histone H3K36 trimethyltransferase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the reaction: L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3 H+ + N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysyl36-[histone H3] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the successive addition of three methyl groups to the lysine residue at position 36 of histone H3, producing histone H3K36me3. [RHEA:60324]

Histone H3K36 trimethyltransferase activity refers to the enzymatic activity of proteins that catalyze the transfer of three methyl groups from a donor molecule, typically S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), to the lysine residue at position 36 (K36) on the histone H3 protein. This specific methylation event plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression and maintaining genome integrity.

Histone H3K36 trimethylation (H3K36me3) is typically associated with actively transcribed regions of the genome. The presence of this mark on transcribed genes serves as a signal for various downstream processes, including:

* **Chromatin compaction and nucleosome organization:** H3K36me3 promotes the recruitment of proteins that help compact chromatin, facilitating efficient packaging of DNA within the nucleus.
* **RNA processing and splicing:** This mark contributes to the recruitment of splicing factors, ensuring proper splicing of pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) into mature mRNA.
* **DNA repair and replication:** H3K36me3 is involved in signaling DNA repair pathways, ensuring accurate replication and minimizing genomic instability.
* **Transcriptional elongation and termination:** This methylation mark plays a role in promoting efficient transcription elongation by preventing premature termination and ensuring proper transcript synthesis.
* **Silencing of transposable elements:** H3K36me3 contributes to the silencing of transposons, preventing their movement and potential disruption of genomic integrity.

The enzymes responsible for H3K36 trimethylation, known as histone H3K36 methyltransferases (SETD2, NSD1, and others), are highly regulated and their activity is influenced by various factors, including the presence of other histone modifications, DNA sequence, and cellular context. Dysregulation of H3K36 trimethylation is linked to various diseases, including cancer, neurodevelopmental disorders, and immune system dysfunction.

In summary, histone H3K36 trimethyltransferase activity is a fundamental epigenetic mechanism that plays a pivotal role in regulating gene expression, maintaining genome stability, and contributing to diverse cellular processes.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (2)