atropine has been researched along with soman in 197 studies
| Studies (atropine) | Trials (atropine) | Recent Studies (post-2010) (atropine) | Studies (soman) | Trials (soman) | Recent Studies (post-2010) (soman) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26,711 | 1,259 | 1,697 | 1,391 | 4 | 257 |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 70 (35.53) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 67 (34.01) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 33 (16.75) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 25 (12.69) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 2 (1.02) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Dirnhuber, P; French, MC; Green, DM; Leadbeater, L; Stratton, JA | 1 |
| Dola, TJ; Lipp, JA | 1 |
| Gordon, JJ; Leadbeater, L | 1 |
| Hauser, W; Weger, N | 1 |
| Bosković, B | 1 |
| Harris, LW; Heyl, WC; Moore, RD; Stitcher, DL | 1 |
| Kepner, LA; Wolthuis, OL | 2 |
| Alter, SC; Harris, LW; Heyl, WC; Stitcher, DL | 1 |
| Clason-van der Wiel, HJ; Nickolson, VJ; Wolthuis, OL | 1 |
| Lipp, JA | 1 |
| Clason-Van Der Wiel, HJ; Visser, R; Wolthuis, OL | 1 |
| Löffler, W; Schenk, J; Weger, N | 1 |
| Johnson, DD; Wilcox, WC | 1 |
| Blanchet, G; Collet, A; Denoyer, M; Lallement, G; Pernot-Marino, I; Séréno, D | 1 |
| Dettbarn, WD; Gupta, RC | 1 |
| Karlsson, N; Larsson, R; Puu, G | 1 |
| Blanchet, G; Bodjarian, N; Carpentier, P; Lallement, G; Tarricone, A | 1 |
| de Groot, DM; Melchers, BP; Philippens, IH; Wolthuis, OL | 1 |
| Anderson, DR; Bowersox, SL; Harris, LW; Lennox, WJ; Pastelak, AM; Vanderpool, BA | 1 |
| Holmstedt, B; Karlén, B; Kimland, M; Nordgren, I; Palmér, L | 1 |
| Busker, RW; de Lange, J; Melchers, BP; van der Wiel, HJ; van Helden, HP; Wolthuis, OL | 1 |
| Fiekers, JF; Heppner, TJ | 2 |
| Capacio, BR; Koviak, TA; Shih, TM | 1 |
| Dettbarn, WD; Gupta, RC; McLean, MJ; Wamil, AW | 1 |
| Adams, NL; Groff, WA; Vick, JA; von Bredow, JD | 1 |
| Bajgar, J; Fusek, J; Jakl, A; Patocka, J | 1 |
| Goldstein, BD | 1 |
| Shih, TM | 2 |
| Mays, MZ; Murrow, ML; Romano, JA; Terry, MR | 1 |
| Anderson, DR; Harris, LW; Lennox, WJ; Solana, RP; Talbot, BG | 1 |
| Shih, T; Valdes, JJ; Whalley, CE | 1 |
| Bonds, AB; Corbett, GK; DeBruyn, EJ | 1 |
| Culp, DJ; Marin, MG; McBride, RK; Stone, KK; Zwierzynski, DJ | 1 |
| Brecht, KM; Maxwell, DM | 1 |
| Kumamoto, E; Shinnick-Gallagher, P | 1 |
| Anzueto, A; deLemos, RA; Hamil, H; Jenkinson, SG; Johnson, D; Moore, G; Seidenfeld, J | 1 |
| Koplovitz, I; Maxwell, DM | 1 |
| Bataillard, A; Blanchet, G; Sannajust, F; Sassard, J; Sentenac-Roumanou, H; Yoccoz, D | 1 |
| Broxup, BR; Hamilton, MG; Hand, BT; Lundy, PM; Yipchuck, G | 1 |
| Bosković, B; Krtolica, K; Marinković, S; Poznanović, G; Sevaljević, L | 1 |
| Culp, DJ; Marin, MG; McBride, RK; Zwierzynski, D | 1 |
| Clement, JG; Dyck, WR | 1 |
| Crowley, RA; Jaax, NK; Mays, MZ; McDonough, JH; Modrow, HE | 1 |
| Aronstam, RS; Buccafusco, JJ | 2 |
| Nelson, SR; Pazdernik, TL; Samson, FE; Savolainen, KM | 1 |
| van der Wiel, HJ; Van Helden, HP; Wolthuis, OL | 2 |
| Arbogast, H; Auburger, G; Hallek, M; Reithmann, C; Szinicz, L | 1 |
| Doukas, PH; O'Neill, JJ; Sheldon, RJ; Sterling, GH | 1 |
| Benschop, HP; De Bisschop, HC; Johnson, MK; Read, DJ; Willems, JL | 1 |
| Davis, LH; Kauffman, FC; Viana, GB | 1 |
| Aronstam, RS; Buccafusco, JJ; Graham, JH | 1 |
| Churchill, L; Cross, R; Giesler, M; Nelson, SR; Pazdernik, TL; Samson, FE | 1 |
| Churchill, L; Cross, RS; Giesler, MP; Nelson, SR; Pazdernik, TL; Samson, FE | 1 |
| De Jong, LP; Elskamp, RM; Van Dongen, CJ | 1 |
| Benschop, HP; Bijleveld, EC; De Jong, LP; Van der Wiel, HJ; Van Helden, HP | 1 |
| Cohen, Y; Coudray-Lucas, C; Le Guen, A; Prioux-Guyonneau, M; Wepierre, J | 1 |
| Fernando, JC; Ho, IK; Hoskins, B | 1 |
| McDonough, JH; Modrow, HE | 1 |
| Bonds, AB; DeBruyn, EJ; Gajewski, YA | 1 |
| Anderson, DR; Harris, LW; Lennox, WJ; Talbot, BG | 1 |
| Berman, HA; Edery, H | 1 |
| Kuhnen, H; Schoene, K; Schrichten, A | 1 |
| Inns, RH; Leadbeater, L; Rylands, JM | 1 |
| Carchman, RA; Carter, WH; Jones, DE | 2 |
| Booth, RA; Jenden, DJ; Overstreet, DH; Rice, KM; Russell, RW | 1 |
| Johnson, DD; Lowndes, HE | 1 |
| Heath, C; Preston, E | 2 |
| Sakai, Y; Schmidt, G | 1 |
| Sidell, FR | 1 |
| Anthony, A; Doebler, JA; Martin, LJ; Shih, TM; Wall, TJ | 1 |
| Inns, RH; Leadbeater, L | 1 |
| Benschop, HP; Van Helden, HP; Wolthuis, OL | 1 |
| Anthony, A; Bocan, TM; Doebler, JA; Moore, RA; Shih, TM | 1 |
| Tian, WH; Wei, NS; Yang, GF | 1 |
| Adams, N; Broomfield, C; Harris, L; Stitcher, D | 1 |
| Harris, LW; Lennox, WJ; McDonough, JH; Stitcher, DL | 1 |
| Cross, R; McDonough, J; Nelson, S; Pazdernik, TL; Samson, F | 1 |
| Clement, JG; Copeman, HT | 1 |
| Bosković, B; Jovanović, D; Kovacević, V | 1 |
| Cross, RS; Giesler, MP; McDonough, JH; Mewes, K; Nelson, SR; Pazdernik, TL; Samson, FE | 1 |
| Dettbarn, WD | 1 |
| Lundy, PM; Shih, TM | 1 |
| Clement, JG; Filbert, M | 1 |
| Harris, LW; Hey, WC; Stitcher, DL | 1 |
| Clement, JG; Lockwood, PA | 1 |
| Schoene, K | 1 |
| Harris, LW; Heyl, WC; Stitcher, DL | 2 |
| Dola, T; Lipp, J | 1 |
| Dochterman, LW; McDonough, JH; Shih, TM; Smith, CD | 1 |
| Blanchet, G; Bodjarian, N; Carpentier, P; Denoyer, M; Foquin-Tarricone, A; Kamenka, JM; Lallement, G; Lerner-Natoli, M; Rondouin, G | 1 |
| Blick, DW; Brown, GC; Hartgraves, SL; Murphy, MR | 1 |
| Baubichon, D; Blanchet, G; Burckhart, MF; Carpentier, P; Lallement, G; Pernot-Marino, I | 1 |
| Melchers, BP; Philippens, IH; Wolthuis, OL | 1 |
| Baubichon, D; Blanchet, G; Carpentier, P; Foquin-Tarricone, A; Lallement, G; Pernot-Marino, I; Piras, A | 2 |
| Lau, WM | 1 |
| Benschop, HP; Due, AH; Langenberg, JP; Trap, HC | 1 |
| Baubichon, D; Blanchet, G; Bodjarian, N; Carpentier, P; Lallement, G | 1 |
| Clement, JG | 2 |
