iron-sulfur cluster assembly complex

Definition

Target type: cellularcomponent

A protein complex capable of assembling an iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster. [GOC:bhm, PMID:17350958]

The iron-sulfur cluster assembly complex (ISCA) is a multi-protein complex essential for the biogenesis of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters. These clusters are inorganic cofactors that play crucial roles in a wide array of cellular processes, including respiration, DNA replication, and metabolism. The ISCA complex is responsible for assembling these clusters de novo and then transferring them to various target proteins.

The ISCA complex is typically found in the mitochondria, which are the energy-producing organelles of eukaryotic cells. However, a similar complex also operates in the cytoplasm, where it is essential for the assembly of Fe-S clusters in cytosolic and nuclear proteins.

The core components of the ISCA complex are a scaffold protein, an ATPase, and a cysteine desulfurase. The scaffold protein serves as a platform for the assembly of the Fe-S cluster. The ATPase provides the energy required for the process, and the cysteine desulfurase donates sulfur atoms from cysteine residues to form the Fe-S cluster.

The exact composition of the ISCA complex can vary depending on the organism and the cellular compartment in which it resides. However, some of the key proteins that are typically found in the ISCA complex include:

* **IscA:** This protein serves as the scaffold for the assembly of the Fe-S cluster.
* **Nfs1:** This protein is a cysteine desulfurase that donates sulfur atoms from cysteine residues to form the Fe-S cluster.
* **Isd11:** This protein is an ATPase that provides the energy required for the assembly of the Fe-S cluster.
* **Frataxin:** This protein is involved in the delivery of iron to the ISCA complex.
* **CIAO1:** This protein is involved in the transfer of Fe-S clusters to target proteins.

The process of Fe-S cluster assembly by the ISCA complex is a complex and highly regulated process. It involves multiple steps, including the binding of iron and sulfur atoms to the scaffold protein, the formation of a [2Fe-2S] cluster, and the transfer of the cluster to a target protein.

The ISCA complex plays a critical role in cellular metabolism and function. Defects in the ISCA complex can lead to a variety of diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, neurological diseases, and cancer.

In summary, the iron-sulfur cluster assembly complex (ISCA) is a multi-protein complex responsible for the de novo assembly of iron-sulfur clusters, which are essential cofactors for a wide range of cellular processes. The complex operates in both mitochondria and the cytoplasm, ensuring the proper assembly and delivery of Fe-S clusters to target proteins. The ISCA complex is a critical component of cellular metabolism and function, and defects in its activity can lead to various diseases.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (2)