyclidine; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, AMPA; Seizures; Soman

1994
Efficacy of HI-6 and HLö-7 in preventing incapacitation following nerve agent poisoning.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1994, Volume: 49, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Behavior, Animal; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Conditioning, Operant; Electroencephalography; Guinea Pigs; Lethal Dose 50; Organophosphates; Oximes; Pyridines; Pyridinium Compounds; Respiratory Mechanics; Soman

1994
Antiepileptic effects of NBQX against soman-induced seizures.
    Neuroreport, 1994, Jan-12, Volume: 5, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Male; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Muscarinic; Soman

1994
Coadministration of atropine, NBQX and TCP against soman-induced seizures.
    Neuroreport, 1994, May-09, Volume: 5, Issue:9

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Drug Synergism; Electroencephalography; Male; Phencyclidine; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, AMPA; Seizures; Soman

1994
Protection by tacrine and some adjuncts against the depressant effects of soman in guinea-pig atrium.
    General pharmacology, 1993, Volume: 24, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Guinea Pigs; Heart Atria; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Oximes; Parasympatholytics; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman; Tacrine

1993
Toxicokinetics of soman stereoisomers after subcutaneous administration to atropinized guinea pigs.
    Archives of toxicology, 1994, Volume: 68, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Biological Availability; Guinea Pigs; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Models, Biological; Soman; Stereoisomerism

1994
Cholinergic activation of phosphoinositide metabolism during soman-induced seizures.
    Neuroreport, 1993, Sep-03, Volume: 4, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Autonomic Pathways; Biotransformation; Electroencephalography; Hippocampus; Inosine Triphosphate; Male; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Phosphatidylinositols; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Soman

1993
Experimentally induced mortality following repeated measurement of rectal temperature in mice.
    Laboratory animal science, 1993, Volume: 43, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Body Temperature; Hypothermia; Male; Mice; Oxotremorine; Receptors, Muscarinic; Rectum; Soman; Thermometers

1993
REM sleep pathways and anticholinesterase intoxication: a mechanism for nerve agent-induced, central respiratory failure.
    Medical hypotheses, 1993, Volume: 41, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Models, Biological; Respiratory Insufficiency; Respiratory Muscles; Sleep, REM; Soman

1993
A comparison of the efficacy of HI6 and 2-PAM against soman, tabun, sarin, and VX in the rabbit.
    Toxicology letters, 1994, Feb-15, Volume: 70, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Diazepam; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Poisoning; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridinium Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rabbits; Sarin; Soman; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms

1994
Evidence for presynaptic inhibition of the olfactory commissural pathway by cholinergic agonists and stimulation of the nucleus of the diagonal band.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 1993, Volume: 13, Issue:2

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Male; Microinjections; Olfactory Bulb; Olfactory Pathways; Parasympathomimetics; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Soman; Synapses

1993
Atropine and oxime treatment in lethal soman poisoning of anaesthetized guinea-pigs: HLö 7 dimethanesulfonate versus HI 6 dichloride.
    Pharmacology & toxicology, 1993, Volume: 72, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Anesthesia; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythrocytes; Female; Guinea Pigs; Hemodynamics; Oximes; Poisoning; Pyridines; Pyridinium Compounds; Respiration; Soman

1993
Efficacy of antidotes against soman poisoning in female physostigmine-protected rats.
    Pharmacology & toxicology, 1993, Volume: 72, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain; Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Muscles; Oximes; Physostigmine; Poisoning; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman

1993
Pharmacological nature of soman-induced hypothermia in mice.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1993, Volume: 44, Issue:3

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Body Temperature; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Hypothalamus; Hypothermia; Male; Mecamylamine; Mice; Nicotine; Obidoxime Chloride; Oximes; Oxotremorine; Physostigmine; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman

1993
Pharmacological dissociation of the motor and electrical aspects of convulsive status epilepticus induced by the cholinesterase inhibitor soman.
    Epilepsy research, 1993, Volume: 14, Issue:2

    Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diazepam; Electroencephalography; Guinea Pigs; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Male; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Scopolamine; Soman; Status Epilepticus

1993
Pharmacological modulation of soman-induced seizures.
    Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 1993,Summer, Volume: 17, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Behavior, Animal; Benactyzine; Diazepam; Dizocilpine Maleate; Electrodes, Implanted; Electroencephalography; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Seizures; Soman; Trihexyphenidyl

1993
HI-6 therapy and the acute phase response in the rat.
    Toxicology, 1996, Jan-08, Volume: 106, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Acute-Phase Proteins; Acute-Phase Reaction; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Blood Proteins; Blotting, Northern; Corticosterone; Immunoelectrophoresis; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Liver; Male; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Soman; Turpentine

1996
Treatment of organophosphate poisoning in pigs: antidote administration by a new binary autoinjector.
    Archives of toxicology, 1995, Volume: 70, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Drug Combinations; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Jet; Male; Organophosphate Poisoning; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman; Swine

1995
Blockade of cardiac nicotinic responses by anticholinesterases.
    General pharmacology, 1996, Volume: 27, Issue:5

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Carbamates; Catecholamines; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Edrophonium; Female; Guinea Pigs; Heart; Heart Atria; Heart Rate; In Vitro Techniques; Myocardial Contraction; Nicotine; Nicotinic Antagonists; Soman; Tacrine

1996
Comparison of the efficacy of single or repeated HI-6 treatment following soman poisoning in guinea pigs and marmoset monkeys.
    Toxicology, 1996, Sep-02, Volume: 112, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Area Under Curve; Atropine; Avoidance Learning; Behavior, Animal; Callithrix; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Cholinesterases; Electroencephalography; Female; Guinea Pigs; Half-Life; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Subcutaneous; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurophysiology; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman

1996
Importance of cholinolytic drug selection for the efficacy of HI-6 against soman in rats.
    Toxicology, 1997, Jan-15, Volume: 116, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Benactyzine; Biperiden; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Corticosterone; Diaphragm; Drug Interactions; Liver; Male; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman; Stress, Physiological; Tyrosine Transaminase

1997
Efficacy of atropine/pralidoxime/diazepam or atropine/HI-6/prodiazepam in primates intoxicated by soman.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1997, Volume: 56, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diazepam; Dipeptides; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiography; Electroencephalography; Macaca fascicularis; Male; Oximes; Poisoning; Pralidoxime Compounds; Prodrugs; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman

1997
[The effect of parasympatholytics on the therapeutic effectiveness of the oxime HI-6 against organophosphorus compounds (Soman, substance VX, Fosdrin) in mice].
    Casopis lekaru ceskych, 1997, Feb-12, Volume: 136, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Benactyzine; Biperiden; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Male; Mevinphos; Mice; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Parasympatholytics; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman

1997
[Comparison of the effect of selected cholinesterase reactivators combined with atropine on soman and fosdrin toxicity in mice].
    Sbornik vedeckych praci Lekarske fakulty Karlovy univerzity v Hradci Kralove. Supplementum, 1995, Volume: 38, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Insecticides; Male; Mevinphos; Mice; Poisoning; Soman

1995
Nerve agent poisoning in primates: antilethal, anti-epileptic and neuroprotective effects of GK-11.
    Archives of toxicology, 1998, Volume: 72, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Cyclohexanes; Cyclohexenes; Diazepam; Drug Combinations; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Injections, Intravenous; Macaca fascicularis; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neuroprotective Agents; Piperidines; Pralidoxime Compounds; Seizures; Soman; Staining and Labeling; Time Factors

1998
[The effect of pharmacologic prophylaxis with Panpal on acetylcholinesterase activity in the diaphragm and various parts of the brain in rats during treated and untreated Soman poisoning].
    Casopis lekaru ceskych, 1998, May-18, Volume: 137, Issue:10