| Kok, A | 1 |
| Koplovitz, I; Stewart, JR | 1 |
| Nickell, WT; Shipley, MT | 1 |
| Szinicz, L; Worek, F | 1 |
| Sket, D | 1 |
| Beers, ET; Brennecke, LH; Sparenborg, S | 1 |
| McDonough, JH; Shih, TM | 2 |
| Ivanović-Matić, S; Poznanović, G | 1 |
| Cassel, G; Göransson-Nyberg, A; Jeneskog, T; Karlsson, L; Larsson, R; Lundström, M; Persson, SA | 1 |
| Dowling, MH; Paddle, BM | 1 |
| Busker, RW; Groen, B; Melchers, BP; Philippens, IH; Zijlstra, JJ | 1 |
| Kassa, J | 6 |
| Baubichon, D; Blanchet, G; Brochier, G; Clarencon, D; Galonnier, M; Lallement, G; Mestries, JC | 1 |
| Kassa, J; Vachek, J | 1 |
| Baubichon, D; Burckhart, MF; Clarençon, D; Galonnier, M; Lallement, G; Masqueliez, C; Mestries, JC; Peoc'h, M | 1 |
| Cassel, G; Tang, HW | 1 |
| Benschop, HP; De Jong, LP; Langenberg, JP; Spruit, HE; Trap, HC; Van Der Wiel, HJ | 1 |
| Baubichon, D; Burckhart, MF; Clarençon, D; Galonnier, M; Lallement, G; Peoc'h, M | 1 |
| Barrès, C; Bataillard, A; Baubichon, D; Julien, C; Lallement, G; Létienne, R | 1 |
| Baubichon, D; Burckhart, MF; Carpentier, P; Filliat, P; Foquin, A; Lallement, G; Masqueliez, C; Pernot-Marino, I; Perrichon, C | 1 |
| Hänninen, O; Tuovinen, K | 1 |
| Bruijnzeel, PL; Groen, B; Melchers, BP; Olivier, B; Philippens, IH; Vanwersch, RA | 1 |
| Kassa, J; Koupilová, M | 2 |
| Carpentier, P; de Groot, DM; Foquin, A; Lallement, G; Lerner-Natoli, M; Rondouin, G | 1 |
| Baubichon, D; Burckhart, MF; Clarençon, D; Galonnier, M; Jourdil, N; Lallement, G; Peoc'h, M; Renault, F | 1 |
| Fusek, J; Kassa, J | 1 |
| Bierman, EP; Bruijnzeel, PL; Carpentier, P; de Groot, DM; Kulig, BM; Lallement, G; Melchers, BP; Philippens, IH; van Huygevoort, AH | 1 |
| Cassel, G; Göransson-Nyberg, A | 1 |
| Go, ML; Loke, WK; Sim, MK | 2 |
| Albuquerque, EX; Aracava, Y; Castro, NG; Fawcett, WP; Pereira, EF; Randall, WR; Santos, MD | 1 |
| Berti, R; Dave, JR; Koplovitz, I; Price, RA; Schultz, SM; Tortella, FC; Velarde, LC; Williams, AJ; Yao, C | 1 |
| LOOMIS, TA; SALAFSKY, B | 1 |
| HEILBRONN, E; TOLAGEN, B | 1 |
| Kassa, J; Krejcová, G; Samnaliev, I | 1 |
| Clement, RA; Harrison, PK; Tattersall, JE | 1 |
| Green, AC; Harrison, PK; Scott, IR; Sheridan, RD; Tattersall, JE | 1 |
| Benjamin, A; McDonough, JH; McMonagle, JD; Rowland, T; Shih, TM | 1 |
| Newmark, J | 1 |
| Carpentier, P; Dorandeu, F; Foquin, A; Lallement, G | 1 |
| Berger, BJ; Davidson, C; Hamilton, MG; Hill, I; Lecavalier, P; Lundy, PM; Vair, C; Weatherby, KL | 1 |
| Cassel, G; Svensson, I; Waara, L | 1 |
| Baubichon, D; Bernabé, D; Burckhart, MF; Carpentier, P; Dorandeu, F; Four, E; Lallement, G | 1 |
| Cho, Y; Choi, EK; Huang, ZZ; Hwang, SY; Kang, JK; Kim, JC; Kim, WS; Kim, YB; Nam, SY; Park, SH; Shin, S | 1 |
| Aas, P; Enger, S; Myhrer, T | 2 |
| Bellier, B; Breton, P; Daulon, S; Delamanche, S; Taysse, L | 1 |
| Adler, M; Albuquerque, EX; Aracava, Y; Fawcett, WP; Hamilton, TA; Kan, RK; Oliveira, M; Pereira, EF; Randall, WR; Romano, JA | 1 |
| Kellar, KJ | 1 |
| Armstrong, S; Mumford, H; Price, M; Scott, L; Wetherell, J | 1 |
| Baille, V; Carpentier, P; Dorandeu, F; Lallement, G; Mikler, J; Sawyer, T; Testylier, G | 1 |
| Karasova, J; Kassa, J | 1 |
| Bajgar, J; Jun, D; Kassa, J; Kuca, K | 1 |
| Hrobak, PK | 1 |
| Joosen, MJ; Jousma, E; Kuijpers, WC; Lucassen, PJ; Smit, AB; van den Boom, TM; van Helden, HP | 1 |
| Akkerman, M; Albuquerque, EX; Alkondon, M; Aracava, Y; Merchenthaler, I; Pereira, EF | 1 |
| Karasova, JZ; Kassa, J; Kuca, K; Musilek, K; Tesarova, S | 1 |
| Joosen, MJ; Smit, AB; van Helden, HP | 1 |
| Doctor, BP; Marshall, S; Morthole, V; Nambiar, MP; Oguntayo, S; Perkins, MW; Pierre, Z; Rezk, P; Sciuto, AM; Song, J | 1 |
| Liu, L; Mikler, J; Stewart, C; Wang, Y; Weiss, T | 1 |
| Kassa, J; Kuca, K; Pikula, J; Pohanka, M | 1 |
| Bhattacharya, BK; Kumar, S; RamaRao, G; Waghmare, CK | 1 |
| Bajgar, J; Kassa, J; Koomlova, M; Musilek, K | 1 |
| Cho, Y; Ha, YC; Hur, GH; Kim, WS | 1 |
| Baille, V; Barbier, L; Beaup, C; Carpentier, P; Dhote, F; Dorandeu, F; Foquin, A; Peinnequin, A; Pernot, F; Testylier, G | 1 |
| Auta, J; Brown, A; Doctor, BP; Guiodotti, A; Jensen, N; Nambiar, MP; Oguntayo, S; Wang, Y; Wei, Y; Wood, E | 1 |
| Carpentier, P; Dorandeu, F; Fauvelle, F; Foquin, A; Testylier, G | 1 |
| Doctor, BP; Nambiar, MP; Oguntayo, S; Perkins, MW; Pierre, Z; Sabnekar, P; Sciuto, AM; Song, J; Soojhawon, I | 1 |
| Apland, JP; Aroniadou-Anderjaska, V; Braga, MF; Figueiredo, TH; Green, CE; Qashu, F; Swezey, R; Yang, C | 1 |
| Acharya, J; Afley, P; Bhattacharya, BK; RamaRao, G | 1 |
| Almeida-Suhett, CP; Apland, JP; Aroniadou-Anderjaska, V; Braga, MF; Figueiredo, TH; Miller, SL; Prager, EM | 1 |
| Barbier, L; Beaup, C; Canini, F; Denis, J; Dorandeu, F; Foquin, A; Giroud, C; Maury, R; Peinnequin, A | 1 |
| Bird, M; Docx, CJ; Fairhall, SJ; Flint, DP; Green, AC; Poole, SJC; Price, ME; Rice, H; Tattersall, JEH; Timperley, CM; Whiley, L | 1 |
| Hamelink, J; Joosen, MJA; Klaassen, SD; van den Berg, RM; Vester, SM | 1 |
| Ćetković, SS; Dobrić, S; Jeremić, D; Škrbić, R; Stojiljković, MP; Vulović, M | 1 |
| Acharya, J; Dubey, DK; Golime, R; Palit, M | 1 |
| Bird, M; Green, AC; Kassa, J; Tattersall, JEH; Timperley, CM; Williams, RL | 1 |
| Cornelissen, AS; Hesseling, P; Joosen, MJA; Klaassen, SD; Lucassen, PJ; Meerhoff, GF; Vester, SM | 1 |
| Bokonjić, D; Jokanović, M; Kilibarda, V; Škrbić, R; Stojiljković, MP; Vulović, M | 1 |
| Kassa, J; Zdarova Karasova, J | 1 |
| Almanza, A; Bryant, E; Carlo, AM; Corson, BE; Gage, M; Kharate, M; Mafuta, C; Massey, N; Meyer, C; Ostrander, M; Rao, NS; Samidurai, M; Showman, L; Thippeswamy, T; Trevino, L; Vasanthi, SS; Wachter, L; Wang, C; Wohlgemuth, M | 1 |
1 review(s) available for atropine and soman
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Therapy for nerve agent poisoning.
