submerged biofilm formation

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms aggregate and grow on solid substrates under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription. [GOC:di, GOC:tb]

Submerged biofilm formation is a complex process involving a series of intricate steps that enable microbial communities to thrive and persist in aquatic environments. The process begins with the initial attachment of pioneer microorganisms to a submerged surface. These early colonizers, often motile bacteria or fungi, utilize various mechanisms, such as flagella or pili, to adhere to the substrate. Once attached, they produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), a matrix of polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids, that provide structural support and serve as a scaffold for further microbial growth. This EPS matrix acts as a glue, trapping additional microorganisms and facilitating the formation of a three-dimensional biofilm structure. As the biofilm matures, microbial communities become increasingly diverse and complex, forming intricate microenvironments with gradients of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products. This diversity allows for specialization within the biofilm, with different microbial groups performing specific functions, such as nutrient uptake, waste degradation, and production of secondary metabolites. The biofilm structure provides protection from environmental stresses, such as predation, desiccation, and antibiotic exposure. It also facilitates the exchange of genetic material between microorganisms, promoting horizontal gene transfer and the evolution of antibiotic resistance. This robust, self-sustaining community can persist for extended periods, playing crucial roles in nutrient cycling, biogeochemical processes, and ecosystem health.'
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Proteins (4)

Compounds (2)