regulation of protein localization to nucleolus
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleolus. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:BHF, GOC:BHF_telomere, GOC:nc, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:24415760]
The nucleolus is a prominent sub-organelle within the eukaryotic nucleus that serves as the site for ribosome biogenesis. This essential process involves the coordinated assembly of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and ribosomal proteins. The accurate localization of proteins to the nucleolus is crucial for the proper functioning of this organelle. The regulation of protein localization to the nucleolus involves a complex interplay of signaling pathways, protein-protein interactions, and specific localization signals.
Proteins destined for the nucleolus often contain specific amino acid sequences known as nucleolar localization signals (NoLS). These signals can vary in length and composition but typically contain basic amino acids, such as arginine and lysine. NoLSs are recognized by nucleolar import receptors, which facilitate the transport of proteins through the nuclear pore complex. The import receptors then interact with nucleolar components, such as nucleolar proteins and RNA molecules, to deliver the cargo proteins to their designated locations within the nucleolus.
The localization of proteins to the nucleolus can also be regulated by post-translational modifications. For example, phosphorylation of specific residues within a protein can either promote or inhibit its association with the nucleolus. Similarly, acetylation, methylation, and ubiquitination can also influence the localization of proteins to the nucleolus.
In addition to these mechanisms, the localization of proteins to the nucleolus can be modulated by cellular stress and environmental cues. For example, upon exposure to stress, certain proteins can be sequestered to the nucleolus, where they can be protected from degradation or participate in stress response pathways.
The regulation of protein localization to the nucleolus is a dynamic process that is essential for maintaining the integrity and function of this critical organelle. Disruptions in the localization of nucleolar proteins can lead to defects in ribosome biogenesis and ultimately affect cellular growth and development.'
"
Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Glutamine synthetase | A glutamine synthetase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P15104] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (1)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| prednisolone | prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone. Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states. | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic |