hyaluronan synthase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucuronate + UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine = [beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)](n) + 2n UDP. [EC:2.4.1.212, MetaCyc:2.4.1.212-RXN]

Hyaluronan synthase activity refers to the enzymatic process by which hyaluronan (HA), a large, unbranched glycosaminoglycan, is synthesized. HA is a crucial component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and plays a vital role in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and tissue organization. Hyaluronan synthases (HASs) are integral membrane proteins responsible for the synthesis of HA. These enzymes catalyze the alternating addition of N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid residues to the non-reducing end of the growing HA chain. The reaction occurs within the plasma membrane and is driven by the transfer of UDP-sugars as substrates. The process involves a series of steps: 1) HASs bind to UDP-sugars, which act as precursors for the HA chain elongation. 2) The enzyme then utilizes a specific glycosyltransferase activity to transfer the sugar residues from UDP-sugars to the non-reducing end of the growing HA chain. 3) This repetitive addition of sugar units results in the formation of a long, linear chain of HA, which is extruded into the extracellular space. The synthesis of HA is highly regulated and influenced by various factors, including growth factors, cytokines, and mechanical forces. The regulation of HA synthesis is essential for maintaining the integrity and function of tissues. Disruptions in HA synthesis can lead to various pathological conditions, such as inflammation, cancer, and osteoarthritis.'
"

Proteins (1)

Compounds (4)