pyruvate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity
Definition
Target type: molecularfunction
Enables the transfer of pyruvate from one side of a membrane to the other, up its concentration gradient. The transporter binds the solute and undergoes a series of conformational changes. Transport works equally well in either direction and is driven by a chemiosmotic source of energy. Secondary active transporters include symporters and antiporters. [GOC:mtg_transport]
Pyruvate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity involves the movement of pyruvate across cellular membranes against its concentration gradient, harnessing the energy stored in the electrochemical gradient of another molecule, typically a proton (H+) or sodium ion (Na+). This transport mechanism is driven by the symport or antiport of pyruvate with the driving ion.
In symport, pyruvate and the driving ion move in the same direction across the membrane, while in antiport, they move in opposite directions. The transporter protein facilitates this movement by binding both pyruvate and the driving ion, and undergoes conformational changes to move them across the membrane.
The molecular mechanism of pyruvate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity relies on the following key features:
1. **Binding Sites:** The transporter protein possesses distinct binding sites for pyruvate and the driving ion. These sites exhibit high affinity for their respective molecules, ensuring efficient binding and release during transport.
2. **Conformational Changes:** The transporter protein undergoes conformational changes upon binding both pyruvate and the driving ion. These changes alter the protein's structure, allowing the molecules to pass through the membrane and reach the other side.
3. **Coupling of Transport:** The movement of pyruvate is coupled to the movement of the driving ion. This coupling ensures that the energy stored in the electrochemical gradient of the driving ion is used to drive pyruvate transport against its concentration gradient.
4. **Membrane Localization:** Pyruvate secondary active transmembrane transporter proteins are typically localized in the plasma membrane of cells, where they facilitate the exchange of pyruvate between the intracellular and extracellular compartments.
These transporter activities are essential for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis by facilitating pyruvate uptake into cells for use in metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and exporting pyruvate when necessary. Furthermore, pyruvate secondary active transmembrane transporter activity plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including nutrient uptake, cell signaling, and maintaining cellular pH.'
"
Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Monocarboxylate transporter 2 | A monocarboxylate transporter 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O60669] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (2)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| pyruvic acid | pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis. Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed) | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid | cofactor; fundamental metabolite |
| sodium lactate | sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion. Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer. | lactate salt; organic sodium salt | food acidity regulator; food preservative |