pH-gated monoatomic ion channel activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an inorganic ion by a channel that opens in response to a change in proton concentration (pH). [PMID:17167423, PMID:29513651]

pH-gated monoatomic ion channel activity refers to the transmembrane transport of single atoms, such as sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), or chloride (Cl-), across biological membranes in response to changes in pH. This activity is crucial for various cellular processes, including:

1. **Signal Transduction:** Changes in pH can act as signaling molecules, triggering the opening or closing of pH-gated ion channels, altering membrane potential and initiating downstream signaling cascades.

2. **Cellular Homeostasis:** Maintaining appropriate intracellular pH is essential for optimal enzyme activity and cellular function. pH-gated channels contribute to pH regulation by mediating ion fluxes in response to pH changes.

3. **Neurotransmission:** In the nervous system, pH-gated channels play a role in synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability.

4. **Sensory Perception:** Some pH-gated channels are involved in sensory perception, such as taste and pain.

**Mechanism of Action:**

The mechanism of pH-gated monoatomic ion channel activity typically involves a specific protein structure with a proton-binding site. When protons (H+) bind to this site, they induce a conformational change in the protein, leading to the opening or closing of the channel pore. This conformational change alters the permeability of the membrane to specific ions, enabling their movement across the membrane.

**Diversity and Specificity:**

pH-gated ion channels exhibit significant diversity in their ion selectivity, pH sensitivity, and gating mechanisms. Some channels are selective for specific ions, while others are permeable to multiple ions. The pH sensitivity of these channels varies depending on their specific protein structure and cellular function.

**Relevance to Disease:**

Disruptions in pH-gated ion channel activity can contribute to various diseases, including:

- **Neuropathies:** Dysfunctional pH-gated channels in the nervous system can lead to neurological disorders.
- **Cardiovascular diseases:** Impaired pH regulation in the heart can contribute to arrhythmias.
- **Cancer:** Altered pH-gated channel activity can promote tumor growth and metastasis.

**Research Perspectives:**

Further research on pH-gated ion channels aims to elucidate their precise molecular mechanisms, identify their specific roles in various physiological and pathological processes, and develop novel therapeutic strategies targeting these channels.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (1)