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Benactyzine; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Diaphragm; Drug Combinations; Male; Oximes; Poisoning; Pyridinium Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman; Trihexyphenidyl

1998
A comparison of the efficacy of new asymmetric bispyridinium oxime BI-6 with other oximes (obidoxime, HI-6) against soman in rats.
    Human & experimental toxicology, 1998, Volume: 17, Issue:6

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Cholinesterases; Diaphragm; Drug Therapy, Combination; Liver; Male; Obidoxime Chloride; Oximes; Poisoning; Pyridines; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman; Tyrosine Transaminase

1998
Effect of soman on N-methyl-D-aspartate-stimulated [3H]norepinephrine release from rat cortical slices.
    Toxicology letters, 1998, Nov-12, Volume: 99, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Cerebral Cortex; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; In Vitro Techniques; N-Methylaspartate; Nicotinic Antagonists; Norepinephrine; Parasympathomimetics; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Soman; Stimulation, Chemical; Tubocurarine

1998
Low level nose-only exposure to the nerve agent soman: toxicokinetics of soman stereoisomers and cholinesterase inhibition in atropinized guinea pigs.
    Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 1998, Volume: 153, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Atropine; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Erythrocytes; Guinea Pigs; Male; Soman; Stereoisomerism; Time Factors

1998
Acute soman poisoning in primates neither pretreated nor receiving immediate therapy: value of gacyclidine (GK-11) in delayed medical support.
    Archives of toxicology, 1999, Volume: 73, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Cyclohexanes; Cyclohexenes; Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiography; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Haplorhini; Macaca fascicularis; Male; Piperidines; Poisoning; Pralidoxime Compounds; Seizures; Soman; Time Factors

1999
[Comparison of the effects of BI-6, a new asymmetric bipyridine oxime, with HI-6 oxime and obidoxime in combination with atropine on soman and fosdrine toxicity in mice].
    Ceska a Slovenska farmacie : casopis Ceske farmaceuticke spolecnosti a Slovenske farmaceuticke spolecnosti, 1999, Volume: 48, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Insecticides; Male; Mevinphos; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Obidoxime Chloride; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman

1999
Soman-induced hypertension in conscious rats is mediated by prolonged central muscarinic stimulation.
    Fundamental & clinical pharmacology, 1999, Volume: 13, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Atropine Derivatives; Blood Pressure; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diazepam; Electroencephalography; Heart Rate; Hypertension; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Soman

1999
Memory impairment after soman intoxication in rat: correlation with central neuropathology. Improvement with anticholinergic and antiglutamatergic therapeutics.
    Neurotoxicology, 1999, Volume: 20, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Behavior, Animal; Cholinergic Antagonists; Convulsants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Hippocampus; Male; Maze Learning; Memory Disorders; Neuroprotective Agents; Phencyclidine; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman; Spatial Behavior; Survival Rate; Time Factors

1999
Protection of mice against soman by pretreatment with eptastigmine and physostigmine.
    Toxicology, 1999, Dec-06, Volume: 139, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Cerebellum; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Convulsants; Lethal Dose 50; Lung; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred DBA; Physostigmine; Soman

1999
Subchronic physostigmine pretreatment in marmosets: absence of side effects and effectiveness against soman poisoning with negligible postintoxication incapacitation.
    Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2000, Volume: 53, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Avoidance Learning; Behavior, Animal; Callithrix; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology; Evoked Potentials, Visual; Female; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Physostigmine; Reflex, Startle; Soman

2000
Neuroprotective effects of antidotes in soman-poisoned rats.
    Acta medica (Hradec Kralove), 1999, Volume: 42, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Male; Nervous System; Obidoxime Chloride; Poisoning; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman

1999
Efficacy of biperiden and atropine as anticonvulsant treatment for organophosphorus nerve agent intoxication.
    Archives of toxicology, 2000, Volume: 74, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Biperiden; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electroencephalography; Guinea Pigs; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Sarin; Seizures; Soman

2000
Effects of atropine sulphate on seizure activity and brain damage produced by soman in guinea-pigs: ECoG correlates of neuropathology.
    Neurotoxicology, 2000, Volume: 21, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Convulsants; Electroencephalography; Guinea Pigs; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Seizures; Soman

2000
Compared efficacy of diazepam or avizafone to prevent soman-induced electroencephalographic disturbances and neuropathology in primates: relationship to plasmatic benzodiazepine pharmacokinetics.
    Archives of toxicology, 2000, Volume: 74, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diazepam; Dipeptides; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electroencephalography; Macaca fascicularis; Male; Pralidoxime Compounds; Soman

2000
The influence of anticholinergic drug selection on the efficacy of antidotal treatment of soman-poisoned rats.
    Toxicology, 2000, Nov-23, Volume: 154, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Benactyzine; Biperiden; Blood Pressure; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Electrocardiography; Heart Rate; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Scopolamine; Soman

2000
Neuroprotective effects of currently used antidotes in soman-poisoned rats.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2000, Volume: 67, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Male; Motor Activity; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neuroprotective Agents; Obidoxime Chloride; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman

2000
[Effect of diazepam on the effectiveness of antidote therapy in eliminating the acute lethal effects of soman in mice].
    Casopis lekaru ceskych, 2001, Volume: 140, Issue:16

    Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Antidotes; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Diazepam; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Oximes; Poisoning; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman

2001
Beneficial effects of TCP on soman intoxication in guinea pigs: seizures, brain damage and learning behaviour.
    Journal of applied toxicology : JAT, 2001, Volume: 21 Suppl 1

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Discrimination Learning; Electroencephalography; Guinea Pigs; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neuroprotective Agents; Phencyclidine; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Seizures; Soman

2001
Cardiopulmonary effects of HI-6 treatment in soman intoxication.
    Journal of applied toxicology : JAT, 2001, Volume: 21 Suppl 1

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Chemical Warfare Agents; Muscarinic Antagonists; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Regional Blood Flow; Respiration; Soman

2001
O-Substituted derivatives of pralidoxime: muscarinic properties and protection against soman effects in rats.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2002, May-10, Volume: 442, Issue:3

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Binding, Competitive; Blood Pressure; Brain; Carbachol; Cholinergic Agonists; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Guinea Pigs; Heart Rate; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Muscle Contraction; Myocardium; Oximes; Pralidoxime Compounds; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Muscarinic; Respiration; Soman; Structure-Activity Relationship; Submandibular Gland

2002
Low concentrations of pyridostigmine prevent soman-induced inhibition of GABAergic transmission in the central nervous system: involvement of muscarinic receptors.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2003, Volume: 304, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Central Nervous System; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Membrane Potentials; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Piperidines; Pirenzepine; Pyramidal Cells; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, Muscarinic M2; Receptor, Muscarinic M3; Receptors, Muscarinic; Receptors, Nicotinic; Soman; Synaptic Transmission

2003
Central neuro-inflammatory gene response following soman exposure in the rat.
    Neuroscience letters, 2003, Oct-09, Volume: 349, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; E-Selectin; Encephalitis; Gene Expression Regulation; Inflammation Mediators; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-6; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; RNA, Messenger; Soman; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Up-Regulation; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1

2003
ANTIDOTAL ACTION OF PYRIDINIUM OXIMES IN ANTICHOLINESTERASE POISONING; COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF SOMAN, SARIN, AND NEOSTIGMINE ON NEUROMUSCULAR FUNCTION.
    Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 1963, Volume: 5

    Topics: Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Enzyme Inhibitors; Mice; Neostigmine; Neuromuscular Junction; Organophosphate Poisoning; Oximes; Pharmacology; Phosphorus; Poisons; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridines; Rats; Research; Sarin; Soman; Toxicology

