Target type: molecularfunction
Enables the transfer of lactate from one side of a membrane to the other. Lactate is 2-hydroxypropanoate, CH3-CHOH-COOH; L(+)-lactate is formed by anaerobic glycolysis in animal tissues, and DL-lactate is found in sour milk, molasses and certain fruit juices. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0198506732, RHEA:34987]
Lactate transmembrane transporter activity refers to the movement of lactate molecules across the cell membrane. This process is essential for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis and plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including muscle metabolism, liver gluconeogenesis, and brain function. Lactate transporters facilitate the bidirectional transport of lactate, moving it either into or out of the cell depending on the concentration gradient and the metabolic needs of the cell. There are several different types of lactate transporters, each with specific characteristics and expression patterns. These transporters are often regulated by factors such as pH, oxygen levels, and hormonal signals. The precise mechanism of lactate transport is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of passive diffusion and facilitated diffusion mediated by transmembrane proteins. Lactate transport activity is crucial for maintaining cellular energy balance, as it allows cells to utilize lactate as an energy source and to eliminate excess lactate produced during anaerobic metabolism. Dysregulation of lactate transporter activity has been implicated in a variety of pathological conditions, including cancer, ischemia, and metabolic disorders.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Monocarboxylate transporter 1 | A monocarboxylate transporter 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P53985] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Monocarboxylate transporter 2 | A monocarboxylate transporter 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O60669] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| pyruvic acid | pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis. Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed) | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid | cofactor; fundamental metabolite |
| ar c155858 | AR C155858: an MCT1 inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| azd3965 | AZD3965: a monocarboxylate transporter-1 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source | ||
| sodium lactate | sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion. Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer. | lactate salt; organic sodium salt | food acidity regulator; food preservative |