ATP-gated ion channel activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when ATP has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. [GOC:bf]

ATP-gated ion channel activity is a molecular function that describes the ability of a protein to act as a channel for ions across a cell membrane, and this activity is triggered by the binding of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is a ubiquitous cellular energy currency, and its binding to specific sites on the ion channel protein induces a conformational change that opens the channel, allowing the passage of ions. These channels play crucial roles in various cellular processes, including:

- **Signal transduction:** ATP-gated ion channels are involved in signaling pathways that regulate cellular responses to changes in intracellular ATP levels. For example, in neurons, ATP release from presynaptic terminals can activate postsynaptic ATP-gated ion channels, contributing to synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability.

- **Cellular metabolism:** ATP-gated ion channels are involved in regulating the flow of ions that are essential for metabolic processes. For example, potassium channels are important for maintaining membrane potential and regulating cellular energy production.

- **Cell volume regulation:** ATP-gated ion channels are involved in regulating the movement of water and ions across cell membranes, which is essential for maintaining cell volume and preventing cell swelling or shrinkage.

- **Sensory perception:** ATP-gated ion channels are involved in sensory perception, such as taste and touch. For example, ATP-gated ion channels in taste buds are involved in the detection of bitter and sweet tastes.

The molecular mechanisms of ATP-gated ion channel activity vary depending on the specific channel protein. However, they generally involve the following steps:

1. **ATP binding:** ATP binds to a specific site on the ion channel protein, which can be located on the intracellular or extracellular side of the membrane.
2. **Conformational change:** ATP binding induces a conformational change in the channel protein, opening the channel pore.
3. **Ion permeation:** Once the channel is open, ions can flow through the pore, driven by their electrochemical gradient.
4. **Channel closure:** ATP dissociation or other regulatory mechanisms can lead to channel closure, preventing further ion flow.

ATP-gated ion channel activity is a complex and highly regulated process that is essential for a wide range of cellular functions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of these channels is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies for various diseases, including neurological disorders, metabolic diseases, and cancer.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (2)