Topics: Antidotes; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Humans; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Neurotoxins; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Sarin; Soman | 2004 |
1 trial(s) available for atropine and soman
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Soman and sarin: clinical manifestations and treatment of accidental poisoning by organophosphates.
Topics: Adult; Antidotes; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Cyanosis; Depression; Electrocardiography; Epistaxis; Humans; Insecticides; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Placebos; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridinium Compounds; Respiration; Sarin; Scopolamine; Soman; Sulfisoxazole; Tachycardia; Time Factors | 1974 |
195 other study(ies) available for atropine and soman
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
The protection of primates against soman poisoning by pretreatment with pyridostigmine.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Callitrichinae; Cholinesterases; Female; Haplorhini; Lethal Dose 50; Macaca mulatta; Male; Organophosphate Poisoning; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Soman; Time Factors | 1979 |
Effect of atropine upon the cerebrovascular system during soman-induced respiratory depression.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Electroencephalography; Female; Haplorhini; Hemodynamics; Macaca mulatta; Male; Organophosphorus Compounds; Respiratory Insufficiency; Soman; Time Factors | 1978 |
The prophylactic use of l-methyl, 2-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium methanesulfonate (P2S) in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Guinea Pigs; Lethal Dose 50; Mesylates; Organophosphate Poisoning; Pralidoxime Compounds; Rabbits; Sarin; Soman; Time Factors | 1977 |
Therapeutic effects of the bis-pyridinium salts HGG-12, HGG-42, and atropine, benactyzine in organophosphate poisoning of dogs.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Atropine; Benactyzine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Creatine Kinase; Dogs; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pyridinium Compounds; Sarin; Soman | 1979 |
The influence of 2-/o-cresyl/-4 H-1 : 3 : 2-benzodioxa-phosphorin-2-oxide (CBDP) on organophosphate poisoning and its therapy.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain; Cyclic P-Oxides; Drug Interactions; Liver; Male; Mice; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Sarin; Soman; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1979 |
Effect of atropine and/or physostigmine on cerebral acetylcholine in rats poisoned with soman.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Drug Interactions; Male; Neostigmine; Organophosphate Poisoning; Physostigmine; Rats; Soman | 1978 |
A comparison of the oximes HS-6 and HI-6 in the therapy of soman intoxication in rodents.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Drug Synergism; Female; Male; Mice; Neuromuscular Junction; Organophosphate Poisoning; Oximes; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Respiration; Soman | 1978 |
Successful oxime therapy one hour after soman intoxication in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterases; Diaphragm; Male; Muscle Contraction; Organophosphate Poisoning; Oximes; Phrenic Nerve; Rats; Soman; Time Factors | 1978 |
Effects of pyridostigmine and cholinolytics on cholinesterase and acetylcholine in Soman poisoned rats.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Benactyzine; Brain; Cholinesterases; Male; Organophosphate Poisoning; Parasympatholytics; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats; Soman; Time Factors | 1978 |
Further studies on the therapy of organophosphorous anti-cholinesterase intoxication with veratrinic compounds; the role of calcium.
Topics: Animals; Anthracenes; Atropine; Calcium; Carboxylic Acids; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Edetic Acid; Male; Muscles; Organophosphate Poisoning; Poisoning; Postmortem Changes; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Respiratory Paralysis; Soman; Veratrine | 1975 |
Effect of atropine upon the cardiovascular system during soman-induced respiratory depression.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Clonazepam; Depression, Chemical; Doxapram; Electroencephalography; Female; Haplorhini; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Intracranial Pressure; Isoproterenol; Macaca mulatta; Male; Organophosphorus Compounds; Respiration; Soman | 1976 |
The dependence of the blood level of the oxime HS-6 on the severity of organophosphate poisoning.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Rats; Soman | 1976 |
Therapeutic effects of HS-3, HS-6, benactyzine, and atropine in soman poisoning of dogs.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Atropine; Benactyzine; Creatine Kinase; Dogs; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Kinetics; Male; Organophosphate Poisoning; Poisoning; Pralidoxime Compounds; Soman | 1976 |
Studies on the mechanism of the protective and antidotal actions of diazepam in organophosphate poisoning.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Depression, Chemical; Diazepam; Drug Interactions; Heart Rate; Organophosphate Poisoning; Rabbits; Respiration; Soman; Time Factors | 1975 |
Influence of medial septal cholinoceptive cells on c-Fos-like proteins induced by soman.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Behavior, Animal; Histocytochemistry; Injections; Male; Neurons; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Cholinergic; Seizures; Septum Pellucidum; Soman; Tissue Distribution | 1992 |
Potential of memantine, D-tubocurarine, and atropine in preventing acute toxic myopathy induced by organophosphate nerve agents: soman, sarin, tabun and VX.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Acute Disease; Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Male; Memantine; Muscular Diseases; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sarin; Soman; Tubocurarine | 1992 |
Protection of guinea pigs against soman poisoning with ferrocene carbamate.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Cholinesterases; Diazepam; Ferrous Compounds; Guinea Pigs; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Metallocenes; Organometallic Compounds; Oximes; Physostigmine; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman | 1992 |
Effects of paraldehyde on the convulsions induced by administration of soman in rats.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Male; Paraldehyde; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Soman | 1992 |
Behavioral performance, brain histology, and EEG sequela after immediate combined atropine/diazepam treatment of soman-intoxicated rats.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Avoidance Learning; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Diazepam; Electroencephalography; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Seizures; Soman | 1992 |
Acetylcholinesterase inhibition and anti-soman efficacy of homologs of physostigmine.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Physostigmine; Soman; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1992 |
Intoxications with anticholinesterases: effect of different combinations of antidotes on the dynamics of acetylcholine in mouse brain.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Male; Mice; Oximes; Poisoning; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman | 1992 |
Therapeutic efficacy of HI-6 in soman-poisoned marmoset monkeys.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Brain; Butyrylcholinesterase; Callithrix; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diaphragm; Diazepam; Enzyme Activation; Oximes; Poisoning; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman | 1992 |
Comparison of atropine pre- and post-treatment in ganglion neurons exposed to soman.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Ganglia; In Vitro Techniques; Membrane Potentials; Neurons; Rana catesbeiana; Soman | 1992 |
The effects of irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on transmission through sympathetic ganglia of the bullfrog.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Rana catesbeiana; Sarin; Soman; Synaptic Transmission | 1991 |
Anticonvulsants for poisoning by the organophosphorus compound soman: pharmacological mechanisms.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anticonvulsants; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Diazepam; Disease Models, Animal; Dizocilpine Maleate; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Male; Oximes; Parasympatholytics; Poisoning; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Seizures; Soman | 1991 |
Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of memantine against seizures produced by soman in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Male; Memantine; Mice; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Seizures; Soman; Time Factors | 1992 |
Effectiveness of oral pyridostigmine pretreatment and cholinolytic-oxime therapy against soman intoxication in nonhuman primates.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Benactyzine; Drug Combinations; Female; Lethal Dose 50; Macaca mulatta; Male; Parasympatholytics; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Soman; Trimedoxime | 1991 |
Efficacy of various pretreatment and therapy regimens against soman lethality in mice.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Diazepam; Female; Male; Mice; Obidoxime Chloride; Poisoning; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Soman; Trihexyphenidyl; Trimedoxime | 1991 |
Effects of acute administration of soman on spinal cord reflexes in the cat.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cats; Electric Stimulation; Female; Male; Mecamylamine; Reflex, Monosynaptic; Soman; Spinal Cord; Spinal Nerve Roots | 1991 |
Cholinergic actions of diazepam and atropine sulfate in soman poisoning.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Diazepam; Erythrocytes; Male; Motor Activity; Organ Specificity; Parasympathomimetics; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Seizures; Soman | 1991 |
Protection from lethality and behavioral incapacitation resulting from intoxication by soman (pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate) and treatment with atropine sulfate and 2-PAM chloride in the guinea pig, cavia porcellus.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Avoidance Learning; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Drug Therapy, Combination; Guinea Pigs; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Pralidoxime Compounds; Soman | 1991 |
Physostigmine (alone and together with adjunct) pretreatment against soman, sarin, tabun and VX intoxication.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Benztropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Female; Guinea Pigs; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Physostigmine; Sarin; Soman; Trihexyphenidyl | 1991 |
A comparison of cholinergic effects of HI-6 and pralidoxime-2-chloride (2-PAM) in soman poisoning.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Cholinesterases; Drug Interactions; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Oximes; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridinium Compounds; Quinuclidinyl Benzilate; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Muscarinic; Soman | 1991 |
Pretreatment with physostigmine, mecamylamine and atropine reduces the impact of soman on the cortical visual evoked potential of the cat.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cats; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Depression, Chemical; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials, Visual; Mecamylamine; Physostigmine; Soman; Time Factors; Visual Cortex | 1991 |
Variable effects of soman on macromolecular secretion by ferret trachea.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Ferrets; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Organ Culture Techniques; Pralidoxime Compounds; Soman; Sulfates; Sulfur Radioisotopes; Trachea | 1991 |
The role of carboxylesterase in species variation of oxime protection against soman.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guinea Pigs; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Oximes; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman; Species Specificity | 1991 |
Anticonvulsant effects of diazepam and MK-801 in soman poisoning.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Antidotes; Atropine; Diazepam; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Soman | 1990 |
Action of an irreversible acetylcholine esterase inhibitor, soman, on muscarinic hyperpolarization in cat bladder parasympathetic ganglia.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Cats; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Electric Stimulation; Female; Ganglia, Parasympathetic; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscle Contraction; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Receptors, Muscarinic; Receptors, Nicotinic; Soman | 1990 |
Acute inhalation toxicity of soman and sarin in baboons.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Airway Resistance; Animals; Apnea; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Diaphragm; Heart Block; Hemodynamics; Hypoxia; Injections, Intravenous; Lung; Neutrophils; Organophosphorus Compounds; Papio; Respiration; Sarin; Soman | 1990 |
Effect of endogenous carboxylesterase on HI-6 protection against soman toxicity.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guinea Pigs; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Subcutaneous; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman; Species Specificity | 1990 |
Cardiovascular consequences of organophosphorus poisoning and of antidotes in conscious unrestrained rats.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antidotes; Atropine; Benzodiazepines; Benzodiazepinones; Blood Pressure; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Male; Organophosphate Poisoning; Paraoxon; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Soman | 1990 |
Distribution of the bispyridinium oxime [14C] HI-6 in male and female rats.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Autoradiography; Female; Male; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sex Factors; Soman; Tissue Distribution | 1990 |
Soman intoxication-induced increase in the levels of mRNAs coding for acute phase reactants.
Topics: Acute-Phase Proteins; Acute-Phase Reaction; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Liver; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oximes; Protein Biosynthesis; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA, Messenger; Serum Albumin; Soman; Turpentine | 1987 |
Effects of soman and its antidotes on tracheal mucociliary transport of ferrets.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Carbon Dioxide; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Ferrets; Heart Rate; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Mucociliary Clearance; Oxygen; Partial Pressure; Pralidoxime Compounds; Reference Values; Soman; Trachea | 1989 |
Device for quantitating tremor activity in mice: antitremor activity of atropine versus soman- and oxotremorine-induced tremors.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Isometric Contraction; Male; Mice; Oxotremorine; Seizures; Soman; Transducers; Tremor | 1989 |
Atropine and/or diazepam therapy protects against soman-induced neural and cardiac pathology.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Body Weight; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diazepam; Drug Interactions; Heart Diseases; Male; Motor Activity; Nervous System Diseases; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Soman | 1989 |
Adrenergic agonists protect against soman, an irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Injections, Subcutaneous; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Soman; Sympathomimetics | 1987 |
Soman-induced convulsions affect the inositol lipid signaling system: potentiation by lithium; attenuation by atropine and diazepam.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain; Diazepam; Drug Interactions; Lithium; Male; Phosphatidylinositols; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Seizures; Signal Transduction; Soman | 1988 |
Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of the soman-simulator, pinacolyl dimethylphosphinate.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Injections, Intravenous; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Neuromuscular Junction; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Soman; Synaptic Transmission; Time Factors | 1986 |
Retention of soman in rats, guinea-pigs and marmosets: species-dependent effects of the soman simulator, pinacolyl dimethylphosphinate (PDP).
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Callitrichinae; Electrophorus; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Muscles; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman; Species Specificity | 1988 |
Studies on the role of central catecholaminergic mechanisms in the antidotal effect of the oxime HI 6 in soman poisoned mice.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain Chemistry; Catecholamines; Cholinesterases; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Motor Activity; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman | 1988 |
In vivo protection against soman toxicity by known inhibitors of acetylcholine synthesis in vitro.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Hemicholinium 3; Kinetics; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Pralidoxime Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Soman; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1988 |
High doses of soman protect against organophosphorus-induced delayed polyneuropathy but tabun does not.
Topics: Animals; Ataxia; Atropine; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Chickens; Diazepam; Drug Interactions; Female; Isoflurophate; Isomerism; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Physostigmine; Soman | 1988 |
Effects of organophosphates and nerve growth factor on muscarinic receptor binding number in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterases; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; N-Methylscopolamine; Nerve Growth Factors; Organophosphorus Compounds; Pheochromocytoma; Phosphorylation; Physostigmine; Rats; Receptors, Muscarinic; Scopolamine Derivatives; Soman; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1988 |
Behavioral effects of toxic doses of soman, an organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor, in the rat: protection afforded by clonidine.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Behavior, Animal; Cholinergic Fibers; Clonidine; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Rats; Soman | 1988 |
Effects of antidotes on soman-induced brain changes.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Benactyzine; Brain; Diazepam; Glucose; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Seizures; Soman | 1986 |
Cholinergic systems influence local cerebral glucose use in specific anatomical areas: diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate versus soman.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Benactyzine; Brain; Cholinergic Fibers; Glucose; Isoflurophate; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Soman; Trimedoxime | 1987 |
Influence of atropine upon reactivation and ageing of rat and human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase inhibited by soman.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Erythrocyte Aging; Erythrocyte Membrane; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Soman | 1987 |
Toxicokinetics of the four stereoisomers of the nerve agent soman in atropinized rats--influence of a soman simulator.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Half-Life; Hematocrit; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Soman; Stereoisomerism | 1987 |
Changes in brain monoamine content and metabolism induced by paraoxon and soman intoxication. Effect of atropine.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Behavior, Animal; Biogenic Amines; Brain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Male; Paraoxon; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Soman | 1987 |
Hypersensitivity to antimuscarinic agents following brief exposure to Soman and Sarin.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Atropine Derivatives; Drug Hypersensitivity; Male; Organophosphorus Compounds; Parasympatholytics; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sarin; Soman; Stereotyped Behavior; Tremor | 1986 |
Change in atropine dose effect curve after subacute soman administration.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Conditioning, Operant; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Extinction, Psychological; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Muscarinic; Reinforcement Schedule; Soman | 1986 |
Clonidine protection from the toxicity of soman, an organophosphate acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, in the mouse.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Kinetics; Male; Mice; Receptors, Muscarinic; Soman | 1986 |
Anticholinesterase agents affect contrast gain of the cat cortical visual evoked potential.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Cats; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Evoked Potentials, Visual; Isoflurophate; Physostigmine; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Soman; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception | 1986 |
Relationship between reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibition and efficacy against soman lethality.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Mecamylamine; Organophosphorus Compounds; Physostigmine; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats; Soman | 1985 |
Yohimbine antagonism of the vasodepression elicited by organophosphates applied on ventral medulla oblongata.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Cats; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Electrocardiography; Female; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Norepinephrine; Organophosphorus Compounds; Respiration; Sarin; Soman; Yohimbine | 1985 |
Influence of atropine upon ageing and reactivation of soman inhibited acetylcholinesterase from human erythrocytes. Preliminary communication.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Erythrocytes; Humans; Soman | 1985 |
Treatment of poisoning by soman.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Carbamates; Diazepam; Guinea Pigs; Male; Motor Activity; Organophosphate Poisoning; Parasympatholytics; Phenylpropionates; Physostigmine; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Sarin; Soman; Time Factors | 1985 |
Application of response surface methods for evaluating the interactions of soman, atropine, and pralidioxime chloride.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Drug Interactions; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Models, Biological; Pralidoxime Compounds; Soman | 1985 |
Assessing pyridostigmine efficacy by response surface modeling.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Models, Biological; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Soman | 1985 |
Unexpected synergism between an alkylating analog of oxotremorine and soman.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Atropine Derivatives; Body Temperature; Brain; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Drug Synergism; Oxotremorine; Parasympatholytics; Pyrrolidinones; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Soman | 1985 |
Reduction by diazepam of repetitive electrical activity and toxicity resulting from soman.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diazepam; Drug Synergism; Electrophysiology; Evoked Potentials; In Vitro Techniques; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Tonus; Nerve Endings; Neuromuscular Junction; Phrenic Nerve; Rabbits; Rats; Seizures; Soman | 1974 |
Atropine-insensitive vasodilatation and hypotension in the organophosphate-poisoned rabbit.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Blood Vessels; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Forelimb; Heart Rate; Hypotension; Isoflurophate; Organophosphate Poisoning; Rabbits; Respiration, Artificial; Sarin; Soman; Vascular Resistance; Vasodilator Agents | 1972 |
Depression of the vasomotor system in rabbits poisoned with an organophosphate anticholinesterase.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Blood Vessels; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Forelimb; Hypotension; Muscle Tonus; Nervous System; Organophosphate Poisoning; Rabbits; Soman; Vascular Resistance; Vasomotor System | 1972 |
[Different effects of organophosphorus compounds Paraoxon and Soman on the discharge rate in single fibers of the rat phrenic nerve].
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Insecticides; Male; Neural Conduction; Neurons; Paraoxon; Phrenic Nerve; Rats; Soman | 1973 |
Effects of HI-6 on brain neuronal RNA and acetylcholinesterase: metabolic responses during acute soman intoxication.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Cerebral Cortex; Cholinesterases; Corpus Striatum; Drug Interactions; Male; Neurons; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA; Soman | 1984 |
The efficacy of bispyridinium derivatives in the treatment of organophosphonate poisoning in the guinea-pig.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Diazepam; Female; Guinea Pigs; Obidoxime Chloride; Organophosphate Poisoning; Pyridinium Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Soman | 1983 |
New simulators in the prophylaxis against soman poisoning: structural specificity for the depot site(s).
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Male; Neuromuscular Junction; Organophosphate Poisoning; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Soman; Structure-Activity Relationship; Synaptic Transmission | 1984 |
Brain neuronal RNA metabolism during acute soman toxication: effects of antidotal pretreatments.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain; Caudate Nucleus; Cerebral Cortex; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Male; Neurons; Organophosphorus Compounds; Physostigmine; Pralidoxime Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA; Soman | 1983 |
[Effects of artificial respiration, Maintaining blood pressure and atropine on soman-induced respiratory depression in rabbits (author's transl)].
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Medulla Oblongata; Organophosphorus Compounds; Rabbits; Respiration; Respiration, Artificial; Soman | 1981 |
Detoxification of soman and o-cyclopentyl-s-diethylaminoethyl methylphosphonothioate in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Esterases; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Inactivation, Metabolic; Macaca fascicularis; Male; Mecamylamine; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rabbits; Rats; Soman; Time Factors | 1984 |
Protection against both lethal and behavioral effects of soman.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Behavior, Animal; Conditioning, Operant; Extinction, Psychological; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mecamylamine; Organophosphorus Compounds; Postural Balance; Psychomotor Performance; Rats; Reinforcement Schedule; Soman | 1984 |
Soman-induced depression of brain activity in TAB-pretreated rats: 2-deoxyglucose study.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Benactyzine; Brain; Deoxyglucose; Depression, Chemical; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; Male; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Rats; Seizures; Soman; Trimedoxime | 1983 |
Soman and sarin induce a long-lasting naloxone-reversible analgesia in mice.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Atropine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hot Temperature; Male; Mice; Naloxone; Organophosphorus Compounds; Reaction Time; Sarin; Soman | 1984 |
PAM-2 Cl, HI-6, and HGG-12 in soman and tabun poisoning.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Diazepam; Dogs; Guinea Pigs; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Oximes; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Soman; Species Specificity | 1984 |
Soman induced changes in brain regional glucose use.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Benactyzine; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Deoxyglucose; Echothiophate Iodide; Glucose; Neostigmine; Organophosphorus Compounds; Rats; Seizures; Soman; Trimedoxime | 1984 |
Pesticide induced muscle necrosis: mechanisms and prevention.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Echothiophate Iodide; Gentamicins; Insecticides; Male; Manganese; Muscular Diseases; Necrosis; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Soman; Synapses; Time Factors | 1984 |
Examination of the role of central cholinergic mechanisms in the therapeutic effects of HI-6 in organophosphate poisoning.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain; Injections, Intraventricular; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sarin; Soman | 1983 |
Antidote effect of sodium fluoride against organophosphate poisoning in mice.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Drug Interactions; Fluorides; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Sodium Fluoride; Soman | 1983 |
Effects of inhibitors of acetylcholine synthesis on brain acetylcholine and survival in soman-intoxicated animals.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Brain; Hemicholinium 3; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Naphthylvinylpyridine; Organophosphorus Compounds; Pyridines; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Soman | 1982 |
HI-6, an oxime which is an effective antidote of soman poisoning: a structure-activity study.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterases; Male; Mice; Organophosphate Poisoning; Oximes; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1982 |
Pyridinium salts as organophosphate antagonists.
Topics: Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Kinetics; Paraoxon; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1980 |
Protection and induced reactivation of cholinesterase by HS-6 in rabbits exposed to soman.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Cholinesterases; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Organophosphate Poisoning; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rabbits; Soman; Time Factors | 1981 |
The effects of pretreatments with carbamates, atropine and mecamylamine on survival and on soman-induced alterations in rat and rabbit brain acetylcholine.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Benactyzine; Brain Chemistry; Carbamates; Male; Mecamylamine; Neostigmine; Organophosphorus Compounds; Physostigmine; Rabbits; Rats; Soman; Time Factors | 1980 |
comparison of the efficacy of HS-6 versus HI-6 when combined with atropine, pyridostigmine and clonazepam for soman poisoning in the monkey.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterases; Clonazepam; Electroencephalography; Female; Heart Rate; Macaca mulatta; Male; Organophosphate Poisoning; Oximes; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridinium Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Respiration; Soman | 1980 |
Protection against nerve agent-induced neuropathology, but not cardiac pathology, is associated with the anticonvulsant action of drug treatment.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Brain; Diazepam; Heart; Male; Myocardium; Neuroprotective Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Scopolamine; Seizures; Soman; Time Factors | 1995 |
Anticonvulsant and antilethal effects of the phencyclidine derivative TCP in soman poisoning.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Electroencephalography; Guinea Pigs; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Phencyclidine; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Soman | 1994 |
Treatment of nerve gas poisoning.
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Antidotes; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Gases; Humans; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Respiratory Protective Devices; Sarin; Soman | 1995 |
Primate performance decrements following acute soman exposure: failure of chemical countermeasures.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Cholinesterases; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Macaca mulatta; Male; Pralidoxime Compounds; Psychomotor Performance; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Soman | 1994 |
Modulation of soman-induced neuropathology with an anticonvulsant regimen.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Hippocampus; Male; Olfactory Pathways; Phencyclidine; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, AMPA; Seizures; Soman | 1994 |
Efficacy of HI-6 and HLö-7 in preventing incapacitation following nerve agent poisoning.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Behavior, Animal; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Conditioning, Operant; Electroencephalography; Guinea Pigs; Lethal Dose 50; Organophosphates; Oximes; Pyridines; Pyridinium Compounds; Respiratory Mechanics; Soman | 1994 |
Antiepileptic effects of NBQX against soman-induced seizures.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Male; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Muscarinic; Soman | 1994 |
Coadministration of atropine, NBQX and TCP against soman-induced seizures.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Drug Synergism; Electroencephalography; Male; Phencyclidine; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, AMPA; Seizures; Soman | 1994 |
Protection by tacrine and some adjuncts against the depressant effects of soman in guinea-pig atrium.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Female; Glycopyrrolate; Guinea Pigs; Heart Atria; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Oximes; Parasympatholytics; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman; Tacrine | 1993 |
Toxicokinetics of soman stereoisomers after subcutaneous administration to atropinized guinea pigs.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Biological Availability; Guinea Pigs; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Models, Biological; Soman; Stereoisomerism | 1994 |
Cholinergic activation of phosphoinositide metabolism during soman-induced seizures.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Autonomic Pathways; Biotransformation; Electroencephalography; Hippocampus; Inosine Triphosphate; Male; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Phosphatidylinositols; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Soman | 1993 |
Experimentally induced mortality following repeated measurement of rectal temperature in mice.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Body Temperature; Hypothermia; Male; Mice; Oxotremorine; Receptors, Muscarinic; Rectum; Soman; Thermometers | 1993 |
REM sleep pathways and anticholinesterase intoxication: a mechanism for nerve agent-induced, central respiratory failure.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Models, Biological; Respiratory Insufficiency; Respiratory Muscles; Sleep, REM; Soman | 1993 |
A comparison of the efficacy of HI6 and 2-PAM against soman, tabun, sarin, and VX in the rabbit.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Diazepam; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Poisoning; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridinium Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rabbits; Sarin; Soman; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms | 1994 |
Evidence for presynaptic inhibition of the olfactory commissural pathway by cholinergic agonists and stimulation of the nucleus of the diagonal band.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Male; Microinjections; Olfactory Bulb; Olfactory Pathways; Parasympathomimetics; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Soman; Synapses | 1993 |
Atropine and oxime treatment in lethal soman poisoning of anaesthetized guinea-pigs: HLö 7 dimethanesulfonate versus HI 6 dichloride.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Anesthesia; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythrocytes; Female; Guinea Pigs; Hemodynamics; Oximes; Poisoning; Pyridines; Pyridinium Compounds; Respiration; Soman | 1993 |
Efficacy of antidotes against soman poisoning in female physostigmine-protected rats.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain; Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Muscles; Oximes; Physostigmine; Poisoning; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman | 1993 |
Pharmacological nature of soman-induced hypothermia in mice.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Body Temperature; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Hypothalamus; Hypothermia; Male; Mecamylamine; Mice; Nicotine; Obidoxime Chloride; Oximes; Oxotremorine; Physostigmine; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman | 1993 |
Pharmacological dissociation of the motor and electrical aspects of convulsive status epilepticus induced by the cholinesterase inhibitor soman.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diazepam; Electroencephalography; Guinea Pigs; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Male; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Scopolamine; Soman; Status Epilepticus | 1993 |
Pharmacological modulation of soman-induced seizures.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Behavior, Animal; Benactyzine; Diazepam; Dizocilpine Maleate; Electrodes, Implanted; Electroencephalography; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Seizures; Soman; Trihexyphenidyl | 1993 |
HI-6 therapy and the acute phase response in the rat.
Topics: Acute-Phase Proteins; Acute-Phase Reaction; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Blood Proteins; Blotting, Northern; Corticosterone; Immunoelectrophoresis; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Liver; Male; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Soman; Turpentine | 1996 |
Treatment of organophosphate poisoning in pigs: antidote administration by a new binary autoinjector.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Drug Combinations; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Jet; Male; Organophosphate Poisoning; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman; Swine | 1995 |
Blockade of cardiac nicotinic responses by anticholinesterases.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Carbamates; Catecholamines; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Edrophonium; Female; Guinea Pigs; Heart; Heart Atria; Heart Rate; In Vitro Techniques; Myocardial Contraction; Nicotine; Nicotinic Antagonists; Soman; Tacrine | 1996 |
Comparison of the efficacy of single or repeated HI-6 treatment following soman poisoning in guinea pigs and marmoset monkeys.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Area Under Curve; Atropine; Avoidance Learning; Behavior, Animal; Callithrix; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Cholinesterases; Electroencephalography; Female; Guinea Pigs; Half-Life; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Subcutaneous; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurophysiology; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman | 1996 |
Importance of cholinolytic drug selection for the efficacy of HI-6 against soman in rats.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Benactyzine; Biperiden; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Corticosterone; Diaphragm; Drug Interactions; Liver; Male; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman; Stress, Physiological; Tyrosine Transaminase | 1997 |
Efficacy of atropine/pralidoxime/diazepam or atropine/HI-6/prodiazepam in primates intoxicated by soman.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diazepam; Dipeptides; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiography; Electroencephalography; Macaca fascicularis; Male; Oximes; Poisoning; Pralidoxime Compounds; Prodrugs; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman | 1997 |
[The effect of parasympatholytics on the therapeutic effectiveness of the oxime HI-6 against organophosphorus compounds (Soman, substance VX, Fosdrin) in mice].
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Benactyzine; Biperiden; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Male; Mevinphos; Mice; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Parasympatholytics; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman | 1997 |
[Comparison of the effect of selected cholinesterase reactivators combined with atropine on soman and fosdrin toxicity in mice].
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Insecticides; Male; Mevinphos; Mice; Poisoning; Soman | 1995 |
Nerve agent poisoning in primates: antilethal, anti-epileptic and neuroprotective effects of GK-11.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Cyclohexanes; Cyclohexenes; Diazepam; Drug Combinations; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Injections, Intravenous; Macaca fascicularis; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neuroprotective Agents; Piperidines; Pralidoxime Compounds; Seizures; Soman; Staining and Labeling; Time Factors | 1998 |
[The effect of pharmacologic prophylaxis with Panpal on acetylcholinesterase activity in the diaphragm and various parts of the brain in rats during treated and untreated Soman poisoning].
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Benactyzine; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Diaphragm; Drug Combinations; Male; Oximes; Poisoning; Pyridinium Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman; Trihexyphenidyl | 1998 |
A comparison of the efficacy of new asymmetric bispyridinium oxime BI-6 with other oximes (obidoxime, HI-6) against soman in rats.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Cholinesterases; Diaphragm; Drug Therapy, Combination; Liver; Male; Obidoxime Chloride; Oximes; Poisoning; Pyridines; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman; Tyrosine Transaminase | 1998 |
Effect of soman on N-methyl-D-aspartate-stimulated [3H]norepinephrine release from rat cortical slices.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Cerebral Cortex; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; In Vitro Techniques; N-Methylaspartate; Nicotinic Antagonists; Norepinephrine; Parasympathomimetics; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Soman; Stimulation, Chemical; Tubocurarine | 1998 |
Low level nose-only exposure to the nerve agent soman: toxicokinetics of soman stereoisomers and cholinesterase inhibition in atropinized guinea pigs.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Atropine; Carboxylesterase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Erythrocytes; Guinea Pigs; Male; Soman; Stereoisomerism; Time Factors | 1998 |
Acute soman poisoning in primates neither pretreated nor receiving immediate therapy: value of gacyclidine (GK-11) in delayed medical support.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Cyclohexanes; Cyclohexenes; Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiography; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Haplorhini; Macaca fascicularis; Male; Piperidines; Poisoning; Pralidoxime Compounds; Seizures; Soman; Time Factors | 1999 |
[Comparison of the effects of BI-6, a new asymmetric bipyridine oxime, with HI-6 oxime and obidoxime in combination with atropine on soman and fosdrine toxicity in mice].
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Insecticides; Male; Mevinphos; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Obidoxime Chloride; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman | 1999 |
Soman-induced hypertension in conscious rats is mediated by prolonged central muscarinic stimulation.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Atropine Derivatives; Blood Pressure; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diazepam; Electroencephalography; Heart Rate; Hypertension; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Soman | 1999 |
Memory impairment after soman intoxication in rat: correlation with central neuropathology. Improvement with anticholinergic and antiglutamatergic therapeutics.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Behavior, Animal; Cholinergic Antagonists; Convulsants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Hippocampus; Male; Maze Learning; Memory Disorders; Neuroprotective Agents; Phencyclidine; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman; Spatial Behavior; Survival Rate; Time Factors | 1999 |
Protection of mice against soman by pretreatment with eptastigmine and physostigmine.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Cerebellum; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Convulsants; Lethal Dose 50; Lung; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred DBA; Physostigmine; Soman | 1999 |
Subchronic physostigmine pretreatment in marmosets: absence of side effects and effectiveness against soman poisoning with negligible postintoxication incapacitation.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Avoidance Learning; Behavior, Animal; Callithrix; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology; Evoked Potentials, Visual; Female; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Physostigmine; Reflex, Startle; Soman | 2000 |
Neuroprotective effects of antidotes in soman-poisoned rats.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Male; Nervous System; Obidoxime Chloride; Poisoning; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman | 1999 |
Efficacy of biperiden and atropine as anticonvulsant treatment for organophosphorus nerve agent intoxication.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Biperiden; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electroencephalography; Guinea Pigs; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Sarin; Seizures; Soman | 2000 |
Effects of atropine sulphate on seizure activity and brain damage produced by soman in guinea-pigs: ECoG correlates of neuropathology.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Convulsants; Electroencephalography; Guinea Pigs; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Seizures; Soman | 2000 |
Compared efficacy of diazepam or avizafone to prevent soman-induced electroencephalographic disturbances and neuropathology in primates: relationship to plasmatic benzodiazepine pharmacokinetics.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diazepam; Dipeptides; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electroencephalography; Macaca fascicularis; Male; Pralidoxime Compounds; Soman | 2000 |
The influence of anticholinergic drug selection on the efficacy of antidotal treatment of soman-poisoned rats.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Benactyzine; Biperiden; Blood Pressure; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Electrocardiography; Heart Rate; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Scopolamine; Soman | 2000 |
Neuroprotective effects of currently used antidotes in soman-poisoned rats.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Male; Motor Activity; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neuroprotective Agents; Obidoxime Chloride; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman | 2000 |
[Effect of diazepam on the effectiveness of antidote therapy in eliminating the acute lethal effects of soman in mice].
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Antidotes; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Diazepam; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Oximes; Poisoning; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman | 2001 |
Beneficial effects of TCP on soman intoxication in guinea pigs: seizures, brain damage and learning behaviour.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Discrimination Learning; Electroencephalography; Guinea Pigs; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neuroprotective Agents; Phencyclidine; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Seizures; Soman | 2001 |
Cardiopulmonary effects of HI-6 treatment in soman intoxication.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Chemical Warfare Agents; Muscarinic Antagonists; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Regional Blood Flow; Respiration; Soman | 2001 |
O-Substituted derivatives of pralidoxime: muscarinic properties and protection against soman effects in rats.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Binding, Competitive; Blood Pressure; Brain; Carbachol; Cholinergic Agonists; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Guinea Pigs; Heart Rate; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Muscle Contraction; Myocardium; Oximes; Pralidoxime Compounds; Radioligand Assay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Muscarinic; Respiration; Soman; Structure-Activity Relationship; Submandibular Gland | 2002 |
Low concentrations of pyridostigmine prevent soman-induced inhibition of GABAergic transmission in the central nervous system: involvement of muscarinic receptors.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Central Nervous System; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Electric Stimulation; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Membrane Potentials; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Piperidines; Pirenzepine; Pyramidal Cells; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, Muscarinic M2; Receptor, Muscarinic M3; Receptors, Muscarinic; Receptors, Nicotinic; Soman; Synaptic Transmission | 2003 |
Central neuro-inflammatory gene response following soman exposure in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; E-Selectin; Encephalitis; Gene Expression Regulation; Inflammation Mediators; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-6; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; RNA, Messenger; Soman; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Up-Regulation; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 | 2003 |
ANTIDOTAL ACTION OF PYRIDINIUM OXIMES IN ANTICHOLINESTERASE POISONING; COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF SOMAN, SARIN, AND NEOSTIGMINE ON NEUROMUSCULAR FUNCTION.
Topics: Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Enzyme Inhibitors; Mice; Neostigmine; Neuromuscular Junction; Organophosphate Poisoning; Oximes; Pharmacology; Phosphorus; Poisons; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridines; Rats; Research; Sarin; Soman; Toxicology | 1963 |
TOXOGONIN IN SARIN, SOMAN AND TABUN POISONING.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Erythrocytes; Mice; Obidoxime Chloride; Organophosphates; Oximes; Pharmacology; Phosphates; Research; Sarin; Soman; Toxicology | 1965 |
A comparison of the neuroprotective efficacy of pharmacological pretreatment and antidotal treatment in soman-poisoned rats.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Benactyzine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Oximes; Premedication; Pyridinium Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman; Trihexyphenidyl | 2003 |
Periodic orbit analysis reveals subtle effects of atropine on epileptiform activity in the guinea-pig hippocampal slice.
Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Action Potentials; Animals; Atropine; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Interactions; Electrophysiology; Epilepsy; Guinea Pigs; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mathematics; Muscarinic Antagonists; Periodicity; Potassium Channel Blockers; Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; Soman; Xanthines | 2004 |
A guinea pig hippocampal slice model of organophosphate-induced seizure activity.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Guinea Pigs; Hippocampus; Male; Organ Culture Techniques; Organophosphates; Seizures; Soman | 2004 |
Effects of fosphenytoin on nerve agent-induced status epilepticus.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Diazepam; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electroencephalography; Guinea Pigs; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Phenytoin; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Soman; Status Epilepticus | 2004 |
Flunarizine: a possible adjuvant medication against soman poisoning?
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain; Calcium Channel Blockers; Chemical Warfare Agents; Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Flunarizine; GABA Modulators; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Soman | 2004 |
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of two HI-6 salts in swine and efficacy in the treatment of GF and soman poisoning.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guinea Pigs; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman; Swine; Time Factors | 2005 |
Effects of HI 6, diazepam and atropine on soman-induced IL-1 beta protein in rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain; Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electroencephalography; Interleukin-1; Male; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Soman | 2005 |
Efficacy of the ketamine-atropine combination in the delayed treatment of soman-induced status epilepticus.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electroencephalography; Guinea Pigs; Ketamine; Male; Midazolam; Seizures; Soman; Statistics, Nonparametric; Status Epilepticus; Time Factors | 2005 |
Novel neuroprotective effects with O-benzyl derivative of pralidoxime in soman-intoxicated rodents.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Acetylcholine; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Benzene Derivatives; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Drug Synergism; Electroencephalography; Female; Homovanillic Acid; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Mice; Microdialysis; Neuroprotective Agents; Oximes; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Serotonin; Soman; Survival Rate; Time Factors | 2005 |
Protection by a transdermal patch containing physostigmine and procyclidine of soman poisoning in dogs.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dogs; Female; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neuroprotective Agents; Oximes; Physostigmine; Procyclidine; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman | 2005 |
Efficacy of immediate and subsequent therapies against soman-induced seizures and lethality in rats.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Brain; Diazepam; Dipeptides; Drug Combinations; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Oximes; Pentobarbital; Procyclidine; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Soman | 2006 |
Protection against soman-induced neuropathology and respiratory failure: a comparison of the efficacy of diazepam and avizafone in guinea pig.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diazepam; Dipeptides; Electroencephalography; Guinea Pigs; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Respiratory Insufficiency; Soman | 2006 |
Effective countermeasure against poisoning by organophosphorus insecticides and nerve agents.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alkaloids; Animals; Atropine; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Galantamine; Guinea Pigs; Insecticides; Lethal Dose 50; Neurons; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphorus Compounds; Paraoxon; Poisoning; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Sarin; Sesquiterpenes; Soman; Time Factors | 2006 |
Overcoming inhibitions.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Benzodiazepines; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Galantamine; Guinea Pigs; Insecticides; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Paraoxon; Pralidoxime Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, Muscarinic; Sarin; Seizures; Soman; Time Factors | 2006 |
Development of next generation medical countermeasures to nerve agent poisoning.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Dipeptides; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Guinea Pigs; Ileal Diseases; Intussusception; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Oximes; Physostigmine; Pyridinium Compounds; Scopolamine Derivatives; Soman; Time Factors | 2007 |
Protective effects of S+ ketamine and atropine against lethality and brain damage during soman-induced status epilepticus in guinea-pigs.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain Damage, Chronic; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Guinea Pigs; Ketamine; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman; Status Epilepticus; Stereoisomerism | 2007 |
A comparison of the potency of newly developed oximes (K074, K075) and currently available oximes (obidoxime, HI-6) to counteract soman-induced neurotoxicity in rats.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Autonomic Nervous System; Behavior, Animal; Butanes; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Drug Therapy, Combination; Male; Motor Activity; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Obidoxime Chloride; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2007 |
Comparison of reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of two salts of the oxime HI-6 against tabun, soman and cyclosarin in rats.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Organophosphates; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Soman | 2007 |
Nerve agents: implications for anesthesia providers.
