regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:11672522]

Oxidative stress, a condition of cellular imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defense, can trigger intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway, leading to programmed cell death. This process involves intricate interactions between various cellular components and signaling molecules.

**1. ROS Accumulation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction:**
- Oxidative stress leads to an increase in ROS levels within the cell.
- ROS can damage cellular components, including mitochondria, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction.
- Damaged mitochondria release pro-apoptotic factors, such as cytochrome c, into the cytosol.

**2. Activation of Caspase Cascade:**
- Cytochrome c, upon release from mitochondria, binds to apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (Apaf-1).
- This complex recruits and activates caspase-9, an initiator caspase.
- Activated caspase-9 initiates a cascade of caspase activation, activating downstream executioner caspases, such as caspase-3 and caspase-7.

**3. Execution of Apoptosis:**
- Activated executioner caspases cleave various cellular substrates, leading to:
- DNA fragmentation
- Breakdown of the cytoskeleton
- Formation of apoptotic bodies
- Activation of endonucleases

**4. Regulation of the Pathway:**
- **Anti-apoptotic proteins:** Bcl-2 family proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL) can inhibit the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, thus preventing caspase activation.
- **Pro-apoptotic proteins:** Bcl-2 family proteins (Bax, Bak) promote the release of cytochrome c, facilitating caspase activation.
- **Other regulators:** Several other molecules, such as p53, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and calcium ions (Ca2+), play crucial roles in modulating the oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.

**5. Cellular Consequences:**
- The execution of apoptosis eliminates damaged or unwanted cells, maintaining cellular homeostasis.
- Dysregulation of the apoptotic pathway can contribute to various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases.

This intricate network of interactions ensures that the cell can effectively respond to oxidative stress and initiate apoptosis when necessary. However, dysregulation of this pathway can have detrimental consequences for cellular health.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (2)