1963
TOXOGONIN IN SARIN, SOMAN AND TABUN POISONING.
    Biochemical pharmacology, 1965, Jan-01, Volume: 14

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Erythrocytes; Mice; Obidoxime Chloride; Organophosphates; Oximes; Pharmacology; Phosphates; Research; Sarin; Soman; Toxicology

1965
A comparison of the neuroprotective efficacy of pharmacological pretreatment and antidotal treatment in soman-poisoned rats.
    Acta medica (Hradec Kralove), 2003, Volume: 46, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Benactyzine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Oximes; Premedication; Pyridinium Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman; Trihexyphenidyl

2003
Periodic orbit analysis reveals subtle effects of atropine on epileptiform activity in the guinea-pig hippocampal slice.
    Neuroscience letters, 2004, Mar-11, Volume: 357, Issue:3

    Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Action Potentials; Animals; Atropine; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Interactions; Electrophysiology; Epilepsy; Guinea Pigs; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mathematics; Muscarinic Antagonists; Periodicity; Potassium Channel Blockers; Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; Soman; Xanthines

2004
A guinea pig hippocampal slice model of organophosphate-induced seizure activity.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2004, Volume: 310, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Guinea Pigs; Hippocampus; Male; Organ Culture Techniques; Organophosphates; Seizures; Soman

2004
Effects of fosphenytoin on nerve agent-induced status epilepticus.
    Drug and chemical toxicology, 2004, Volume: 27, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Diazepam; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electroencephalography; Guinea Pigs; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Phenytoin; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Soman; Status Epilepticus

2004
Flunarizine: a possible adjuvant medication against soman poisoning?
    Drug and chemical toxicology, 2004, Volume: 27, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain; Calcium Channel Blockers; Chemical Warfare Agents; Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Flunarizine; GABA Modulators; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Soman

2004
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of two HI-6 salts in swine and efficacy in the treatment of GF and soman poisoning.
    Toxicology, 2005, Mar-30, Volume: 208, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guinea Pigs; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman; Swine; Time Factors

2005
Effects of HI 6, diazepam and atropine on soman-induced IL-1 beta protein in rat brain.
    Neurotoxicology, 2005, Volume: 26, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain; Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electroencephalography; Interleukin-1; Male; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Soman

2005
Efficacy of the ketamine-atropine combination in the delayed treatment of soman-induced status epilepticus.
    Brain research, 2005, Jul-27, Volume: 1051, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electroencephalography; Guinea Pigs; Ketamine; Male; Midazolam; Seizures; Soman; Statistics, Nonparametric; Status Epilepticus; Time Factors

2005
Novel neuroprotective effects with O-benzyl derivative of pralidoxime in soman-intoxicated rodents.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2005, Oct-03, Volume: 521, Issue:1-3

    Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Acetylcholine; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Benzene Derivatives; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Drug Synergism; Electroencephalography; Female; Homovanillic Acid; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Mice; Microdialysis; Neuroprotective Agents; Oximes; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Serotonin; Soman; Survival Rate; Time Factors

2005
Protection by a transdermal patch containing physostigmine and procyclidine of soman poisoning in dogs.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2005, Nov-21, Volume: 525, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dogs; Female; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neuroprotective Agents; Oximes; Physostigmine; Procyclidine; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman

2005
Efficacy of immediate and subsequent therapies against soman-induced seizures and lethality in rats.
    Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology, 2006, Volume: 98, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Brain; Diazepam; Dipeptides; Drug Combinations; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Oximes; Pentobarbital; Procyclidine; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Soman

2006
Protection against soman-induced neuropathology and respiratory failure: a comparison of the efficacy of diazepam and avizafone in guinea pig.
    Toxicology, 2006, Aug-01, Volume: 225, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diazepam; Dipeptides; Electroencephalography; Guinea Pigs; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Respiratory Insufficiency; Soman

2006
Effective countermeasure against poisoning by organophosphorus insecticides and nerve agents.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006, Aug-29, Volume: 103, Issue:35

