metanephric smooth muscle tissue development

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10]

Metanephric smooth muscle tissue development is a complex process involving intricate interactions between various cell types and signaling pathways. It begins with the formation of the metanephric mesenchyme, a specialized population of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the smooth muscle cells of the renal pelvis, ureters, and renal arteries. These mesenchymal cells undergo a series of transformations, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), proliferation, and differentiation.

During EMT, mesenchymal cells lose their epithelial characteristics and acquire a migratory and mesenchymal phenotype. This transition is regulated by various signaling pathways, including the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway, the Wnt pathway, and the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathway.

Simultaneously, the mesenchymal cells proliferate rapidly, expanding the population of smooth muscle progenitors. This proliferation is driven by growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

As the mesenchymal cells mature, they begin to differentiate into smooth muscle cells. This process involves the expression of specific smooth muscle-specific genes, including smooth muscle actin (SMA), calponin, and myosin. These genes are regulated by a complex network of transcription factors, such as myocardin, serum response factor (SRF), and myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2).

The developing smooth muscle cells interact with other cell types, such as endothelial cells and pericytes, to form functional blood vessels and support the growth and development of the renal pelvis, ureters, and renal arteries.

In addition to the aforementioned pathways, the development of metanephric smooth muscle tissue is also influenced by factors such as oxygen tension, mechanical stress, and the extracellular matrix.

Overall, the development of metanephric smooth muscle tissue is a tightly regulated and intricate process involving the coordinated actions of multiple cell types and signaling pathways. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for understanding renal development and for developing strategies to treat renal diseases.'
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