ganglioside GM1 binding
Definition
Target type: molecularfunction
Binding to ganglioside GM1. [GO_REF:0000067, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:1454804]
Ganglioside GM1 binding is a molecular function that involves the specific interaction of a protein or other molecule with the ganglioside GM1. This interaction is critical for a wide range of cellular processes, including:
* **Signal transduction:** GM1 acts as a receptor for various signaling molecules, including cholera toxin and tetanus toxin. Binding of these toxins to GM1 triggers intracellular signaling pathways that can lead to diverse effects, such as changes in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival.
* **Cell adhesion and migration:** GM1 plays a role in cell adhesion and migration by interacting with cell surface receptors and other adhesion molecules. This interaction helps regulate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, which are essential for tissue development and repair.
* **Neurite outgrowth and synapse formation:** GM1 is highly enriched in neuronal membranes and is essential for neurite outgrowth and synapse formation. It promotes the clustering of neurotransmitter receptors at synapses, thereby regulating synaptic transmission.
* **Viral entry and infection:** Some viruses, such as the HIV virus, utilize GM1 as a receptor for entry into cells. Binding of the virus to GM1 initiates the process of viral infection.
* **Immune system regulation:** GM1 is involved in the regulation of immune responses by interacting with immune cells and modulating their activity.
The molecular mechanism of GM1 binding involves specific interactions between the sugar moieties of GM1 and the binding site on the protein or other molecule. These interactions can be mediated by hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions.
The specific amino acid residues involved in GM1 binding vary depending on the protein. However, common motifs include hydrophobic patches that bind to the hydrophobic acyl chains of GM1 and polar residues that interact with the sugar moieties.
In summary, ganglioside GM1 binding is a complex molecular function with diverse roles in cellular processes, ranging from signal transduction and cell adhesion to neurite outgrowth and viral entry. Understanding the molecular details of GM1 binding is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies targeting these processes.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Prosaposin | A prosaposin that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P07602] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (1)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| fenretinide | 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids. Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent. | monocarboxylic acid amide; retinoid | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant |