peptidyl-lysine acetyltransferase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl phosphate + peptidyl-L-lysine = phosphate + peptidyl-N6-acetyl-L-lysine. [GOC:tb]

Peptidyl-lysine acetyltransferase activity, also known as lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) activity, is a crucial molecular function in various cellular processes. It involves the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue within a target protein. This acetylation event can significantly alter the protein's structure, function, and interactions.

Key aspects of peptidyl-lysine acetyltransferase activity include:

- **Substrate Specificity:** KATs exhibit varying degrees of specificity for their target lysine residues. Some KATs target specific protein substrates, while others act on a broader range of proteins.
- **Acetyl-CoA Dependency:** All KATs require acetyl-CoA as a co-substrate to provide the acetyl group for the transfer reaction.
- **Regulation:** KAT activity is tightly regulated by various mechanisms, including post-translational modifications, protein-protein interactions, and cellular signaling pathways.
- **Biological Roles:** Peptidyl-lysine acetylation plays critical roles in diverse cellular functions:
- **Gene Regulation:** Acetylation of histones, the proteins that package DNA, influences chromatin structure and gene expression.
- **Protein Activity:** Acetylation can modify the activity of various enzymes, transcription factors, and signaling proteins.
- **Protein Stability:** Acetylation can affect the stability of proteins, influencing their half-life and degradation.
- **Protein-Protein Interactions:** Acetylation can modulate the interaction of proteins with other molecules, affecting their localization and signaling functions.
- **Disease Relevance:** Dysregulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation is implicated in various human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic diseases.

In summary, peptidyl-lysine acetyltransferase activity is a fundamental molecular function that dynamically regulates protein function and cellular processes through the transfer of acetyl groups to lysine residues. This acetylation event significantly impacts protein structure, function, and interactions, contributing to the complexity and regulation of cellular life.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (2)