cellular response to fluoride

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoride stimulus. [GO_REF:0000071, GOC:kmv, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:8138152]

Fluoride ions, ubiquitous in the environment, exert a significant influence on cellular processes. Their primary mode of action involves interaction with enzymes and proteins that rely on calcium for their function. This interaction disrupts the normal enzymatic activity, leading to various cellular responses.

Upon entering the cell, fluoride ions primarily target calcium-dependent signaling pathways. One key mechanism involves the inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC), a crucial enzyme involved in cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Fluoride disrupts the binding of calcium to PKC, thereby impeding its activation and downstream signaling.

Another significant target is the enzyme adenylate cyclase, responsible for the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Fluoride inhibits adenylate cyclase activity, reducing cAMP levels and impacting intracellular signaling cascades. This inhibition can influence various cellular processes, including hormone secretion, gene expression, and cell proliferation.

Furthermore, fluoride can interfere with the activity of phospholipase C, an enzyme involved in the breakdown of phospholipids and the generation of intracellular messengers like inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). This disruption of phospholipase C activity can alter calcium signaling and affect a wide range of cellular functions.

Beyond its effects on signaling pathways, fluoride can also impact the structure and function of cellular components. It has been shown to interfere with the formation of bone mineral, leading to skeletal abnormalities. Additionally, fluoride exposure can induce oxidative stress, contributing to cellular damage and disease progression.

The cellular response to fluoride is multifaceted and depends on various factors, including fluoride concentration, cell type, and exposure duration. While low levels of fluoride may not elicit significant responses, prolonged or high-dose exposure can lead to adverse cellular effects. Understanding the intricate mechanisms by which fluoride interacts with cellular processes is crucial for assessing its potential health implications and developing strategies to mitigate its detrimental effects.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (1)