Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + sphingomyelin = ceramide + choline phosphate + H+ in an acidic environment. [GOC:dph, PMID:26493087]
Acid sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity is a crucial enzymatic process involved in the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, a major phospholipid component of cell membranes. This activity is catalyzed by the enzyme sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, also known as sphingomyelinase. The reaction involves the cleavage of the phosphodiester bond between the phosphocholine head group and ceramide, generating ceramide and phosphorylcholine as products. This hydrolysis plays a significant role in various cellular processes, including signal transduction, membrane trafficking, and apoptosis. In signal transduction, ceramide acts as a second messenger, activating downstream signaling pathways involved in cell growth, differentiation, and stress responses. Membrane trafficking involves the transport of lipids and proteins between different cellular compartments, and acid sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity contributes to this process by regulating the composition and fluidity of membrane domains. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a critical process for maintaining tissue homeostasis. Ceramide generated by acid sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity can trigger apoptotic pathways, leading to the dismantling and elimination of damaged or unnecessary cells. The activity of acid sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase is tightly regulated by various factors, including pH, calcium ions, and specific inhibitors. Dysregulation of this enzymatic activity has been implicated in various disease conditions, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase | [no definition available] | Bos taurus (cattle) |
| Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase | A sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P17405] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| chlorpromazine | chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup. | organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| fendiline | Fendiline: Coronary vasodilator; inhibits calcium function in muscle cells in excitation-contraction coupling; proposed as antiarrhythmic and antianginal agents. | diarylmethane | |
| imipramine | imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom. Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group. | dibenzoazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor |
| inositol 2,4,6-triphosphate | |||
| 2-(1-benzo[e]benzofuranyl)-N-[4-methoxy-3-(4-morpholinylsulfonyl)phenyl]acetamide | naphthofuran | ||
| mangostin | alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities. mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit | aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite |