Target type: molecularfunction
Enables the transmembrane transfer of a chloride ion by a channel that opens when glycine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729]
Glycine-gated chloride ion channel activity is a fundamental process in neurotransmission, particularly in the central nervous system. This activity is mediated by specialized transmembrane proteins known as glycine receptors (GlyRs). GlyRs are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels that are activated by the neurotransmitter glycine. Glycine binding to the extracellular domain of the receptor triggers a conformational change, opening an ion pore through the membrane. This pore allows chloride ions (Cl-) to flow into the cell, leading to hyperpolarization of the neuronal membrane.
Glycine-gated chloride ion channel activity plays a crucial role in inhibitory neurotransmission. When activated, it reduces the likelihood of a postsynaptic neuron firing an action potential. This inhibitory action is essential for regulating neuronal excitability, maintaining neuronal homeostasis, and coordinating various brain functions.
Specifically, glycine-gated chloride ion channel activity is involved in:
- **Spinal cord function:** GlyRs are highly concentrated in the spinal cord, where they mediate inhibitory signals that control muscle movement and reflexes.
- **Brain function:** GlyRs are also found throughout the brain, where they are involved in various cognitive processes, including learning, memory, and sensory perception.
- **Development:** GlyRs are critical for proper neuronal development and maturation.
Dysregulation of glycine-gated chloride ion channel activity can lead to a variety of neurological disorders, including epilepsy, spasticity, and anxiety. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of glycine-gated chloride ion channel activity is therefore crucial for developing new therapies for these and other neurological conditions.'
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Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
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Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2 | A glycine receptor subunit alpha-2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P23416] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
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ginkgolide b | |||
bn 52020 |