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alkaloids; Animals; Atropine; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Galantamine; Guinea Pigs; Insecticides; Lethal Dose 50; Neurons; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphorus Compounds; Paraoxon; Poisoning; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Sarin; Sesquiterpenes; Soman; Time Factors

2006
Overcoming inhibitions.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006, Sep-05, Volume: 103, Issue:36

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Benzodiazepines; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Galantamine; Guinea Pigs; Insecticides; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Paraoxon; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, Muscarinic; Sarin; Seizures; Soman; Time Factors

2006
Development of next generation medical countermeasures to nerve agent poisoning.
    Toxicology, 2007, Apr-20, Volume: 233, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Dipeptides; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Guinea Pigs; Ileal Diseases; Intussusception; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Oximes; Physostigmine; Pyridinium Compounds; Scopolamine Derivatives; Soman; Time Factors

2007
Protective effects of S+ ketamine and atropine against lethality and brain damage during soman-induced status epilepticus in guinea-pigs.
    Toxicology, 2007, May-20, Volume: 234, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain Damage, Chronic; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Guinea Pigs; Ketamine; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman; Status Epilepticus; Stereoisomerism

2007
A comparison of the potency of newly developed oximes (K074, K075) and currently available oximes (obidoxime, HI-6) to counteract soman-induced neurotoxicity in rats.
    Drug and chemical toxicology, 2007, Volume: 30, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Autonomic Nervous System; Behavior, Animal; Butanes; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Drug Therapy, Combination; Male; Motor Activity; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Obidoxime Chloride; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman; Structure-Activity Relationship

2007
Comparison of reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of two salts of the oxime HI-6 against tabun, soman and cyclosarin in rats.
    Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology, 2007, Volume: 101, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Soman

2007
Nerve agents: implications for anesthesia providers.
    AANA journal, 2008, Volume: 76, Issue:2

    Topics: Antidotes; Atropine; Chemical Terrorism; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Decontamination; Humans; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nurse Anesthetists; Nurse's Role; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pralidoxime Compounds; Sarin; Soman; Time Factors

2008
Long-term cognitive deficits accompanied by reduced neurogenesis after soman poisoning.
    Neurotoxicology, 2009, Volume: 30, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Benzodiazepines; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Corpus Striatum; Doublecortin Protein; Hippocampus; Male; Maze Learning; Neurogenesis; Olanzapine; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Seizures; Soman

2009
Molecular and cellular actions of galantamine: clinical implications for treatment of organophosphorus poisoning.
    Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN, 2010, Volume: 40, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinergic Fibers; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Drug Interactions; Female; Galantamine; Guinea Pigs; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nerve Degeneration; Organ Culture Techniques; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Soman; Treatment Outcome

2010
A comparison of the ability of newly-developed bispyridinium oxime K203 and currently available oximes (trimedoxime, obidoxime, HI-6) to counteract the acute neurotoxicity of soman in rats.
    Toxicology mechanisms and methods, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Behavior, Animal; Chemical Warfare Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Male; Motor Activity; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman

2010
Treatment efficacy in a soman-poisoned guinea pig model: added value of physostigmine?
    Archives of toxicology, 2011, Volume: 85, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain; Carbamates; Chemical Warfare Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electroencephalography; Guinea Pigs; Male; Models, Animal; Obidoxime Chloride; Parasympatholytics; Physostigmine; Seizures; Soman; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome

2011
Endotracheal aerosolization of atropine sulfate protects against soman-induced acute respiratory toxicity in guinea pigs.
    Inhalation toxicology, 2011, Volume: 23, Issue:4

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Atropine; Body Weight; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Butyrylcholinesterase; Chemical Warfare Agents; Guinea Pigs; Heart Rate; Inhalation Exposure; Lethal Dose 50; Lung; Male; Plethysmography, Whole Body; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Sarin; Soman; Tidal Volume; Trachea

