phosphorelay sensor kinase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the phosphorylation of a histidine residue in response to detection of an extracellular signal such as a chemical ligand or change in environment, to initiate a change in cell state or activity. The two-component sensor is a histidine kinase that autophosphorylates a histidine residue in its active site. The phosphate is then transferred to an aspartate residue in a downstream response regulator, to trigger a response. [GOC:bf, GOC:mcc, PMID:10966457, PMID:20223701, PMID:9191038]

Phosphorelay sensor kinase activity involves a multistep phosphorylation cascade that transduces signals across cellular membranes. These kinases, often located on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, play a crucial role in sensing environmental stimuli, such as changes in osmolarity, nutrient availability, or stress conditions. They act as the first step in the signal transduction pathway, detecting the stimulus and initiating a phosphorylation cascade. The process begins with the sensor kinase autophosphorylating itself on a histidine residue, creating a phosphorylated intermediate. This phosphate group is then transferred to an aspartate residue on a response regulator protein, which acts as a second messenger in the pathway. The phosphorylated response regulator protein can then modulate the activity of target proteins, ultimately triggering a specific cellular response. This intricate mechanism enables cells to react to changes in their environment and maintain homeostasis.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (1)