Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:22761445]
Positive regulation of establishment of protein localization is a crucial process that ensures proteins are correctly positioned within cells to perform their functions. It involves a complex interplay of molecular mechanisms that direct proteins to their appropriate destinations, influencing their interactions and activities.
The process begins with the synthesis of proteins on ribosomes, often in the cytoplasm. From there, proteins are guided to their specific locations by a variety of signals, including:
* **Signal peptides:** These short amino acid sequences act as "zip codes" that direct proteins to particular organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, or nucleus.
* **Sorting signals:** These are specific sequences that interact with chaperones and other proteins, assisting in protein folding and directing them to the appropriate compartment.
* **Protein-protein interactions:** Many proteins interact with other proteins to form complexes or assemblies, which influence their localization and function.
**Mechanisms of positive regulation:**
* **Enhanced signal recognition:** Factors that increase the efficiency of signal peptide recognition or improve signal peptide binding to receptors can enhance protein localization.
* **Increased chaperone activity:** Chaperones assist in protein folding and transport, and their activity can be regulated to promote efficient protein localization.
* **Regulation of trafficking pathways:** The transport of proteins through various cellular compartments, like the ER-Golgi pathway, can be positively regulated to ensure timely and accurate delivery.
* **Modulation of protein-protein interactions:** Changes in the affinity or duration of protein-protein interactions can influence the localization and function of proteins.
**Consequences of deregulation:**
Disruptions in positive regulation of protein localization can lead to a range of cellular dysfunction, including:
* **Mislocalization of proteins:** Proteins may end up in inappropriate locations, leading to loss of function or gain of toxic function.
* **Accumulation of misfolded proteins:** Failure to properly fold and localize proteins can result in protein aggregation, contributing to disease.
* **Altered cellular signaling:** The mislocalization of signaling proteins can disrupt cell communication and contribute to developmental defects or disease.
Overall, the positive regulation of establishment of protein localization is a fundamental process that ensures cellular order and function. It involves a sophisticated interplay of molecular mechanisms that coordinate protein synthesis, folding, transport, and interaction, ensuring that proteins are accurately positioned for their biological roles.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 3 | A protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O75365] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| emodin | emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs. Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies. | trihydroxyanthraquinone | antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| pentamidine | pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects. | aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether | anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic |
| 2-[[5-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-prop-2-enyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]thio]-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone | aromatic ketone | ||
| ginkgetin | ginkgetin : A biflavonoid that is the 7,4'-dimethyl ether derivative of amentoflavone. Isolated from Ginkgo biloba and Dioon, it exhibits anti-HSV-1, antineoplastic and inhibitory activities towards arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase 2. ginkgetin: from Cephalotaxus drupacea; biflavone; active against HSV-1; structure given in first source | biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; methoxyflavone; ring assembly | anti-HSV-1 agent; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| sciadopitysin | sciadopitysin : A biflavonoid that is a 7, 4', 4'''-trimethyl ether derivative of amentoflavone. sciadopitysin: biflavonoid from Taxus celebica & Ginkgo biloba | biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; methoxyflavone; ring assembly | bone density conservation agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor |