5'-3' RNA polymerase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the reaction: nucleoside triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); the synthesis of RNA from ribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a nucleic acid template, via extension of the 3'-end. [EC:2.7.7.6, GOC:mah, GOC:pf]

5'-3' RNA polymerase activity is the enzymatic process by which RNA polymerase, a multi-subunit protein complex, synthesizes a new RNA molecule using a DNA template strand. The process starts with the binding of RNA polymerase to a specific DNA sequence called the promoter. The enzyme then unwinds the DNA double helix, exposing the template strand. Using ribonucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) as substrates, RNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the growing RNA chain and the 5'-phosphate group of the incoming NTP, following the base pairing rules (adenine with uracil, guanine with cytosine). This process continues along the template strand, elongating the RNA molecule in a 5'-to-3' direction. The newly synthesized RNA strand, which is complementary to the template DNA strand, serves as a template for protein synthesis or acts as a functional RNA molecule in itself. RNA polymerase terminates transcription at specific DNA sequences called terminators, releasing the newly synthesized RNA molecule.'
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Proteins (4)

Compounds (2)