2011
Effect of acute soman exposure on GABA(A) receptors in rat hippocampal slices and cultured hippocampal neurons.
    Neurotoxicity research, 2011, Volume: 20, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Cells, Cultured; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Embryo, Mammalian; Endocytosis; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials; Membrane Potentials; Microscopy, Confocal; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pregnancy; Protein Transport; Rats; Receptors, GABA-A; Soman; Valine

2011
Biochemical insight into soman intoxication and treatment with atropine, HI-6, trimedoxime, and K203 in a rat model.
    Bratislavske lekarske listy, 2011, Volume: 112, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Biomarkers; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Male; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman; Trimedoxime

2011
Gene expression and phosphoprotein profile of certain key neuronal signaling proteins following soman intoxication.
    Toxicology, 2011, Dec-18, Volume: 290, Issue:2-3

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Cerebellum; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gene Expression Regulation; Hippocampus; Olfactory Pathways; Oximes; Phosphorylation; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman

2011
A comparison of the efficacy of newly developed reversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase with commonly used pyridostigmine as pharmacological pre-treatment of soman-poisoned mice.
    Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology, 2012, Volume: 110, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Drug Therapy, Combination; Isoquinolines; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Soman

2012
Minimum effective drug concentrations of a transdermal patch system containing procyclidine and physostigmine for prophylaxis against soman poisoning in rhesus monkeys.
    Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 2012, Volume: 33, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Lethal Dose 50; Macaca mulatta; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Oximes; Physostigmine; Poisoning; Procyclidine; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman; Transdermal Patch

2012
Combinations of ketamine and atropine are neuroprotective and reduce neuroinflammation after a toxic status epilepticus in mice.
    Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2012, Mar-01, Volume: 259, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Area Under Curve; Atropine; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Chemokine CCL5; Chemokine CXCL1; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Ketamine; Male; Mice; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neuroglia; Neutrophils; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Random Allocation; RNA, Messenger; Soman; Status Epilepticus

2012
Neuroprotective effects of imidazenil against chemical warfare nerve agent soman toxicity in guinea pigs.
    Neurotoxicology, 2012, Volume: 33, Issue:2

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Atropine; Benzodiazepines; Body Weight; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Administration Schedule; Electrocardiography; Electroencephalography; Guinea Pigs; Imidazoles; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Pralidoxime Compounds; Seizures; Soman; Telemetry; Time Factors

2012
Prediction of neuroprotective treatment efficiency using a HRMAS NMR-based statistical model of refractory status epilepticus on mouse: a metabolomic approach supported by histology.
    Journal of proteome research, 2012, Jul-06, Volume: 11, Issue:7

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Biomarkers; Brain; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ketamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Metabolome; Mice; Midazolam; Multivariate Analysis; Neuroprotective Agents; Principal Component Analysis; Soman; Status Epilepticus

2012
Aerosolized delivery of oxime MMB-4 in combination with atropine sulfate protects against soman exposure in guinea pigs.
    Inhalation toxicology, 2012, Volume: 24, Issue:9

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Administration, Inhalation; Aerosols; Animals; Atropine; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Butyrylcholinesterase; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Drug Combinations; Guinea Pigs; Lung; Male; Oximes; Protective Agents; Soman

2012
Determination of anti-convulsant and life-preserving capacities of three types of auto-injector therapies against soman intoxication in rats.
    Drug testing and analysis, 2013, Volume: 5, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Benzodiazepines; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Convulsants; Male; Oximes; Physostigmine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Scopolamine; Seizures; Soman

2013
Efficacy of the GluK1/AMPA receptor antagonist LY293558 against seizures and neuropathology in a soman-exposure model without pretreatment and its pharmacokinetics after intramuscular administration.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2013, Volume: 344, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Electroencephalography; Fluoresceins; Fluorescent Dyes; Injections, Intramuscular; Isoquinolines; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nerve Degeneration; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Seizures; Soman; Tetrazoles; Tissue Fixation

