tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily complex

Definition

Target type: cellularcomponent

A receptor complex that contains one or more members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. [GOC:krc]

The tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily complex is a multi-protein assembly that plays a critical role in mediating cellular responses to a wide range of stimuli, including inflammation, immunity, and cell death. This complex is characterized by its intricate structure and diverse functions, and its cellular localization varies depending on the specific receptor and signaling pathways involved.

The TNFR superfamily complex assembles at the plasma membrane, where TNFRs are embedded. These receptors are type I transmembrane proteins with an extracellular domain that binds to specific ligands, triggering intracellular signaling cascades. The cytoplasmic domain of TNFRs interacts with various adaptor proteins, such as TRADD (tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein), TRAF2 (TNF receptor-associated factor 2), and RIP1 (receptor-interacting protein 1).

Following ligand binding, the TNFR complex undergoes a series of conformational changes, leading to the recruitment and activation of downstream signaling molecules. These molecules, including kinases, ubiquitin ligases, and transcription factors, orchestrate a complex network of cellular responses.

The cellular component of the TNFR superfamily complex can be broadly categorized into two main compartments:

1. **Plasma membrane:** This is the primary site of receptor localization and ligand binding. The TNFR complex is anchored to the plasma membrane through the transmembrane domains of TNFRs.

2. **Cytoplasm:** Upon ligand binding, the TNFR complex undergoes internalization and trafficking to intracellular compartments, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, and endosomes. This intracellular trafficking is essential for the initiation and propagation of downstream signaling events.

The specific cellular localization of the TNFR complex can vary depending on the specific receptor and signaling pathways involved. For example, some TNFR complexes, such as those containing TNFR1, are primarily localized to the plasma membrane, while others, such as those containing TNFR2, can be found in both the plasma membrane and intracellular compartments.

In addition to its localization at the plasma membrane and intracellular compartments, the TNFR superfamily complex can also be found in specialized structures, such as the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). The DISC is a multi-protein platform that forms upon activation of certain TNFRs, such as TNFR1, and it plays a key role in initiating apoptosis.

The cellular component of the TNFR superfamily complex is highly dynamic and regulated, and its precise localization is critical for the proper functioning of these signaling pathways. Dysregulation of TNFR complex localization has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (4)