Target type: cellularcomponent
Stacks of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes containing a high density of nuclear pores, thought to form from excess nuclear membrane components, that have been described in a number of different cells. Annulate lamellar membranes are continuous with and embedded within the ER. [PMID:12631728]
Annulate lamellae (AL) are complex membranous structures found in the cytoplasm of various eukaryotic cells, particularly during periods of rapid growth and development. They consist of stacks of flattened, membrane-bound sacs, resembling miniature versions of the nuclear envelope, with numerous nuclear pore complexes embedded within their membranes. AL are closely associated with the nuclear envelope and are thought to play a crucial role in various cellular processes, including:
* **Nuclear envelope biogenesis and maintenance:** AL are believed to act as a reservoir of nuclear envelope components, facilitating the assembly and expansion of the nuclear envelope during cell growth.
* **Protein transport and trafficking:** AL may serve as a platform for the sorting and transport of proteins between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The presence of nuclear pore complexes within AL suggests their involvement in selective transport of molecules.
* **Ribonucleic acid (RNA) processing and export:** AL may contribute to the maturation and export of RNA transcripts from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, potentially acting as a site for RNA processing.
* **Membrane biogenesis and recycling:** AL could play a role in the formation and recycling of cellular membranes, as their structure resembles the nuclear envelope, a key organelle for membrane dynamics.
The precise functions of AL remain under investigation, but their association with key cellular processes, particularly those related to the nucleus and membrane trafficking, suggests their importance in cell growth, differentiation, and development. Their presence is often observed in rapidly dividing cells, such as embryonic cells, cancer cells, and some differentiated cells like muscle and nerve cells. Further research is needed to fully understand the diverse roles of AL in cellular function.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Exportin-1 | An exportin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNA] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| coumarin | 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative | coumarins | fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| osthol | osthol: from Cnidium monnieri and Angelica pubescens (both Apiaceae); structure given in first source | botanical anti-fungal agent; coumarins | metabolite |
| herniarin | herniarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by a methoxy group at position 7. herniarin: methoxy analog of umbelliferone; structure | coumarins | fluorochrome |
| ci 940 | leptomycin : A complex, very long chain, polyunsaturated fatty acid whose core structure comprises 8-oxononadeca-2,10,12,16,18-pentaenoic acid having methyl substituents at positions 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 15 and a 3,6-dihydropyran-6-one-2-yl group at position 19. | hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leptomycin | antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite |
| kpt-185 | KPT-185: binds CRM1 to inhibit nuclear export; has antineoplastic activity | ||
| selinexor | selinexor: inhibits karyopherin XPO1 |