ADP-ribosylglutamate hydrolase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the reaction: (ADP-D-ribosyl)-L-glutamyl-[protein] + H2O = L-glutamyl-[protein] + ADP-ribose. [PMID:23481255]

ADP-ribosylglutamate hydrolase activity is a catalytic activity that removes an ADP-ribose moiety from a glutamate residue. This activity is crucial in regulating the cellular response to stress and maintaining cellular homeostasis. ADP-ribosylglutamate is a modified amino acid that is formed by the enzymatic attachment of ADP-ribose to glutamate. The addition of ADP-ribose can modify the activity of proteins and enzymes, and it is a key regulatory mechanism in cellular signaling pathways. ADP-ribosylglutamate hydrolases are enzymes that specifically recognize and hydrolyze the ADP-ribosylglutamate modification, removing the ADP-ribose moiety and restoring the glutamate residue to its original state. This activity is essential for reversing the effects of ADP-ribosylation and maintaining normal cellular function. ADP-ribosylglutamate hydrolases are found in a variety of organisms, including bacteria, yeast, and mammals. They play a crucial role in various cellular processes, such as DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and stress response. In particular, ADP-ribosylglutamate hydrolases are involved in the regulation of the activity of PARP-1 (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1), a key enzyme in DNA repair. PARP-1 utilizes NAD+ as a substrate to add ADP-ribose chains to proteins, primarily involved in DNA repair. In response to DNA damage, PARP-1 is activated and rapidly consumes NAD+, which depletes cellular energy stores. To counteract this depletion, ADP-ribosylglutamate hydrolases are activated and remove the ADP-ribose chains from PARP-1, thereby downregulating PARP-1 activity and allowing NAD+ levels to recover. This cycle of PARP-1 activation and inhibition by ADP-ribosylglutamate hydrolases is critical for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis and ensuring efficient DNA repair. The activity of ADP-ribosylglutamate hydrolase is also regulated by various factors, including cellular stress, nutrient availability, and protein-protein interactions. By controlling the levels of ADP-ribosylglutamate in cells, ADP-ribosylglutamate hydrolases play a crucial role in regulating cellular responses to stress, maintaining DNA integrity, and ensuring proper cellular function.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (1)