ganglioside GM3 binding

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Binding to ganglioside GM3. [GO_REF:0000067, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:1454804]

Ganglioside GM3 binding is a molecular function that describes the specific interaction between a protein and the glycolipid ganglioside GM3. This interaction plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including signal transduction, cell adhesion, and cell differentiation. Gangliosides, like GM3, are complex glycosphingolipids found in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, primarily in neuronal cells. They consist of a ceramide backbone linked to a complex oligosaccharide chain, which in the case of GM3, includes a single sialic acid residue. The specific binding of proteins to GM3 often occurs via their carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs), which have evolved to recognize specific glycan motifs.

Here are some key aspects of GM3 binding:

1. **Signal Transduction:** GM3 can act as a receptor for various signaling molecules, such as growth factors and cytokines. The binding of these molecules to GM3 triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling events, ultimately influencing cellular responses like proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.

2. **Cell Adhesion:** The interaction between GM3 and specific proteins contributes to cell-cell adhesion. For instance, some adhesion molecules, like cadherins, interact with GM3, promoting cell-cell interactions in tissues and organs.

3. **Cell Differentiation:** The expression and localization of GM3 can vary during cell differentiation. Some proteins involved in cell differentiation exhibit specific binding to GM3, influencing developmental processes.

4. **Regulation of Protein Activity:** Binding to GM3 can modulate the activity of certain proteins. For instance, some enzymes can be activated or inhibited by interacting with GM3, impacting their catalytic function.

5. **Cellular Recognition and Targeting:** GM3 can serve as a recognition site for pathogens, viruses, and toxins. These entities utilize specific proteins that bind to GM3 to gain entry into cells or disrupt cellular function.

The specific biological consequences of GM3 binding depend on the interacting protein and its cellular context. Understanding the molecular function of GM3 binding is essential for comprehending a wide range of cellular processes and for developing therapeutic strategies targeting these interactions.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (1)