protein localization to cell cortex

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell cortex. [GOC:mah]

Protein localization to the cell cortex, a specialized region of the plasma membrane, is a crucial process involved in a wide range of cellular functions. It is a dynamic process that involves the coordinated action of various molecular players, including proteins, lipids, and cytoskeletal elements. The process can be broadly divided into two main steps: targeting and anchoring. Targeting refers to the delivery of proteins to the cortical region, while anchoring involves the stable association of proteins with the plasma membrane. Targeting to the cell cortex can occur through several mechanisms. One common mechanism is through the interaction of specific protein domains with cortical lipids, such as phosphoinositides. These lipids are enriched in the cell cortex and act as signaling molecules that recruit specific proteins. Another mechanism involves the interaction of proteins with cytoskeletal elements, such as actin filaments, which are abundant in the cortical region. Anchoring of proteins to the cell cortex involves a variety of mechanisms, including protein-protein interactions, lipid modifications, and cytoskeletal interactions. For example, some proteins may be anchored to the cell cortex through interactions with scaffolding proteins, which act as platforms for the assembly of protein complexes. Other proteins may be anchored through lipid modifications, such as palmitoylation, which allows them to interact with the lipid bilayer. Finally, some proteins may be anchored through interactions with the cytoskeleton, which provides structural support and allows for the dynamic organization of the cortical region. The precise mechanisms of protein localization to the cell cortex vary depending on the protein and the cell type. However, the overall process involves a delicate balance of targeting and anchoring mechanisms that ensure the proper distribution of proteins within the cell cortex. This localization is crucial for maintaining cell shape, motility, and communication with the environment.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (1)