1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate = CoA + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate. [EC:2.3.1.51, GOC:ab]

1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase (AGPAT) activity catalyzes the transfer of a fatty acyl group from a fatty acyl-CoA donor to the sn-2 position of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to produce phosphatidic acid (PA). This reaction is a critical step in the biosynthesis of phospholipids, which are major components of cell membranes. AGPAT enzymes play a crucial role in regulating the composition and fluidity of cell membranes, as well as the production of signaling molecules such as diacylglycerol (DAG) and PA.

AGPATs are found in a wide range of organisms, including bacteria, yeast, plants, and animals. In mammals, there are 10 different AGPAT isoforms, each with distinct tissue distribution and substrate specificity. These isoforms are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including lipid metabolism, cell growth, and signal transduction.

The catalytic mechanism of AGPATs involves the formation of a ternary complex between the enzyme, the fatty acyl-CoA donor, and the LPA substrate. The fatty acyl group is then transferred from the CoA to the sn-2 position of LPA, resulting in the formation of PA. The reaction is highly specific for the sn-2 position of LPA, and the enzyme exhibits a preference for certain fatty acyl-CoA substrates, depending on the specific isoform.

The activity of AGPATs is regulated by a variety of factors, including the availability of substrates, the cellular environment, and the expression levels of the enzymes. Dysregulation of AGPAT activity has been implicated in various human diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and cancer.

In summary, 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase activity is a key enzymatic process in the biosynthesis of phospholipids, playing a vital role in maintaining cellular membrane structure and function, as well as in regulating signaling pathways. The diversity of AGPAT isoforms and their intricate regulation highlight their significant role in cellular homeostasis and disease pathogenesis.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (2)