Topics: Antidotes; Atropine; Chemical Terrorism; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Decontamination; Humans; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nurse Anesthetists; Nurse's Role; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pralidoxime Compounds; Sarin; Soman; Time Factors | 2008 |
Long-term cognitive deficits accompanied by reduced neurogenesis after soman poisoning.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Benzodiazepines; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Corpus Striatum; Doublecortin Protein; Hippocampus; Male; Maze Learning; Neurogenesis; Olanzapine; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Seizures; Soman | 2009 |
Molecular and cellular actions of galantamine: clinical implications for treatment of organophosphorus poisoning.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinergic Fibers; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Drug Interactions; Female; Galantamine; Guinea Pigs; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nerve Degeneration; Organ Culture Techniques; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphorus Compounds; Sarin; Soman; Treatment Outcome | 2010 |
A comparison of the ability of newly-developed bispyridinium oxime K203 and currently available oximes (trimedoxime, obidoxime, HI-6) to counteract the acute neurotoxicity of soman in rats.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Behavior, Animal; Chemical Warfare Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Male; Motor Activity; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman | 2010 |
Treatment efficacy in a soman-poisoned guinea pig model: added value of physostigmine?
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain; Carbamates; Chemical Warfare Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electroencephalography; Guinea Pigs; Male; Models, Animal; Obidoxime Chloride; Parasympatholytics; Physostigmine; Seizures; Soman; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome | 2011 |
Endotracheal aerosolization of atropine sulfate protects against soman-induced acute respiratory toxicity in guinea pigs.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Atropine; Body Weight; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Butyrylcholinesterase; Chemical Warfare Agents; Guinea Pigs; Heart Rate; Inhalation Exposure; Lethal Dose 50; Lung; Male; Plethysmography, Whole Body; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Sarin; Soman; Tidal Volume; Trachea | 2011 |
Effect of acute soman exposure on GABA(A) receptors in rat hippocampal slices and cultured hippocampal neurons.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Cells, Cultured; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Embryo, Mammalian; Endocytosis; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Female; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials; Membrane Potentials; Microscopy, Confocal; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pregnancy; Protein Transport; Rats; Receptors, GABA-A; Soman; Valine | 2011 |
Biochemical insight into soman intoxication and treatment with atropine, HI-6, trimedoxime, and K203 in a rat model.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Biomarkers; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Male; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman; Trimedoxime | 2011 |
Gene expression and phosphoprotein profile of certain key neuronal signaling proteins following soman intoxication.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Cerebellum; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gene Expression Regulation; Hippocampus; Olfactory Pathways; Oximes; Phosphorylation; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman | 2011 |
A comparison of the efficacy of newly developed reversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase with commonly used pyridostigmine as pharmacological pre-treatment of soman-poisoned mice.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Drug Therapy, Combination; Isoquinolines; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Soman | 2012 |
Minimum effective drug concentrations of a transdermal patch system containing procyclidine and physostigmine for prophylaxis against soman poisoning in rhesus monkeys.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Lethal Dose 50; Macaca mulatta; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Oximes; Physostigmine; Poisoning; Procyclidine; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman; Transdermal Patch | 2012 |
Combinations of ketamine and atropine are neuroprotective and reduce neuroinflammation after a toxic status epilepticus in mice.
Topics: Animals; Area Under Curve; Atropine; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Chemokine CCL5; Chemokine CXCL1; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Ketamine; Male; Mice; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neuroglia; Neutrophils; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Random Allocation; RNA, Messenger; Soman; Status Epilepticus | 2012 |
Neuroprotective effects of imidazenil against chemical warfare nerve agent soman toxicity in guinea pigs.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Atropine; Benzodiazepines; Body Weight; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Administration Schedule; Electrocardiography; Electroencephalography; Guinea Pigs; Imidazoles; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Pralidoxime Compounds; Seizures; Soman; Telemetry; Time Factors | 2012 |
Prediction of neuroprotective treatment efficiency using a HRMAS NMR-based statistical model of refractory status epilepticus on mouse: a metabolomic approach supported by histology.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Biomarkers; Brain; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ketamine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Metabolome; Mice; Midazolam; Multivariate Analysis; Neuroprotective Agents; Principal Component Analysis; Soman; Status Epilepticus | 2012 |
Aerosolized delivery of oxime MMB-4 in combination with atropine sulfate protects against soman exposure in guinea pigs.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Administration, Inhalation; Aerosols; Animals; Atropine; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Butyrylcholinesterase; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Drug Combinations; Guinea Pigs; Lung; Male; Oximes; Protective Agents; Soman | 2012 |
Determination of anti-convulsant and life-preserving capacities of three types of auto-injector therapies against soman intoxication in rats.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Benzodiazepines; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Convulsants; Male; Oximes; Physostigmine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Scopolamine; Seizures; Soman | 2013 |
Efficacy of the GluK1/AMPA receptor antagonist LY293558 against seizures and neuropathology in a soman-exposure model without pretreatment and its pharmacokinetics after intramuscular administration.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Electroencephalography; Fluoresceins; Fluorescent Dyes; Injections, Intramuscular; Isoquinolines; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nerve Degeneration; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Seizures; Soman; Tetrazoles; Tissue Fixation | 2013 |
Efficacy of antidotes (midazolam, atropine and HI-6) on nerve agent induced molecular and neuropathological changes.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; GABA Modulators; Male; Midazolam; Muscarinic Antagonists; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soman; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome | 2014 |
A rat model of nerve agent exposure applicable to the pediatric population: The anticonvulsant efficacies of atropine and GluK1 antagonists.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Disease Models, Animal; Hippocampus; Isoquinolines; Male; Nerve Degeneration; Oximes; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Seizures; Soman; Status Epilepticus; Tetrazoles | 2015 |
Beneficial effects of a ketamine/atropine combination in soman-poisoned rats under a neutral thermal environment.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Atropine; Body Temperature; Brain; Brain Injuries; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterases; Corticosterone; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsy; Fever; Gene Expression Regulation; Ketamine; Male; Motor Activity; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Ribosomal Proteins; Soman; Time Factors | 2015 |
Pharmacokinetic profile and quantitation of protection against soman poisoning by the antinicotinic compound MB327 in the guinea-pig.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Antidotes; Atropine; Dipeptides; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Guinea Pigs; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nerve Agents; Nicotinic Antagonists; Poisoning; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman | 2016 |
Increasing nerve agent treatment efficacy by P-glycoprotein inhibition.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; Atropine; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Dogs; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; Male; Nerve Agents; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Quinolines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Soman; Substrate Specificity | 2016 |
Naloxone Antagonizes Soman-induced Central Respiratory Depression in Rats.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Male; Naloxone; Nerve Agents; Oxotremorine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Muscarinic; Respiratory Insufficiency; Soman | 2017 |
Neuroprotective Effects of Galantamine on Nerve Agent-Induced Neuroglial and Biochemical Changes.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Atropine; Brain; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Galantamine; Gene Expression Regulation; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nerve Agents; Neuroglia; Neuroprotective Agents; Protein Carbonylation; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; Soman; Time Factors | 2018 |
Evaluation of the Influence of Three Newly Developed Bispyridinium Anti-nicotinic Compounds (MB408, MB442, MB444) on the Efficacy of Antidotal Treatment of Nerve Agent Poisoning in Mice.
Topics: Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Nerve Agents; Nicotinic Agonists; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organophosphates; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Soman; Treatment Outcome | 2018 |
Potentiation of antiseizure and neuroprotective efficacy of standard nerve agent treatment by addition of tariquidar.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Astrocytes; Atropine; Brain; Cholinesterase Reactivators; Cholinesterases; Diazepam; Male; Microglia; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Quinolines; Rats, Wistar; Seizures; Soman | 2018 |
Prophylactic potential of memantine against soman poisoning in rats.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Behavior, Animal; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Diazepam; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; GPI-Linked Proteins; Male; Memantine; Neuromuscular Junction; Organophosphate Poisoning; Oximes; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Soman; Synaptic Transmission | 2019 |
Combination of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists increases survival rate in soman-poisoned mice.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Memantine; Mice; Oximes; Poisons; Procyclidine; Pyridinium Compounds; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Soman; Survival Rate | 2023 |
Disease-modifying effects of a glial-targeted inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (1400W) in mixed-sex cohorts of a rat soman (GD) model of epilepsy.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Cytokines; Enzyme Inhibitors; Epilepsy; Gliosis; Male; Midazolam; Neuroglia; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Parvalbumins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Seizures; Soman; Status Epilepticus | 2023 |