Target type: biologicalprocess
The chemical reactions and pathways involving a lysobisphosphatidic acid. A lysobisphosphatidic acid is a lysophosphatidic acid having the unusual property of a phosphodiester moiety linked to positions sn-1 and sn1' of glycerol; and two additional fatty acids esterified to the glycerol head group. [GOC:mw]
Lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA) metabolic process is a complex pathway involving the synthesis, modification, and degradation of LBPA, a unique phospholipid found primarily in late endosomes and lysosomes. LBPA plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including:
- **Membrane trafficking:** LBPA acts as a signaling molecule that recruits specific proteins to late endosomes and lysosomes, facilitating the sorting and delivery of cargo to their designated destinations.
- **Lysosomal enzyme activity:** LBPA interacts with lysosomal enzymes, enhancing their catalytic activity and ensuring proper degradation of cellular waste products.
- **Immune response:** LBPA is involved in the regulation of immune responses by influencing the activation of immune cells.
- **Viral infection:** Some viruses utilize LBPA to enter cells and replicate, highlighting its importance in cellular defense.
The synthesis of LBPA begins with the phosphorylation of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) by a specific kinase, forming lysophosphatidic acid phosphate (LPA-P). LPA-P is then further modified by an acyltransferase enzyme, which adds a fatty acid chain to the molecule, resulting in the formation of LBPA.
LBPA can be degraded through various mechanisms, including:
- **Hydrolysis by phospholipases:** Specific phospholipases can cleave the phosphate group from LBPA, generating LPA-P and diacylglycerol (DAG).
- **Degradation by lysosomal enzymes:** Lysosomal enzymes can break down LBPA into its constituent components, including fatty acids, glycerol, and phosphate.
The intricate interplay between LBPA synthesis, modification, and degradation is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and proper function. Dysregulation of LBPA metabolism has been linked to various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, emphasizing the importance of this pathway in human health.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Monoacylglycerol lipase ABHD6 | A monoacylglycerol lipase ABHD6 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9BV23] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| dronabinol | Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound. | benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide | cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic |
| orlistat | orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug. Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity. | beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative | anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor |