glucagon family peptide binding

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Binding to a member of the glucagon family peptide hormone (e.g. glucagon, glucagon-like peptides, oxyntomodulin, glicentin, ADCYAP1, GHRH, secretin, VIP, GIP). [PMID:17715056]

Glucagon family peptide binding is a molecular function associated with receptors that bind to peptides belonging to the glucagon family. These receptors play crucial roles in regulating glucose homeostasis, energy metabolism, and other physiological processes.

The glucagon family peptides, including glucagon, GLP-1, GLP-2, and GIP, are secreted from the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas in response to various stimuli, such as food intake and blood glucose levels. These peptides exert their effects by binding to specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on the surface of target cells.

Upon binding of a glucagon family peptide, the GPCR undergoes a conformational change, activating a signaling cascade involving G proteins and downstream effectors. This signaling pathway ultimately leads to various cellular responses, including:

- **Glucagon receptor (GCGR):** Binding of glucagon to GCGR triggers the production of cAMP, a second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA). PKA phosphorylates various target proteins, leading to increased hepatic glucose production and release into the bloodstream.

- **Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R):** Binding of GLP-1 to GLP-1R activates signaling pathways that promote insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells, suppress glucagon release, slow gastric emptying, and enhance satiety.

- **Glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor (GLP-2R):** Binding of GLP-2 to GLP-2R promotes intestinal growth and nutrient absorption.

- **Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR):** Binding of GIP to GIPR enhances insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and promotes glucose uptake by peripheral tissues.

The molecular function of glucagon family peptide binding is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis and regulating other metabolic processes. Dysregulation of this function can lead to various metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (2)