alpha9-beta1 integrin-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 complex
Definition
Target type: cellularcomponent
A protein complex that consists of an alpha9-beta1 integrin complex bound to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. [PMID:10209034]
The alpha9-beta1 integrin-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) complex is a transmembrane protein complex that plays a crucial role in cell adhesion, migration, and signaling. The complex is composed of three major components:
1. **Alpha9 integrin:** A transmembrane protein that belongs to the integrin family of cell adhesion receptors. It is expressed on various cell types, including epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. Alpha9 integrin has a large extracellular domain that binds to VCAM-1 and a short cytoplasmic tail that interacts with intracellular signaling proteins.
2. **Beta1 integrin:** Another transmembrane protein that is a common beta subunit found in many integrin complexes. It forms heterodimers with various alpha subunits, including alpha9. Beta1 integrin also has a large extracellular domain that contributes to VCAM-1 binding and a cytoplasmic tail that interacts with intracellular signaling proteins.
3. **Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1):** A transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed on the surface of endothelial cells. VCAM-1 plays a critical role in leukocyte recruitment and adhesion during inflammation. It contains multiple immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains that bind to integrins, including alpha9-beta1.
The alpha9-beta1 integrin-VCAM-1 complex forms a stable adhesion complex on the cell surface. The binding of alpha9-beta1 integrin to VCAM-1 is mediated by the interaction of the extracellular domains of these proteins. The complex can activate intracellular signaling pathways, leading to changes in cell behavior, such as cell migration, proliferation, and survival.
Specifically, the cellular component of the complex can be described as follows:
* **Extracellular domain:** The extracellular domain of the complex is composed of the alpha9 and beta1 integrin extracellular domains, which bind to VCAM-1. This domain is responsible for mediating cell adhesion and signaling.
* **Transmembrane domain:** The transmembrane domain of the complex anchors the complex to the cell membrane, allowing it to communicate with the intracellular environment.
* **Cytoplasmic domain:** The cytoplasmic domain of the complex interacts with intracellular signaling proteins. This interaction is essential for the activation of downstream signaling pathways that regulate cell behavior.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 | A vascular cell adhesion protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P19320] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (4)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| probucol | probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood. Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993). | dithioketal; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug |
| difluorodinitrobenzene sulfone | |||
| succinobucol | succinobucol: monosuccinic acid ester of probucol; a metabolically stable modification of probucol, an equipotent antioxidant to probucol but is pharmacologically distinct | benzoate ester; phenols | |
| 4-[(4-methylphenyl)thio]-2-thieno[2,3-c]pyridinecarboxamide | aryl sulfide |