extracellularly glycine-gated ion channel activity
Definition
Target type: molecularfunction
Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when glycine is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane. [GOC:mtg_transport, ISBN:0815340729]
Extracellularly glycine-gated ion channel activity is a molecular function that describes the ability of a protein to act as a channel for the movement of ions across a cell membrane in response to the binding of glycine to a site outside the cell. This type of channel is typically found in the central nervous system, where it plays a critical role in neurotransmission.
Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, meaning that it reduces the likelihood of a postsynaptic neuron firing an action potential. When glycine binds to its receptor, it opens the channel, allowing negatively charged chloride ions to flow into the neuron. This influx of chloride ions hyperpolarizes the neuron, making it less likely to fire an action potential.
Extracellularly glycine-gated ion channel activity is essential for normal brain function. Mutations in the genes that encode these channels can lead to a variety of neurological disorders, including epilepsy and autism spectrum disorders.
The mechanism of action of extracellularly glycine-gated ion channels is complex and involves a number of different steps. First, glycine binds to its receptor, which is a transmembrane protein. This binding event causes a conformational change in the receptor, which opens the channel. The channel then allows chloride ions to flow into the neuron, hyperpolarizing the cell and reducing the likelihood of an action potential.
The activity of extracellularly glycine-gated ion channels is regulated by a number of factors, including the concentration of glycine in the synapse, the presence of other neurotransmitters, and the activity of other ion channels. This complex regulation ensures that these channels play an appropriate role in neurotransmission.
In summary, extracellularly glycine-gated ion channel activity is a critical molecular function that plays a crucial role in neurotransmission. These channels are responsible for mediating the inhibitory effects of glycine in the central nervous system. Their activity is tightly regulated and is essential for normal brain function.'
"
Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Glycine receptor subunit beta | A glycine receptor subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P48167] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (1)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| strychnine | strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position. Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison. | monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound | avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide |