neuron projection cytoplasm

Definition

Target type: cellularcomponent

All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded neuron projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection. [GOC:ha]

Neuron projection cytoplasm is the specialized compartment within a neuron's axon or dendrite, responsible for the efficient propagation of electrical and chemical signals. It is a highly dynamic environment characterized by a unique composition of proteins, organelles, and cytoskeletal elements.

**Key components of neuron projection cytoplasm include:**

* **Microtubules:** These are long, hollow cylinders that form tracks for the transport of vesicles, organelles, and other molecules along the axon or dendrite.
* **Neurofilaments:** These are intermediate filaments that provide structural support and stability to the projection.
* **Actin filaments:** These are thin, flexible filaments that play a role in the movement of vesicles and other cellular components.
* **Mitochondria:** These organelles are responsible for generating ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
* **Endoplasmic reticulum (ER):** This network of membranes is involved in protein synthesis, folding, and modification.
* **Golgi apparatus:** This organelle is involved in the processing, packaging, and sorting of proteins.
* **Synaptic vesicles:** These small, membrane-bound sacs contain neurotransmitters, which are released at synapses to communicate with other neurons or target cells.

**Specialized features of neuron projection cytoplasm:**

* **High density of microtubules:** The high density of microtubules in the axon facilitates the rapid transport of molecules over long distances.
* **Presence of myelin:** In some neurons, the axon is wrapped in a myelin sheath, which acts as an insulator to speed up signal transmission.
* **Specialized proteins:** Neuron projection cytoplasm contains a number of specialized proteins that are involved in signal transduction, synaptic plasticity, and other functions.

The composition and organization of neuron projection cytoplasm are essential for the proper function of neurons. Disruptions to this compartment can lead to a variety of neurological disorders.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (3)