postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton organization

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins in the postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton. [GOC:dos]

Postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton organization is a crucial process in neuronal function and plasticity, enabling the formation, stability, and dynamic regulation of synapses. It involves the coordinated assembly, disassembly, and reorganization of actin filaments at the postsynaptic density (PSD), a specialized protein scaffold that mediates communication between neurons.

The process begins with the nucleation of new actin filaments by actin-nucleating factors, such as Arp2/3 complex and formins. These factors are recruited to the PSD by signaling pathways triggered by neurotransmitter release. The Arp2/3 complex is activated by WASP family proteins, which are downstream effectors of various signaling pathways, including the Rho GTPase pathway. Formins, on the other hand, are activated by Rho-GTPases like Rac and Cdc42.

Once nucleated, actin filaments grow by the addition of monomeric actin subunits. This polymerization is regulated by various actin-binding proteins, including profilin, which promotes the addition of actin monomers, and capping proteins, which prevent further elongation. The direction of filament growth is also regulated by proteins like fascin, which bundles actin filaments into parallel arrays, and filamin, which cross-links filaments into networks.

The organization of the postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton is further influenced by myosin motors, which generate force and movement. Myosin II, a motor protein that interacts with actin filaments, is involved in the contraction and retraction of the actin cytoskeleton, contributing to the dynamic changes in synaptic structure.

The stability of the postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton is maintained by various factors, including the interaction of actin filaments with the PSD scaffolding proteins, such as PSD-95, and the presence of crosslinking proteins, such as α-actinin. These proteins provide structural support and regulate the organization of the actin network.

The postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton is highly dynamic and constantly undergoes remodeling in response to neuronal activity. This dynamic nature is essential for synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken their connections in response to changes in neuronal activity.

In summary, postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton organization is a complex process involving the coordinated action of multiple proteins and signaling pathways. It is crucial for the formation, stability, and dynamic regulation of synapses, contributing to neuronal function and plasticity.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (1)