2013
Efficacy of antidotes (midazolam, atropine and HI-6) on nerve agent induced molecular and neuropathological changes.
    BMC neuroscience, 2014, Apr-04, Volume: 15

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; GABA Modulators; Male; Midazolam; Muscarinic Antagonists; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome

2014
A rat model of nerve agent exposure applicable to the pediatric population: The anticonvulsant efficacies of atropine and GluK1 antagonists.
    Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2015, Apr-15, Volume: 284, Issue:2

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Disease Models, Animal; Hippocampus; Isoquinolines; Male; Nerve Degeneration; Oximes; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Seizures; Soman; Status Epilepticus; Tetrazoles

2015
Beneficial effects of a ketamine/atropine combination in soman-poisoned rats under a neutral thermal environment.
    Neurotoxicology, 2015, Volume: 50

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Body Temperature; Brain; Brain Injuries; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterases; Corticosterone; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsy; Fever; Gene Expression Regulation; Ketamine; Male; Motor Activity; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Ribosomal Proteins; Soman; Time Factors

2015
Pharmacokinetic profile and quantitation of protection against soman poisoning by the antinicotinic compound MB327 in the guinea-pig.
    Toxicology letters, 2016, Feb-26, Volume: 244

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Antidotes; Atropine; Dipeptides; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Guinea Pigs; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nerve Agents; Nicotinic Antagonists; Poisoning; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman

2016
Increasing nerve agent treatment efficacy by P-glycoprotein inhibition.
    Chemico-biological interactions, 2016, Nov-25, Volume: 259, Issue:Pt B

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; Atropine; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Dogs; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; Male; Nerve Agents; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Quinolines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Soman; Substrate Specificity

2016
Naloxone Antagonizes Soman-induced Central Respiratory Depression in Rats.
    Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology, 2017, Volume: 120, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Male; Naloxone; Nerve Agents; Oxotremorine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Muscarinic; Respiratory Insufficiency; Soman

2017
Neuroprotective Effects of Galantamine on Nerve Agent-Induced Neuroglial and Biochemical Changes.
    Neurotoxicity research, 2018, Volume: 33, Issue:4

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Brain; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Galantamine; Gene Expression Regulation; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nerve Agents; Neuroglia; Neuroprotective Agents; Protein Carbonylation; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; Soman; Time Factors

2018
Evaluation of the Influence of Three Newly Developed Bispyridinium Anti-nicotinic Compounds (MB408, MB442, MB444) on the Efficacy of Antidotal Treatment of Nerve Agent Poisoning in Mice.
    Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology, 2018, Volume: 122, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Nerve Agents; Nicotinic Agonists; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman; Treatment Outcome

2018
Potentiation of antiseizure and neuroprotective efficacy of standard nerve agent treatment by addition of tariquidar.
    Neurotoxicology, 2018, Volume: 68

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Astrocytes; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Cholinesterases; Diazepam; Male; Microglia; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Quinolines; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Soman

2018
Prophylactic potential of memantine against soman poisoning in rats.
    Toxicology, 2019, 03-15, Volume: 416

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Behavior, Animal; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diazepam; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; GPI-Linked Proteins; Male; Memantine; Neuromuscular Junction; Organophosphate Poisoning; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Soman; Synaptic Transmission

2019
Combination of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists increases survival rate in soman-poisoned mice.
    Toxicology mechanisms and methods, 2023, Volume: 33, Issue:7

    Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Memantine; Mice; Oximes; Poisons; Procyclidine; Pyridinium Compounds; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Soman; Survival Rate

2023
Disease-modifying effects of a glial-targeted inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (1400W) in mixed-sex cohorts of a rat soman (GD) model of epilepsy.
    Journal of neuroinflammation, 2023, Jul-12, Volume: 20, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cytokines; Enzyme Inhibitors; Epilepsy; Gliosis; Male; Midazolam; Neuroglia; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Parvalbumins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Seizures; Soman; Status Epilepticus

2023