RNA N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase complex
Definition
Target type: cellularcomponent
A RNA methyltransferase complex that catalyzes the post-transcriptional methylation of adenosine to form N6-methyladenosine (m6A). In budding yeast, the MIS complex consists of Mum2p, Ime4p and Slz1p. In vertebrates, the complex consists of METTL3, METTL14 and associated components WTAP, ZC3H13, VIRMA, CBLL1/HAKAI and in some cases of RBM15 (RBM15 or RBM15B). [GOC:dgf, GOC:sp, PMID:22685417, PMID:24316715, PMID:24407421, PMID:29507755, PMID:29535189, PMID:29547716]
The RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase complex is a multi-protein complex responsible for catalyzing the methylation of adenosine at the N6 position in RNA. This complex is crucial for regulating various cellular processes, including RNA splicing, translation, stability, and transport. The core components of the m6A methyltransferase complex are:
1. **METTL3:** The catalytic subunit, which directly performs the methylation reaction. It possesses an S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) binding domain and a catalytic domain.
2. **METTL14:** Acts as a scaffolding protein, interacting with METTL3 to form a stable complex. It also plays a role in substrate recognition and specificity.
3. **WTAP:** A protein involved in recruiting the METTL3-METTL14 complex to RNA. It interacts with both METTL3 and RNA, facilitating methylation activity.
4. **KIAA1429:** This protein, also known as VIRMA, participates in enhancing the stability of the METTL3-METTL14 complex and contributes to substrate specificity.
5. **RBM15:** A reader protein that recognizes m6A modifications and plays a role in directing the m6A-modified RNA to specific cellular processes.
6. **HNRNPA2B1:** Another reader protein that interacts with m6A-modified RNA and influences RNA stability and translation.
These core components assemble into a functional complex, where METTL3 and METTL14 form the catalytic core, and WTAP, KIAA1429, RBM15, and HNRNPA2B1 act as regulatory factors. This complex dynamically associates with RNA, recognizes specific sequences, and deposits m6A modifications, impacting various aspects of RNA metabolism. The composition and activity of the m6A methyltransferase complex are tightly regulated, contributing to the precise control of m6A methylation and its diverse cellular roles.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| N6-adenosine-methyltransferase catalytic subunit | An N6-adenosine-methyltransferase catalytic subunit that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q86U44] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (1)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| s-adenosylhomocysteine | S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine. S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions. | adenosines; amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine derivative; homocysteines; organic sulfide | cofactor; EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor; epitope; fundamental metabolite |