microtubule-based transport

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

A microtubule-based process that results in the transport of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules. [GOC:cjm, ISBN:0815316194]

Microtubule-based transport is a fundamental process in eukaryotic cells, responsible for the movement of organelles, vesicles, and macromolecules within the cytoplasm. It relies on a network of microtubules, which are dynamic, hollow, filamentous structures composed of α- and β-tubulin dimers. Microtubules provide tracks for motor proteins, such as kinesins and dyneins, which utilize ATP hydrolysis to generate movement along these tracks. Kinesins generally move cargo towards the plus end of microtubules, which is typically located at the cell periphery, while dyneins move cargo towards the minus end, located near the nucleus. This dynamic movement of cargo is essential for various cellular processes, including:

* **Intracellular transport:** Kinesins and dyneins transport organelles like mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum, as well as vesicles carrying proteins, lipids, and other molecules. This ensures the efficient distribution of cellular components and materials within the cell.

* **Cell division:** During mitosis, microtubules form the mitotic spindle, which is responsible for the separation of chromosomes into daughter cells. Motor proteins play a crucial role in the movement of chromosomes along the spindle fibers, ensuring accurate chromosome segregation.

* **Cell signaling:** Microtubule-based transport can deliver signaling molecules to specific cellular compartments, influencing cellular processes like gene expression, cell growth, and differentiation.

* **Organelle positioning:** Microtubules and motor proteins are involved in the positioning of organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus, within the cell, which is important for maintaining cellular structure and function.

* **Vesicle trafficking:** Vesicles carrying cargo like proteins, lipids, and other molecules move along microtubules to their target destinations. This efficient transport system is essential for various cellular processes, including secretion, endocytosis, and intracellular signaling.

* **Axonal transport:** In neurons, microtubules provide the tracks for the long-distance transport of essential molecules and organelles along axons. This process is crucial for neuronal function and communication.

The intricate coordination of microtubules, motor proteins, and cargo molecules ensures the efficient and precise movement of materials within the cell. Microtubule-based transport is a dynamic and essential process that plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular structure, function, and survival.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (28)