gastric inhibitory peptide receptor activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Combining with gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and transmitting the signal across the membrane to activate an associated G-protein. [GOC:mah, PMID:8243312]

Gastric inhibitory peptide receptor (GIPR) activity is a molecular function that describes the ability of a protein to bind and respond to the hormone gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP). GIP is a 42-amino acid peptide hormone secreted from the K cells of the small intestine in response to the ingestion of food, particularly glucose and fat. It plays a crucial role in regulating glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion, and gastric emptying.

GIPR is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) belonging to the class B family of GPCRs. Upon binding of GIP, the receptor undergoes a conformational change, activating associated G proteins. This activation leads to a cascade of intracellular signaling events, primarily through the Gαs subunit of the G protein. The activation of Gαs stimulates adenylate cyclase, which in turn increases intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Elevated cAMP levels activate protein kinase A (PKA), which phosphorylates downstream signaling molecules, ultimately leading to various cellular responses.

The primary function of GIP is to stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. GIP acts synergistically with glucose to amplify insulin release, contributing to the overall postprandial insulin response. This action of GIP is important for regulating blood glucose levels after a meal.

GIP also plays a role in suppressing gastric emptying and stimulating the production of pancreatic juice. This action helps to regulate digestion and nutrient absorption.

In addition to its effects on glucose metabolism, GIP has been implicated in other physiological processes, including appetite regulation, cell growth, and inflammation.

The molecular function of GIPR activity is essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis, regulating insulin secretion, and coordinating digestive processes. Understanding the intricate mechanisms of GIPR signaling is crucial for developing potential therapeutic strategies for metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (2)